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Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Weekly Volcanic Activity Map

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 4 September-10 September 2024
Name Country Volcanic Province Eruption Start Date Report Status
Kanlaon Philippines Negros-Sulu Volcanic Arc New
Karymsky Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 2024 Jun 20 New
Kikai Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc New
Klyuchevskoy Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc New
Reykjanes Iceland Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province New
Whakaari/White Island New Zealand Taupo Volcanic Zone 2024 May 24 New
Aira Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2017 Mar 25 Continuing
Dukono Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 1933 Aug 13 Continuing
Ebeko Russia Kuril Volcanic Arc 2022 Jun 11 Continuing
Fuego Guatemala Central America Volcanic Arc 2002 Jan 4 Continuing
Great Sitkin United States Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc 2021 May 25 Continuing
Ibu Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 2008 Apr 5 Continuing
Lewotobi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2023 Dec 23 Continuing
Merapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2020 Dec 31 Continuing
Sangay Ecuador Northern Andean Volcanic Arc 2019 Mar 26 Continuing
Santa Maria Guatemala Central America Volcanic Arc 1922 Jun 22 Continuing
Semeru Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2017 Jun 6 Continuing
Sheveluch Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 1999 Aug 15 Continuing
Suwanosejima Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2004 Oct 23 Continuing
All times are local unless otherwise stated.
Weekly Reports Archive

Since the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report began in November 2000, there have been 20,717 individual reports over 1,247 weeks (average of 17 per week) on 338 different volcanoes.

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Adams Cotopaxi Iliwerung Llaima Popocatepetl Sumisujima
Agung Cuicocha Inielika Lokon-Empung Purace Sundoro
Ahyi Cumbal Ioto Lonquimay Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Suoh
Aira Dabbahu Irazu Lopevi Rabaul Suretamatai
Akan Davidof Iwatesan Machin Raikoke Suwanosejima
Alaid Dempo Iya Makushin Ranakah Taal
Alu-Dalafilla Descabezado Grande Izu-Torishima Maly Semyachik Raoul Island Tair, Jebel at
Ambae Dieng Volcanic Complex Jackson Segment Manam Rasshua Takawangha
Ambang Dukono Kaba Manda Hararo Raung Talang
Ambrym East Epi Kadovar Marapi Redoubt Tambora
Anatahan Ebeko Kaitoku Seamount Maroa Reventador Tanaga
Aniakchak Ebulobo Kama'ehuakanaloa Martin Reykjanes Tandikat-Singgalang
Antillanca Volcanic Complex Edgecumbe Kambalny Masaya Rincon de la Vieja Tangkoko-Duasudara
Antuco Egon Kanaga Matthew Island Rinjani Tangkuban Parahu
Apoyeque Ekarma Kanlaon Maule, Laguna del Ritter Island Tara, Batu
Arenal Eldey Karangetang Mauna Loa Rotorua Ta'u
Asamayama Erebus Karkar Mayon Ruang Taupo
Askja Erta Ale Karthala McDonald Islands Ruapehu Telica
Asosan Etna Karymsky Melebingoy Ruby Tenerife
Atka Volcanic Complex Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] Kasatochi Melimoyu Ruiz, Nevado del Tengger Caldera
Augustine Eyjafjallajokull Katla Merapi Sabancaya Three Sisters
Avachinsky Fagradalsfjall Katmai Midagahara Sakar Tinakula
Awu Fernandina Kavachi Misti, El Salak Tofua
Axial Seamount Fogo Kelimutu Miyakejima San Cristobal Tokachidake
Azul, Cerro Fonualei Kelud Momotombo San Miguel Tolbachik
Azumayama Fournaise, Piton de la Kerinci Monowai San Vicente Toliman
Bagana Fourpeaked Ketoi Montagu Island Sangay Tongariro
Balbi Fuego Kharimkotan Moyorodake [Medvezhia] Sangeang Api Trident
Bamus Fujisan Kick 'em Jenny Mutnovsky Santa Ana Tungurahua
Banda Api Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba Kie Besi Myojinsho Santa Maria Turrialba
Bardarbunga Galeras Kikai Nabro Sao Jorge Ubinas
Barren Island Galunggung Kilauea Negra, Sierra Sarigan Ugashik-Peulik
Batur Gamalama Kirishimayama Negro, Cerro Sarychev Peak Ukinrek Maars
Bezymianny Gamkonora Kita-Ioto Nightingale Island Saunders Ulawun
Bogoslof Gareloi Kizimen Nishinoshima Savo Unnamed
Brava Gaua Klyuchevskoy Nisyros Semeru Unnamed
Bristol Island Gorely Kolokol Group Novarupta Semisopochnoi Veniaminof
Bulusan Great Sitkin Koryaksky NW Rota-1 Seulawah Agam Villarrica
Calbuco Grimsvotn Krakatau Nyamulagira Sheveluch Vulcano
Callaqui Guagua Pichincha Krummel-Garbuna-Welcker Nyiragongo Shishaldin West Mata
Cameroon Guallatiri Krysuvik-Trolladyngja Ofu-Olosega Simbo Westdahl
Campi Flegrei Guntur Kuchinoerabujima Okataina Sinabung Whakaari/White Island
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia Hachijojima Kurikomayama Okmok Sinarka Witori
Cayambe Hakoneyama Kusatsu-Shiranesan Ontakesan Siple Wolf
Chachadake [Tiatia] Heard Kverkfjoll Oraefajokull Sirung Wrangell
Chaiten Hekla La Palma Osorno Slamet Yakedake
Chiginagak Helgrindur Lamington Pacaya Snaefellsjokull Yasur
Chikurachki Hierro Lamongan Pagan Soputan Yellowstone
Chiles-Cerro Negro Hokkaido-Komagatake Langila Palena Volcanic Group Sorikmarapi Yufu-Tsurumi
Chillan, Nevados de Home Reef Lanin Paluweh Sotara Zaozan [Zaosan]
Chirinkotan Hood Lascar Panarea Soufriere Hills Zavodovski
Chirpoi Huaynaputina Late Papandayan Soufriere St. Vincent Zhupanovsky
Ciremai Hudson, Cerro Lateiki Pavlof South Sarigan Seamount Zubair Group
Cleveland Huila, Nevado del Lengai, Ol Doinyo Pelee Spurr
Colima Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Leroboleng Peuet Sague St. Helens
Colo Ibu Lewotobi Pinatubo Stromboli
Concepcion Ijen Lewotolok Planchon-Peteroa Sulu Range
Copahue Iliamna Little Sitkin Poas Sumbing
 News Feeds and Google Placemarks


