Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 21 August-27 August 2024
Name	Country	Volcanic Province	Eruption Start Date	Report Status
Etna	Italy	Sicily Volcanic Province	2022 Nov 27	New
Reykjanes	Iceland	Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province	—	New
Sheveluch	Russia	Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc	1999 Aug 15	New
Whakaari/White Island	New Zealand	Taupo Volcanic Zone	2024 May 24	New
Aira	Japan	Ryukyu Volcanic Arc	2017 Mar 25	Continuing
Dukono	Indonesia	Halmahera Volcanic Arc	1933 Aug 13	Continuing
Ebeko	Russia	Kuril Volcanic Arc	2022 Jun 11	Continuing
Great Sitkin	United States	Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc	2021 May 25	Continuing
Ibu	Indonesia	Halmahera Volcanic Arc	2008 Apr 5	Continuing
Kanlaon	Philippines	Negros-Sulu Volcanic Arc	—	Continuing
Karymsky	Russia	Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc	2024 Jun 20	Continuing
Lewotobi	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	2023 Dec 23	Continuing
Marapi	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	2023 Dec 3	Continuing
Merapi	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	2020 Dec 31	Continuing
Sabancaya	Peru	Central Andean Volcanic Arc	2016 Nov 6	Continuing
Semeru	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	2017 Jun 6	Continuing
Stromboli	Italy	Aeolian Volcanic Arc	1934 Feb 2	Continuing
Suwanosejima	Japan	Ryukyu Volcanic Arc	2004 Oct 23	Continuing
Villarrica	Chile	Southern Andean Volcanic Arc	2014 Dec 2 ± 7 days	Continuing

All times are local unless otherwise stated.

Etna (Italy) | 21 August-27 August 2024 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Etna
Sicily Volcanic Province

INGV reported that activity at Etna’s summit craters continued during 19-25 August, though weather conditions often prevented visual observations during daylight hours. Continuous gas emissions were visible from the summit craters, especially at SE Crater (SEC). At 2154 on 23 August a thermal anomaly and a short-lived sequence of ash emissions from the E vent at SEC were visible in thermal webcam images.

Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV)

Reykjanes (Iceland) | 21 August-27 August 2024 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Reykjanes
Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province

IMO reported that a new eruption began in a location between Stóra-Skógfell and Sundhnúkur, within the Reykanes volcanic system, after about a month of increasing seismicity and inflation and about a week of more intense seismicity and larger earthquakes. A 20 August report noted that seismicity had increased during the previous few days and that the estimated volume of magma that had accumulated beneath the surface was greater than it was prior to any previous eruption in the region. Two earthquakes with magnitudes greater than two were recorded during 19-20 August, making a total of six earthquakes with similar magnitudes recorded during the previous week. An earthquake swarm began at 2048 on 22 August and increased pressure was identified in borehole data; these data indicated that a dike had begun to propagate. At 2111 IMO raised the Aviation Color Code to Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

A fissure eruption began at 2126 on 22 August and within four minutes a gas plume had risen 1 km high and began drifting S. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Red at 2130, and a news source reported that possibly more than 1,000 people were evacuated from the Blue Lagoon Spa area. The fissure produced lava fountaining along its roughly SW-NE axis and propagated mostly NE, and by 2230 was 3.9 km in length. According to a news source observers noted that the lava fountains were likely taller than those from the previous eruptions in the area. Seismicity was concentrated near the N end of the fissure system. Lava flows spread E and W, towards Grindavíkurvegur; flows did not head towards Grindavík. At 2145 the Aviation Color Code was lowered back to Orange because ash was not detected in the gas-rich plumes rising from the fissure. A M 4 earthquake recorded at 2237 was located about 3 km NE of Stóra-Skógsfell. As magma propagated from the reservoir to the surface a maximum of around 40 cm of land subsidence was recorded.

As the fissure opened to the NE, activity along the S end of the fissure declined. The fissure consisted of at least two segments; the main segment that had opened first and a second shorter segment that was offset to the NW from the end of the original segment; the total length of the fissure was about 7 km long according to a news source. Seismicity rapidly decreased at around 0400 on 23 August. By 1000 the vigor of the eruption had decreased and was confined to the northernmost fissure segment. Explosive activity at around 1030 produced dark ash plumes that rose 1 km and local tephra fall based on webcam views. Lava was mostly moving to the NW, N of Stóra-Skógfell. By 1600 the rate of both the seismicity and ground deformation had decreased, and activity along the main fissure was low. Lava flows had caused extended wildfires in the area. Sulfur dioxide plumes from the eruption drifted more than 1,000 km SE towards Scotland. The lava extrusion rate on 24 August was estimated to be around 100 cubic meters per second, lower than the estimated rate of 1,500-2,000 cubic meters per second during the beginning phase of the eruption.

During 25-26 August the activity was centered in one area at the N part of the fissure. Lava advanced N in two main channels though the advancement had slowed considerably. The lava extrusion rate had decreased to an estimated tens of cubic meters per second. Modeling suggested that 17-27 million cubic meters of magma had erupted, covering an area totaling 15.1 square kilometers.

