Steam emission unchanged
Steady white steam emission to heights of 30-250 m from vents near the summit continued through 1992, almost unchanged from previous years.
Information Contacts: JMA.
The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Niigata-Yakeyama.
Reports are organized chronologically and indexed below by Month/Year (Publication Volume:Number), and include a one-line summary. Click on the index link or scroll down to read the reports.
Eruption on 28 July causes ashfall over a wide area
Card 1895 (29 July 1974) Eruption on 28 July causes ashfall over a wide area
Mt. Yakeyama, which began erupting on 28 July, continues to belch smoke, spreading ashes over a wide area of Niigata Prefecture. The . . . mountain erupted at 0250 JST on 28 July for the first time in 25 years. Between 0.5 and 1 cm of ashes fell on cities and towns in the prefecture, including Joetsu and Arai. It was feared that mulberry trees, leaf tobacco, and vegetables had been seriously damaged by the ashes, and a helicopter was flown over the area to view the eruption and make a survey of the agricultural damage.
Information Contacts: Seismological Division, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA).
Activity continuing from near summit and W-flank fissure
Card 1904 (12 August 1974) Activity continuing from near summit and W-flank fissure
Mt. Yakeyama . . . continues to emit white smoke (figure 1). Except for minor activity, this is the first eruption in 25 years. The eruptions have been occurring in or near the summit crater of the lava dome, and most of the smoke is issuing from a 200-300-m-long fissure on the western flank of the lava dome. A survey team determined that a mudflow began at the upper reaches of the Hayakawa stream, and trees near the fissure crater were washed away. Three mountain-climbing students from the Chiba University, who were camped near the fissure crater, were killed by ejected fragments or poisonous gases.
Figure 1. Photograph showing white emissions from the flank of the central lava dome at Niigata-Yake-yama on 3 August 1974, three days after the first explosion. Courtesy of JMA. |
Information Contacts: Seismological Division, JMA.
Fresh ash on snow
On the morning of 15 April, a local resident noticed gray-tinted snow on the N flank and a plume near the summit area. On 18 April, a joint observation team from the firehouse, the district forestry office, and the city office of [Itoigawa] (20 km NE of the volcano), visited the summit area and found that ash had fallen on the snow over the N flank. Analysis of an ash sample at Niigata University showed that the ash was not freshly magmatic, but was composed of fragmented old rock that contained mainly plagioclase, amphibole, and pyroxene phenocrysts. No seismic activity was recorded, but no JMA seismograph is installed within 30 km of the volcano.
The volcano is a 400-m-high lava dome that rests on 2,000-m-high mountains underlain by sedimentary rock. During its last eruption, a phreatic explosion from fissures in the N and W flanks [near the summit] on 28 July 1974, three climbers were killed by ejecta, ash fell as far as 100 km to the NE damaging about 220 km2 of farmland, and two mudflows descended the N flank.
Information Contacts: JMA, Tokyo.
Small ash eruption; fuming
A small ash ejection is presumed to have occurred between late April and 1 May when brown snow was observed on the flank. At 1000 on 2 May fume clouds were rising 30-50 m from the NE part of the summit. Plume height reached 100 m on 4 May, and on 19 May 100-150-m-high clouds issued from three sites on the NE flank and one site on the SE flank. Similar activity was seen on 27 May, when seven sites were active; two emitted grayish fume and had yellow sublimates.
On 8 June fuming continued from one site at the summit and two sites on the upper NE flank, but at lesser volumes than in May. By 18 June the fume reached only 20-30 m. When observed on 19, 23, and 29 July, clouds rose 70-100 m from 2-3 sites on the upper NE flank and in the summit region. Eight fuming sites were visible on 7 August from the foot of the mountain and small amounts of white fume were rising 50-70 m. Observations on 7 and 11 August showed discoloration in the area from the summit to the upper E flank.
Information Contacts: Y. Sawada, JMA; D. Shackelford, Fullerton, CA.
Increased fume from summit, decrease from flank
Observations from the N foot of the volcano (8 km from the crater) on 7 September showed that the fuming from the upper NE flank was continuing. Summit fuming had visibly increased since 7 August observations, but fuming from the upper NE flank had decreased in volume. On 14 and 24 September, white vapors were seen rising from the E flank.
Information Contacts: Y. Sawada, JMA; D. Shackelford, Fullerton, CA.
Increased steaming, small ash eruption
A white steam plume was rising from the volcano's upper E flank during observations by the staff of Takada Weather Station (from sites 10-20 km away) 1 May 1987-September 1988. Emissions gradually declined, and after a 9 November 1988 visit, no plume was observed.
Moderate steam emission was seen again on 30 March 1989, with a white vapor plume rising 100-150 m from 2 areas on the upper E flank. Steam from the upper NE flank rose about 30-50 m on 15 April. Four days later, steam with a small amount of ash was emitted to about 100-150 m above the upper E flank, the first sighting of a gray plume since May 1987. Observations from Sasagamine (about 8 km SE) on 26 April revealed gray plumes rising 250-300 m from many sites on the upper E flank. A 30 April steam plume, about 300-400 m high and blown 600 m by the wind (figure 2), was the highest since May 1987. Access to the volcano has been closed to tourists.
Information Contacts: JMA.
Increased steaming
Steaming from vents near the summit has increased slightly since October. A seismometer installed near the volcano on 20 December recorded only 1 weak earthquake by 16 January. Steam emission has continued since late April 1987 (figure 1), when a small ash ejection occurred. Larger plumes in April 1989 also included ash.
Information Contacts: JMA.
Steam emission unchanged
Steady white steam emission to heights of 30-250 m from vents near the summit continued through 1992, almost unchanged from previous years.
Information Contacts: JMA.
This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.
Synonyms |
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Yake-yama | Tyausu-yama | Chausu-yama | Niigata-Yake-yama | ||||
Craters |
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Feature Name | Feature Type | Elevation | Latitude | Longitude |
Ohachi
Ohati |
Crater |
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There is data available for 20 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.
1998 Mar 30 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | Upper east flank | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1998 Mar 30 - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Upper east flank
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1997 Oct 29 - 1997 Dec 10 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | Upper east flank | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1997 Oct 29 - 1997 Dec 10 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Upper east flank
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1989 Apr 19 - 1989 Apr 26 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | Upper East flank | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1989 Apr 19 - 1989 Apr 26 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Upper East flank
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1987 Apr 25 ± 5 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1987 Apr 25 ± 5 days - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 3 Events for Episode 1
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1983 Apr 14 (?) - 1983 Apr 15 (?) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1983 Apr 14 (?) - 1983 Apr 15 (?) | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 3 Events for Episode 1
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1974 Jul 28 - 1974 Jul 28 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | WNW and NNE side of lava dome | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1974 Jul 28 - 1974 Jul 28 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 7 Events for Episode 1 at WNW and NNE side of lava dome
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1963 Jul 10 - 1963 Sep 30 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1963 Jul 10 - 1963 Sep 30 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||
List of 2 Events for Episode 1
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1963 Feb 14 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1963 Feb 14 - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||
List of 2 Events for Episode 1
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1962 Mar 14 - 1962 Mar 14 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1962 Mar 14 - 1962 Mar 14 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 3 Events for Episode 1
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1949 Feb 5 - 1949 Sep 13 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | NE-SW fissures, both sides of summit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1949 Feb 5 - 1949 Sep 13 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 6 Events for Episode 1 at NE-SW fissures, both sides of summit
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1854 Confirmed Eruption
Episode 1 | Eruption | NW flank | ||||||||||||||
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1854 - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||
List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at NW flank
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1852 Nov 1 - 1853 May (?) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | NW flank | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1852 Nov 1 - 1853 May (?) | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at NW flank
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1773 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 3
Episode 1 | Eruption | Koyaike Ash; tephra layer KG-a | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1773 - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 5 Events for Episode 1 at Koyaike Ash; tephra layer KG-a
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1361 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 3
Episode 1 | Eruption | Koyaike Ash; tephra layer KG-b | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1361 - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 7 Events for Episode 1 at Koyaike Ash; tephra layer KG-b
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0989 Confirmed Eruption
Episode 1 | Eruption | Koyaike Ash; tephra layer KG-c? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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0989 - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Koyaike Ash; tephra layer KG-c?
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0887 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 4
Episode 1 | Eruption | Koyaike Ash; tephra layer KG-c | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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0887 - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 7 Events for Episode 1 at Koyaike Ash; tephra layer KG-c
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0813 (?) Confirmed Eruption
Episode 1 | Eruption | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0813 (?) - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 4 Events for Episode 1
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0700 BCE ± 100 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 3
Episode 1 | Eruption | Koyaike Ash; tephra layer KG-d | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0700 BCE ± 100 years - Unknown | Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Koyaike Ash; tephra layer KG-d
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1750 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption
Episode 1 | Eruption | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1750 BCE (?) - Unknown | Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 4 Events for Episode 1
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1900 BCE ± 1050 years Confirmed Eruption
Episode 1 | Eruption | Koyaike Ash; tephra layer KG-e | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1900 BCE ± 1050 years - Unknown | Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 6 Events for Episode 1 at Koyaike Ash; tephra layer KG-e
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There is no Deformation History data available for Niigata-Yakeyama.
There is no Emissions History data available for Niigata-Yakeyama.
Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.
The maps shown below have been scanned from the GVP map archives and include the volcano on this page. Clicking on the small images will load the full 300 dpi map. Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included.
There are no samples for Niigata-Yakeyama in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.
Copernicus Browser | The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions. |
MIROVA | Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity. |
MODVOLC Thermal Alerts | Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales. |
WOVOdat
Single Volcano View Temporal Evolution of Unrest Side by Side Volcanoes |
WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.
GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments. |
Volcanic Hazard Maps | The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter. |
IRIS seismic stations/networks | Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Niigata-Yakeyama. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice. |
UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations | Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Niigata-Yakeyama. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player. |
DECADE Data | The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO2 to the atmosphere, but installing CO2 monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere. |
Large Eruptions of Niigata-Yakeyama | Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA). |
EarthChem | EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS). |