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Tangkoko-Duasudara

Photo of this volcano
  • Country
  • Volcanic Region
  • Landform | Volc Type
  • Last Known Eruption
  • 1.518°N
  • 125.185°E

  • 1,334 m
    4,377 ft

  • 266130
  • Latitude
  • Longitude

  • Summit
    Elevation

  • Volcano
    Number

Most Recent Weekly Report: 21 April-27 April 2010 Citation IconCite this Report

Based on analyses of satellite imagery, the Darwin VAAC reported that on 23 April a possible ash plume from Tongkoko rose to an altitude of 10.7 km (35,000 ft) a.s.l. [Note: The Darwin VAAC later stated that, according to CVGHM, the plume was caused by a fire and not an eruption.]

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)


Most Recent Bulletin Report: September 2003 (BGVN 28:09) Citation IconCite this Report

Volcanic earthquakes during October 2002-January 2003

The Volcanological Survey of Indonesia (VSI) reported deep volcanic and A-type earthquakes at Tongkoko (also known as Tangkoko) over the period 7 October-24 November 2002 and more deep-volcanic events during 23 December 2002-19 January 2003 (table 1). The earthquakes, which began in May 2002, were recorded following relocation of an observatory post to Wainenet village in the Bitung area. The temperature at Batu Angus hot spring on 10 October 2002 was 70-73°C. While no visible activity has been observed, the hazard status was raised to Alert Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4) on 24 October 2002 as a result of the increased seismicity. The last recorded activity at Tongkoko consisted of flank lava flows and lava dome extrusion in 1880.

Table 1. Earthquakes recorded at Tongkoko, 7 October 2002-19 January 2003. In addition, one shallow volcanic event was recorded during 13-19 January 2003, and single B-type earthquakes each occurred during 21-27 October and 4-10 November 2002. Courtesy of VSI.

Date Deep Volcanic (B-type) Shallow volcanic (A-type) Tectonic
07 Oct-13 Oct 2002 4 -- --
14 Oct-20 Oct 2002 -- 12 23
21 Oct-27 Oct 2002 -- 9 34
28 Oct-03 Nov 2002 -- 17 19
04 Nov-10 Nov 2002 -- 9 38
11 Nov-18 Nov 2002 -- 2 37
19 Nov-24 Nov 2002 -- 2 25
23 Dec-29 Dec 2002 5 -- 16
06 Jan-12 Jan 2003 11 -- 21
13 Jan-19 Jan 2003 5 -- 28

Information Contacts: Dali Ahmad, Hetty Triastuty, Nia Haerani, and Suswati, Volcanological Survey of Indonesia (VSI), Jalan Diponegoro No. 57, Bandung 40122, Indonesia (URL: http://www.vsi.esdm.go.id/).

Weekly Reports - Index


2010: April
2002: October


21 April-27 April 2010 Citation IconCite this Report

Based on analyses of satellite imagery, the Darwin VAAC reported that on 23 April a possible ash plume from Tongkoko rose to an altitude of 10.7 km (35,000 ft) a.s.l. [Note: The Darwin VAAC later stated that, according to CVGHM, the plume was caused by a fire and not an eruption.]

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)


30 October-5 November 2002 Citation IconCite this Report

An increase in the number of volcanic earthquakes at Tongkoko since 24 October led VSI to raise the Alert Level from 1 to 2. The number of deep volcanic earthquakes decreased in comparison to the previous week. VSI reported that the increased number of shallow volcanic earthquakes indicated that seismicity was migrating to the surface.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)


16 October-22 October 2002 Citation IconCite this Report

Relocation of an observatory to the area near Tongkoko provided scientists with previously unavailable seismic data. During 7-14 October, four deep-volcanic events were recorded at Tongkoko. This is significant because the volcano has been in repose for almost 122 years. Tongkoko was at Alert Level 1 (on a scale of 1-4) (note: VSI later corrected Alert Level from 2).

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)


Bulletin Reports - Index

Reports are organized chronologically and indexed below by Month/Year (Publication Volume:Number), and include a one-line summary. Click on the index link or scroll down to read the reports.