Sources: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), Icelandic National Broadcasting Service (RUV)

Sheveluch (Russia) | 21 August-27 August 2024 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Sheveluch
Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc

KVERT reported that during 19-22 August lava extrusion possibly continued at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at a new vent or dome that formed during the 17-18 August explosive events. A weak thermal anomaly over the domes was identified in satellite images on 19 and 21 August. Resuspended ash from the S flank rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 200 km SE during 20-21 August based on webcam and satellite images. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Whakaari/White Island (New Zealand) | 21 August-27 August 2024 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Whakaari/White Island
Taupo Volcanic Zone

GeoNet reported that minor eruptive activity at Whakaari/White Island during 21-27 August was characterized by elevated sulfur dioxide gas emissions and minor ash emissions. During a 21 August overflight, scientists observed gas, steam, and ash plumes rising 600-900 m from the new vent that had opened in early August. Ashfall on the island was seen within a 1 km radius of the vent. The temperature at the vent was about 590 degrees Celsius based on infrared images taken during the overflight. Low-level plumes containing minor amounts of ash were identified in satellite images and images from webcams located in Whakatane and Te Kaha during the week. In calm weather conditions the plumes were sometimes visible rising as high as 2 km a.s.l., and at other times drifted tens of kilometers downwind. During 22-23 August the plumes drifted towards the Bay of Plenty. According to a news report at least 10 flights in and out of both Tauranga and Rotorua Airports were cancelled and three were delayed during the morning on 22 August. The flight disruptions were a “proactive safety measure” and by 1130 airport operations were back to normal. The Volcanic Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 0-5) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Sources: GeoNet, Radio New Zealand

Aira (Japan) | 21 August-27 August 2024 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Aira
Ryukyu Volcanic Arc

JMA reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 19-26 August. Nighttime crater incandescence was visible in webcam images. Eruptive events at 0901 and 0926 on 21 August produced ash plumes that rose 1-1.4 km above the crater rim and drifted N. An explosion at 1457 on 21 August generated an ash plume that rose as high as 2.7 km and drifted N and ejected large blocks 800-1,200 m from the crater rim. Sulfur dioxide emissions were somewhat high that day, averaging 1,800 tons per day. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 1 km away from both craters.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Dukono (Indonesia) | 21 August-27 August 2024 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Dukono
Halmahera Volcanic Arc

PVMBG reported that the eruption at Dukono was ongoing during 21-27 August. Gray-and-white ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose 100-900 m above the summit and drifted E and W on most days; white plumes rose 200-400 m above the summit and drifted W on 15 August, and no emissions were observed on 21 August likely due to weather conditions. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 3-km exclusion zone.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Ebeko (Russia) | 21 August-27 August 2024 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Ebeko
Kuril Volcanic Arc

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 15-22 August. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions throughout the week generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. Thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images on 17 August; on other days either no activity was observed, or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Great Sitkin (United States) | 21 August-27 August 2024 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Great Sitkin
Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc

AVO reported that slow lava effusion in Great Sitkin’s summit crater continued during 21-27 August. Seismicity was low with few small daily earthquakes. Nothing unusual was observed in satellite and webcam images throughout the week. Weakly elevated surface temperatures were detected in satellite data during 26-27 August, consistent with a cooling lava flow. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Ibu (Indonesia) | 21 August-27 August 2024 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Ibu
Halmahera Volcanic Arc

PVMBG reported that activity at Ibu continued during 14-20 August with multiple eruptive events recorded daily. Daily gray or white-and-gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense generally rose as high as 2 km above the summit and drifted N, NW, W, and SW. Some webcam images posted with the reports showed incandescence emanating above the crater rim, possibly reflected in the emissions. At 0118 on 28 August a dense gray-to-black ash plume rose as high as 5 km above the crater rim and drifted SW and W. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 5 km away from the N crater wall opening.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Kanlaon (Philippines) | 21 August-27 August 2024 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Kanlaon
Negros-Sulu Volcanic Arc

PHIVOLCS issued special notices for Kanlaon noting continuing high levels sulfur dioxide gas emissions. Summit emissions measured with a Flyspec instrument averaged 6,720 tonnes/day (t/d), 6,367 t/d, and 7,172 t/d on 21, 24, and 25 August, respectively. Sulfur odors were reported in several barangays (neighborhoods) in La Carlota City (14 km W) and La Castellana (16 km SW), Negros Occidental, on 21 August and in Murcia (17 km NNW), Negros Occidental, on 24 August. Voluminous steam-rich plumes were observed on 24 August rising as high as 700 m above the crater rim and drifting N. The 25 August measurement was the second highest emission average ever recorded at the volcano. Sulfur dioxide emissions decreased to 3,447 t/d on 26 August.

Higher sulfur dioxide gas fluxes had been recorded in 2024 with an average of 1,273 t/d prior to the 3 June eruption; afterward the eruption emissions were elevated, averaging 3,351 t/d. An average of nine volcanic earthquakes per day also persisted after the 3 June eruption. Ground deformation data from continuous GPS and electronic tilt data indicated slow inflation of the volcano since March 2022; the rate of inflation at the E flank increased in 2023 and at the SE flank beginning in July 2024. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5) and PHIVOLCS reminded the public to remain outside of the 4-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone.

Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Karymsky (Russia) | 21 August-27 August 2024 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Karymsky
Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc

KVERT reported moderate levels of activity at Karymsky during 15-22 August. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images on 16 August; weather clouds obscured views on the other days during the week. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Lewotobi (Indonesia) | 21 August-27 August 2024 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Lewotobi
Sunda Volcanic Arc

PVMBG reported that eruptive activity at Lewotobi’s Laki-laki volcano continued during 21-27 August. Daily gray or white-and-gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose as high as 1.2 km above the summit and drifted mainly SW, W, and NW. According to a 23 August news article farmers reported failed crops, including cashews, that had been impacted by ashfall. Another news article stated that several local homes were flooded on 25 August by lahars that had a sulfur odor. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay outside of the exclusion zone, defined as a 3-km radius around both Laki-laki and Perempuan craters, 4 km to the NNW and SSE of Laki-laki.

Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Metro TV News, Metro TV News

Marapi (Indonesia) | 21 August-27 August 2024 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Marapi
Sunda Volcanic Arc

PVMBG reported that eruptive activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) was ongoing during 21-17 August. Gray ash plumes rose 100-350 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions during 21-22 and 25 August. Emissions were not observed on the other days. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the active crater.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Merapi (Indonesia) | 21 August-27 August 2024 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Merapi
Sunda Volcanic Arc

BPPTKG reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 16-22 August. Earthquakes were more intense compared to the previous week. The SW lava dome produced lava avalanches that descended the S and SW flanks; 314 traveled as far as 1.9 km SW down the upper part of the Bebeng drainage, two traveled 1 km S down the Boyong drainage, one traveled 1 km W down the Batang drainage, and one traveled 500 m W down the Apu drainage. Morphological changes to the SW lava dome were due to continuing effusion and collapses of material. The volume of the SW dome was an estimated 2,777,900 cubic meters based on webcam images and a 21 August drone survey. The hottest temperature was around 243 degrees Celsius, similar to the previous measurement. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.

Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)

Sabancaya (Peru) | 21 August-27 August 2024 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Sabancaya
Central Andean Volcanic Arc

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that the eruption at Sabancaya continued during 9-25 August with a daily average of 58 explosions. Gas-and-ash plumes rose as high as 2 km above the summit and drifted less than 10 km NE, SE, and S. Thermal anomalies over the lava dome in the summit crater were identified in satellite data. Slight inflation was detected N of Hualca Hualca (7 km N). Sulfur dioxide emissions were at moderate levels, averaging 585 tons per day. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay outside of a 12 km radius.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

Semeru (Indonesia) | 21 August-27 August 2024 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Semeru
Sunda Volcanic Arc

PVMBG reported that eruptive activity continued at Semeru during 21-27 August with multiple daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. White-and-gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose 100-800 m above the summit and drifted S, SW, and W on most days; weather conditions sometimes prevented visual confirmation of the eruptive events, especially on 21 and 25 August. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Stromboli (Italy) | 21 August-27 August 2024 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Stromboli
Aeolian Volcanic Arc

INGV reported that eruptive activity continued at Stromboli during 19-25 August. Webcam images showed Strombolian activity at three vents in Area N within the upper part of the Sciara del Fuoco, and from one vent at S2 in Area C-S (South-Central Crater) on the crater terrace. The vents in Area N had been active for several weeks and two of them continued to produce explosions ejecting ash, lapilli, and bombs. The third and southernmost vent ejected spatter. A larger explosion at 1140 on 25 August produced a dense ash plume and ejected material onto the Sciara del Fuoco drainage. The vent in Area C-S ejected tephra at a decreasing rate. The Dipartimento della Protezione Civile lowered the Alert Level to Orange on 23 July and then to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) on 8 August, where it remains.

Sources: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV), Dipartimento della Protezione Civile

Suwanosejima (Japan) | 21 August-27 August 2024 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Suwanosejima
Ryukyu Volcanic Arc

JMA reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 19-26 August. Crater incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. An explosion at 0900 on 22 August generated an ash plume that rose 1.5 km straight up above the crater rim. An eruptive event at 0448 on 25 August generated an ash plume that rose 2.3 km above the carter rim and drifted S. An ash plume from an explosion at 1623 on 26 August rose 1.3 km above the crater rim and drifted SW. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1.5 km away from the crater.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Villarrica (Chile) | 21 August-27 August 2024 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Villarrica
Southern Andean Volcanic Arc

Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN) and Nacional de Prevención y Repuesta Ante Desastres (SENAPRED) reduced the exclusion zone around Villarrica to 1 km on 23 August. The announcement noted that there had been a decrease in the number of explosions that ejected material above the crater rim and that monitoring data had showed low levels of activity for the previous few months. The Volcanic Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) and SENAPRED maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the middle level on a three-color scale) for the communities of Villarrica, Pucón (16 km N), Curarrehue, and Panguipulli.

Sources: Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN), Sistema y Servicio Nacional de Prevención y Repuesta Ante Desastres (SENAPRED)

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Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers

1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

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