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The RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feed is identical to the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report minus some features including the header information (latitude and longitude and summit elevation), the Geologic Summary, and a link to the volcano's page from the Global Volcanism Program. At the end of each report is a list of the sources used. Each volcano report includes a link from the volcano's name back to the more complete information in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report on the Smithsonian website. This feature was first made available on 5 March 2008.



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A Google Earth network link for the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report can be loaded into the free Google Earth software, and in turn will load placemarks for volcanoes in the current weekly report. Placemark balloons include the volcano name, report date, report text, sources, and links back to the GVP volcano profile page and to the complete Weekly Report for that week. This feature was first made available on 1 April 2009.

 Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria



The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers



1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

4. Many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source.

5. USGS Disclaimer Statement for this Website:

Information presented on this website is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. Use of appropriate byline/photo/image credit is requested. We strongly recommend that USGS data be acquired directly from a USGS server and not through other sources that may change the data in some way. While USGS makes every effort to provide accurate and complete information, various data such as names, telephone numbers, etc. may change prior to updating. USGS welcomes suggestions on how to improve our home page and correct errors. USGS provides no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of furnished data.

Some of the documents on this server may contain live references (or pointers) to information created and maintained by other organizations. Please note that USGS does not control and cannot guarantee the relevance, timeliness, or accuracy of these outside materials.

For site security purposes and to ensure that this service remains available to all users, this government computer system employs software programs to monitor network traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to upload or change information, or otherwise cause damage. Unauthorized attempts to upload information or change information on this website are strictly prohibited and may be punishable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act. Information may also be used for authorized law enforcement investigations. (Last modified September 21, 1999.)