09/2003 (BGVN 28:09) Volcanic earthquakes during October 2002-January 2003




Information is preliminary and subject to change. All times are local (unless otherwise noted)


September 2003 (BGVN 28:09) Citation IconCite this Report

Volcanic earthquakes during October 2002-January 2003

The Volcanological Survey of Indonesia (VSI) reported deep volcanic and A-type earthquakes at Tongkoko (also known as Tangkoko) over the period 7 October-24 November 2002 and more deep-volcanic events during 23 December 2002-19 January 2003 (table 1). The earthquakes, which began in May 2002, were recorded following relocation of an observatory post to Wainenet village in the Bitung area. The temperature at Batu Angus hot spring on 10 October 2002 was 70-73°C. While no visible activity has been observed, the hazard status was raised to Alert Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4) on 24 October 2002 as a result of the increased seismicity. The last recorded activity at Tongkoko consisted of flank lava flows and lava dome extrusion in 1880.

Table 1. Earthquakes recorded at Tongkoko, 7 October 2002-19 January 2003. In addition, one shallow volcanic event was recorded during 13-19 January 2003, and single B-type earthquakes each occurred during 21-27 October and 4-10 November 2002. Courtesy of VSI.

Date Deep Volcanic (B-type) Shallow volcanic (A-type) Tectonic
07 Oct-13 Oct 2002 4 -- --
14 Oct-20 Oct 2002 -- 12 23
21 Oct-27 Oct 2002 -- 9 34
28 Oct-03 Nov 2002 -- 17 19
04 Nov-10 Nov 2002 -- 9 38
11 Nov-18 Nov 2002 -- 2 37
19 Nov-24 Nov 2002 -- 2 25
23 Dec-29 Dec 2002 5 -- 16
06 Jan-12 Jan 2003 11 -- 21
13 Jan-19 Jan 2003 5 -- 28

Information Contacts: Dali Ahmad, Hetty Triastuty, Nia Haerani, and Suswati, Volcanological Survey of Indonesia (VSI), Jalan Diponegoro No. 57, Bandung 40122, Indonesia (URL: http://www.vsi.esdm.go.id/).

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 7 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

1880 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1

Episode 1 | Eruption Batu Angus
1880 - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Batu Angus

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Lava dome
1880    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1843 - 1846 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption Batu Angus
1843 - 1846 Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Batu Angus

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
1843    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1821 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 0

Episode 1 | Eruption Batu Angus Baru
1821 - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Batu Angus Baru

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
1821    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1801 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption Summit and east flank (Batu Angus)
1801 - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 6 Events for Episode 1 at Summit and east flank (Batu Angus)

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Lava dome
   - - - -    - - - - Cinder Cone
   - - - -    - - - - Property Damage
1801    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1694 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 3 (?)

Episode 1 | Eruption
1694 - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
1694    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1683 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 3

Episode 1 | Eruption
1683 - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
1683    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1680 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 5 (?)

Episode 1 | Eruption
1680 - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 4 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Ash violent, strong, or large
   - - - -    - - - - Property Damage
1680    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)
Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Tangkoko-Duasudara.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Tangkoko-Duasudara.

Photo Gallery

The 1149-m-high elongated Tongkoko volcano, seen in this composite photo from the south, rises above Bitung city and is the NE-most volcano on the island of Sulawesi. The summit of the volcano, which is elongated in a NW-SE direction, contains a large crater with a central cone. Historical eruptions have occurred since 1680 from both the summit and an east flank vent, Batu Angus. Tongkoko volcano and its neighbor Dua Saudara are the most prominent features of Gunung Dua Saudara National Park, a noted wildlife preserve.

Photo by A.R. Sumailani, 1973 (Volcanological Survey of Indonesia).
The forested summit of Tongkoko volcano at the NE tip of Sulawesi is truncated by a large elongated, 1 x 2 km wide crater that contains a central cone. In 1801 a crater lake was observed. Eruptions have occurred at Tongkoko during historical time from both summit and flank craters.

Photo by A.R. Sumailani, 1973 (Volcanological Survey of Indonesia).
The flat-topped Batu Angus lava dome formed on the east flank of Tongkoko volcano during an eruption in 1801. A lava flow traveled 2 km down the flank. The 1801 eruption also included formation of small cones at the bottom of the crater lake at the summit of the volcano.

Photo by A.R. Sumailani, 1973 (Volcanological Survey of Indonesia).
Tongkoko volcano, seen here from Lembe Island to the east, is a broad, 1149-m-high stratovolcano capped by a large summit crater. The lava dome Batu Angus, which formed in an eruption in 1801, can be seen on the east flank of the volcano in the center of the photo. Gunung Dua Saudara National Park, a noted wildlife preserve, extends from the volcanic highlands to offshore coral reefs.

Photo by Ruska Hadian (Volcanological Survey of Indonesia).
GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

The maps shown below have been scanned from the GVP map archives and include the volcano on this page. Clicking on the small images will load the full 300 dpi map. Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Tangkoko-Duasudara in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites