INSIVUMEH reported that eruptive activity continued at Fuego during 27 December 2023-2 January 2024. Explosions were recorded daily, averaging 5-20 per hour on most days where counts were reported. The explosions generated ash-and-gas plumes that rose as high as 1.2 km above the crater rim and drifted as far as 30 km NW, N, NE, and E. Ashfall was reported on most of the days in areas downwind including Alotenango (8 km ENE), Ciudad Vieja (14 km NE), Parramos (18 km NNE), Sumpango (25 km NE), San Lucas (28 km NE), Sacatepéquez (18 km ENE), La Reunión (7 km SE), Alotenango (8 km ENE), La Antigua (18 km NE), San Miguel Dueñas (10 km NE), El Rodeo (10 km SSE), El Porvenir (8 km ENE), and San Cayetano. Weak rumbling sounds and shock waves were recorded daily and shook structures within a 10-km radius. Explosions caused daily block avalanches that descended various drainages including the Ceniza (SSW), Seca (W), Taniluyá (SW), and Las Lajas (SE). The explosions ejected incandescent material 200-300 m above the summit on most of the days.

Geological Summary. Volcán Fuego, one of Central America's most active volcanoes, is also one of three large stratovolcanoes overlooking Guatemala's former capital, Antigua. The scarp of an older edifice, Meseta, lies between Fuego and Acatenango to the north. Construction of Meseta dates back to about 230,000 years and continued until the late Pleistocene or early Holocene. Collapse of Meseta may have produced the massive Escuintla debris-avalanche deposit, which extends about 50 km onto the Pacific coastal plain. Growth of the modern Fuego volcano followed, continuing the southward migration of volcanism that began at the mostly andesitic Acatenango. Eruptions at Fuego have become more mafic with time, and most historical activity has produced basaltic rocks. Frequent vigorous historical eruptions have been recorded since the onset of the Spanish era in 1524, and have produced major ashfalls, along with occasional pyroclastic flows and lava flows.

Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)