U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm

 Acronyms and Abbreviations

a.s.l. - above sea level

AVO - Alaska Volcano Observatory

AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CENAPRED - Centro Nacionale de Prevencion de Desastres (México)

CONRED - Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres

COSPEC - Correlation Spectrometer

CVGHM (formerly VSI) - Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation

CVO - Cascades Volcano Observatory (USGS)

GMS - Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GVO - Goma Volcano Observatory

GVP - Global Volcanism Program (Smithsonian Institution)

HVO - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS)

ICE - Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Costa Rica)

IG - Instituto Geofísico (Ecuador)

IGNS - Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (New Zealand) - now GNS Science

INETER - Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaragua)

INGEMMET - Instituto Geológical Minero y Metalúrgico (Peru)

INGEOMINAS - Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería (Colombia)

INGV-CT - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (Italy)

INSIVUMEH - Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrologia (Guatemala)

IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France)

JMA - Japanese Meteorological Agency

KEMSD - Kamchatkan Experimental and Methodical Seismilogical Department

KVERT - Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team

M - magnitude

METEOSAT - Meteorological Satellite

MEVO - Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory

MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MVO - Montserrat Volcano Observatory

MWO - Meteorological Watch Office

NEIC - National Earthquake Information Center

NIED - National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan)

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOTAM - Notice to Airmen

OVDAS - Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (Chile)

OFDA - Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance

ONEMI - Oficina Nacional de Emergencia - Ministerio del Interior (Chile)

OVPDLF - Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (France)

OVSICORI-UNA - Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Philippines)

RSAM - Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement

RVO - Rabaul Volcano Observatory

SERNAGEOMIN - Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (Chile)

SIGMET - Significant Meteorological Information

SNET - Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (El Salvador)

SVERT - Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (Russia)

USAID - US Agency for International Development

USGS - United States Geological Survey

UTC - Coordinated Universal Time

VAAC - Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

VAFTAD - Volcanic Ash Forecast Transport And Dispersion

VDAP - Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (USGS)

VHP - Volcano Hazards Program (USGS)

VRC - Volcano Research Center (Japan)

Report for Kanlaon
PHIVOLCS issued special notices for Kanlaon noting periods of increased seismicity and continuing high levels sulfur dioxide gas emissions. The seismic network detected 288 volcano-tectonic earthquakes from 2030 on 9 September to 1100 on 10 September that were located at depths of 0-9 km beneath the NE flank. The strongest events were classified at Intensity II and felt in some barangays (neighborhoods) of Canlaon City, 8 km SSE, Negros Oriental. Rumbling sounds were reported by residents of Bago City and a strong sulfur odor was reported in a few barangays in the cities of Bago (30 km NW), La Carlota (14 km W), and Canlaon. According to a news article the intense seismicity prompted the local Canlaon City government to order a mandatory evacuation of the Permanent Danger Zone, defined as a 4 km radius from the summit, as a precautionary measure. About 91 families (301 people) moved to evacuation centers.

Summit emissions of sulfur dioxide measured with a Flyspec instrument averaged 9,985 tonnes/day (t/d) on 10 September, the highest ever recorded at the volcano. Sulfur odors were reported in the barangays of Ilijan (Bago), Ara-al and San Miguel (La Carlota), and in Masulog, Linothangan, and Pula (Canlaon). A steam-and-gas plume rose 1 km above the summit and drifted SE. Another record high for sulfur dioxide emissions was recorded on 11 September with an average of 11,556 t/d. Residents reported sulfur odors in areas downwind including San Miguel, Masulog, Pula, Codcod (San Carlos City), and Inolingan (Moises Padilla). A news report noted that both public and private schools suspended classes in four barangays.

Elevated sulfur dioxide gas fluxes had been recorded in 2024 with an average of 1,273 t/d prior to the 3 June eruption; afterward the eruption emissions were averaging 3,468 t/d. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5) and PHIVOLCS reminded the public to remain outside of the 4-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone and warned pilots not to fly close to the volcano.
Sources: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), Philippine News Agency (PNA), Philippine News Agency (PNA)
Report for Karymsky
KVERT reported moderate levels of activity at Karymsky during 29 August-6 September. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images during 29-30 August and 3-4 September. A series of six significant explosions on 30 August generated ash plumes that rose as high as 7 km (23,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 150 km ENE. The Aviation Color Code was briefly raised to Red (the highest level on a four-color scale) and then lowered back to Orange that same day. Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Kikai
JMA reported that no activity at Iodake Crater located at Satsuma Iwo-jima, a subaerial part of Kikai’s NW caldera rim, was detected after the 1 and 3 September eruptive events. Crater incandescence continued to be observed at night. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale), and residents were warned to stay 500 m away from Iodake Crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Klyuchevskoy
KVERT lowered the Aviation Color Code for Klyuchevskoy to Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale) at 2300 on 7 September, noting that seismicity had decreased to background levels and no signs of eruptive activity were identified in satellite data. Dates and times are in UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Reykjanes
IMO reported that the eruption between Stóra-Skógfell and Sundhnúkur, within the Reykjanes volcanic system, had ended after 14 days. During 1-5 September activity was concentrated at two main vents located at the N end of the fissure but the intensity of the activity had significantly decreased. Seismic activity had also decreased along with gas emissions. Lava continued to slowly move N, thickening the flow field. Activity at the vents was no longer visible by the evening of 5 September. On 6 September IMO lowered the Aviation Color Code to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) noting that the eruption was over. Volcanic tremor had decreased almost to pre-eruptive levels. GPS data indicated that inflation at Svartsengi had resumed.
Sources: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), National Commissioner of the Icelandic Police (NCIP) Department of Civil Protection and Emergency Management
Report for Whakaari/White Island
The Wellington VAAC reported ongoing low-level ash emissions from Whakaari/White Island during 4-10 September based on satellite data, webcam views, and weather models. The plumes rose 0.9-1.5 km (3,000-5,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N, NE, E, and SE. Views were sometimes obscured by weather clouds.
Source: Wellington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)
Report for Aira
JMA reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 2-9 September. Nighttime crater incandescence was visible in webcam images during dark hours. Very small eruptive events occasionally occurred. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 1 km away from both craters.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Dukono
PVMBG reported that the eruption at Dukono was ongoing during 4-10 September. Gray-and-white ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose 100-1,200 m above the summit and drifted E, S, and W on most days; white plumes rose as high as 800 m above the summit and drifted E on 4 September. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 3-km exclusion zone.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Ebeko
KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 29 August-6 Septrmber. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 2-5 September generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N. Satellite data indicated that either no activity was observed, or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Fuego
INSIVUMEH reported that eruptive activity continued at Fuego during 3-10 September. Daily explosions were recorded by the seismic network, averaging 3-10 per hour. The explosions generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose as high as 1.1 km above the crater rim and drifted as far as 30 km NW, W, and SW. The explosions ejected incandescent material 100-200 m above the summit on most days and produced avalanches of material that descended the flanks, sometimes reaching vegetated areas. Weak rumbling sounds were reported on most days and shock waves were sometimes detected in local areas. Ashfall was reported on a few of the days in areas downwind including Panimaché I and II (8 km SW), Finca Palo Verde (10 km SW), El Porvenir (10 km S), Santa Sofia (12 km SW), Sangre de Cristo (10 km SW), Morelia (10 km SW), Los Yucales (12 km SW), Yepocápa (8 km NW), and other nearby communities. Ashfall was forecast for areas downwind on some of the other days. During the evening of 19 Septrmber lahars descended the El Jute, Las Lahas, Ceniza, and Zarco drainages, carrying tree branches, trunks, and blocks as large as 1.5 m in diameter.
Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)
Report for Great Sitkin
AVO reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick lava flow in Great Sitkin’s summit crater during 4-10 September. Seismicity was low with few small daily earthquakes. Steam rising from the flow was visible in webcam views on 8 September. Weather clouds often obscured views of the summit. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
Report for Ibu
PVMBG reported that activity at Ibu continued during 4-10 September with multiple eruptive events recorded daily. Daily gray or white-and-gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense generally rose as high as 1.5 km above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. At 1756 on 7 September a dense gray ash plume rose as high as 4 km above the crater rim and drifted W. Some webcam images posted with the reports showed incandescence visible above the crater rim. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 5 km away from the N crater wall opening.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Lewotobi
PVMBG reported that eruptive activity at Lewotobi’s Laki-laki volcano continued during 4-10 September mainly from a vent on the upper NW flank. Daily gray or white-and-gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose as high as 1.2 km above the summit and drifted SW, W, and NW; only white emissions were visible on 4 September. A webcam image from 0333 on 5 September captured an area of incandescence on the flank and possible lightning in the lower part of the plume. A news article noted that for the past two months operations continued to be suspended at the Frans Seda Maumere Airport (60 km WSW) because ashfall continued to impact the runways. The report also noted that the airport in Ende had been closed for several days. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay outside of the exclusion zone, defined as a 3 km radius around both Laki-laki and Perempuan craters, 4 km to the NNW and SSE of Laki-laki.
Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Antara News
Report for Merapi
BPPTKG reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 30 August-5 September. Seismicity was less intense compared to the previous week. The SW lava dome produced 232 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.8 km down the Bebeng drainage on the SW flank. Morphological changes to the SW lava dome were due to continuing effusion and collapses of material. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)
Report for Sangay
IG-EPN reported that high levels of eruptive activity continued at Sangay during 3-10 September and the seismic network recorded 112-275 daily explosions. Gas-and-ash plumes were visible in webcam and/or satellite images on most days and rose 400-600 m above the summit and drifted mainly W, WSW, and SW. Weather conditions sometimes obscured views; emissions were not visible on 5 September. Incandescent material was ejected 500 m above the summit and descended the SE drainage as far as 500 m during 3-4 September. Incandescence at the summit was visible during 5-7 September, and overnight during 7-8 and 9-10 September incandescent material descended the SE drainage as far as 1.5 km on several occasions. Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR)
Report for Santa Maria
INSIVUMEH reported ongoing eruptive activity at Santa Maria’s Santiaguito lava-dome complex during 3-10 September with lava extrusion, block collapses, and avalanches at the Caliente dome complex. Effusion of blocky lava produced block avalanches on the dome’s flanks and occasional short pyroclastic flows that descended multiple flanks; the deposits created promontories of unstable material near the top of the 2022 lava flow located in the Zanjón Seco and San Isidro drainages. Incandescence from avalanches of material at the dome as well as explosions was visible during dark hours. Daily explosions (a few per hour) generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose 500-900 m above the summit and drifted mainly N, W, and SW. Ashfall was reported in San Marcos (8 km SW) and Loma Linda Palajunoj (7 km SW) during 5-6 September. Ash fell on the flanks and in surrounding areas during 7-8 September.
Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)
Report for Semeru
PVMBG reported that eruptive activity continued at Semeru during 4-10 September with multiple daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. White-and-gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose 300-600 m above the summit and drifted SW during 5, 7, and 9-10 September. Emissions were not observed on the other days. Crater incandescence was sometimes visible in webcam images. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Sheveluch
KVERT reported that during 1-6 September lava extrusion likely continued at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at a new vent or dome that formed during the 17-18 August explosive events. Daily thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images. Explosive activity during 1-2 September generated ash plumes that rose as high as 8 km (26,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 1,050 km NE. The plume was detected over the Arctic Ocean during 4-5 September. On 5 September a plume of resuspended ash drifted 95 km E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Suwanosejima
JMA reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 2-9 September and crater incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. The seismic network recorded 12 explosions and numerous eruptive events. Occasional rumbling and ashfall were reported at the Suwanosejima Branch Office in Toshima village (3.5 km SSW) on unspecified dates. The explosions were recorded at 2027 on 2 September, at 1103 and 2304 on 4 September, at 0425, 1602, and 1736 on 5 September, at 0541, 1938, and 2036 on 6 September, at 2121 on 7 September, at 2144 on 8 September, and at 1728 on 9 September. The explosions generated ash plumes that rose 0.4-1.7 km above the crater rim and drifted NW, W, and SW; details about the last two explosions were unknown. Large blocks were sometimes ejected as far as 600 m from the vent. As many as 11 daily eruptive events were also recorded and produced ash plumes that rose as high as 1.6 km above the crater rim and drifted NW, W, and SW. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1.5 km away from the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)