Aira | 3 November-9 November 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

JMA reported that incandescence from Minamidake Crater (at Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) was visible at night during 1-8 November. An eruption at 2225 on 2 November produced a plume that rose 1.1 km above the crater rim and drifted SW. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was 1,000 tons per day on 4 November. Very small eruptions were detected during 5-8 November. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and residents were warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.

Sources: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

Ebeko | 3 November-9 November 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, an explosion on 2 November produced an ash plume that rose as high as 2.6 km (8,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Great Sitkin | 3 November-9 November 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

AVO reported that lava flows at Great Sitkin were approximately 680 m long on the W flank, 560 m long on the S flank, and 90 m long on the N flank by 30 October based on satellite images. Lava effusion probably continued during 3-9 November, though weather clouds prevented visual confirmation. Elevated surface temperatures were occasionally detected in satellite images during 2-3 and 5-6 November. Seismicity was low overall, though slightly increased during 6-7 November. The Aviation Color Code and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Orange and Watch, respectively.

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Kadovar | 3 November-9 November 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Based on satellite and wind model data, the Darwin VAAC reported that on 3 and 5 November ash plumes from Kadovar rose to an altitude of 1.5 km (5,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W.

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

Kilauea | 3 November-9 November 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

HVO reported that the summit eruption at Kilauea continued during 2-9 November at a vent in the lower W wall of Halema`uma`u Crater. Lava entered the lake through a short channel in the E part of the W wall cone, feeding the lake which had risen 56 m since 29 September; the channel was covered with a cooled crust by 3 November. Lava began to flow over the E edge of the lava lake, which is perched above the crater floor, by 4 November. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was 1,700-2,900 tonnes per day during 3-5 November and 250 tonnes per day during 7-8 November. Low roiling and bursts of spatter from the small perched pond in the W vent cone were observed; activity at the vent had decreased by 8 November, along with the area of active lava at the surface of the main lava lake, then returned to higher levels by 9 November. The Aviation Color Code and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Orange and Watch, respectively.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

La Palma | 3 November-9 November 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

The eruption at La Palma continued during 2-9 November, characterized by Strombolian explosions and lava fountaining from multiple vents, advancing and branching lava flows, and daily ash emissions. Eruption details are based on official sources including PEVOLCA (Plan de Emergencias Volcánicas de Canarias) steering committee daily summaries. Volcanic tremor levels decreased around noon on 2 November and again during 4-5 November, and remained at low levels through 9 November. Most earthquakes were located 10-15 km deep (though some were as deep as 38 km); dozens of events were felt by local residents and some were felt across the entire island. At 0824 on 3 November a M 4.8 located 36 km deep was followed three seconds later by a M 5 at 35 km depth; they were perceived by residents as one long event; the M 5 was the largest earthquake of the week. Two other notable earthquakes occurred consecutively; a M 4.6 at a depth of 37 km at 1807 on 7 November was followed eight seconds later by a M 4.5 at 38 km depth. Some of the larger earthquakes were felt across La Palma Island, as well as in some areas of La Gomera and Tenerife islands. In general, decreases were observed in the levels of seismicity, tremor, deformation, and sulfur dioxide emissions, though by 9 November the data continued to fluctuate with no consistent trends.

The vents in the main cone continued to effuse lava, eject tephra, sometimes producing dense billowing ash-and-gas plumes that rose 2.5-3.5 km (8,200-11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted WSW, SW, and SSE. Several vents in the main cone were active, though the activity levels varied in intensity throughout the week. Weather conditions and large amounts of emitted ash resulted in air quality alerts issued daily by authorities as they warned residents of some affected areas (Los Llanos de Aridane, Tazacorte, El Paso, Puntagorda, and Tijarafe) to stay indoors; air quality was “extremely unfavorable” on most days then upgraded to “unfavorable” on 9 November. Sulfur dioxide emissions fluctuated at high levels between 9,000 and 31,300 tons per day and showed an overall decrease. On 5 November photos showed sulfur deposits on the E flank on the main cone and in other areas near vents emitting volcanic gases.

Lava continued to flow west through pre-existing lava channels and tubes, over older flows, and occasionally formed new branches. The flows were numbered 1-11. Flow 11 originated at the end of October along the upper central part of the S margin of the flow field, N of Montaña Cogote; by 3 November it was 100 m from the LP-211 road and on 6 November the advancement rate increased. Lava number 2, located between the main flow, number 1, that had reached the ocean on 21 September and flow number 9 which had previously branched off of the main flow to the S, advanced during 8-9 November. The flow reached the sea cliff at Los Guirres Beach and then entered the ocean at 0245 on 9 November. Overall, the flow field covered an estimated 9.84 square kilometers by 8 November.

Sources: Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN), Gobierno de Canaries

Merapi | 3 November-9 November 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

BPPTKG reported no morphological changes to Merapi’s SW lava dome, located just below the SW rim, and in the summit crater during 29 October-4 November. As many as 106 lava avalanches traveled a maximum of 2 km SW. One pyroclastic flow traveled 2 km SW. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-5 km away from the summit based on location.

Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)

Nevado del Ruiz | 3 November-9 November 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

On 9 November Servicio Geológico Colombiano’s (SGC) Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Manizales reported that intense seismicity at Nevado del Ruiz had been recorded for the previous few weeks. Deformation data indicated minor changes. Low-temperature thermal anomalies were visible in satellite images during the previous week. Gas-and-steam emissions were sometimes visible in satellite data and webcam images rising as high as 1.9 km above the summit and drifting NE and E. These emissions sometimes contained ash; during 0735-0815 on 3 November an ash plume rose 1.4 km above the summit. Ash emissions on 7 November drifted W and NW, causing ashfall in Manizales and Villamar?a, both 25 km NW. The La Nubia airport temporarily suspended operations. The Alert Level remained at 3 (Yellow; the second lowest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC)

Pavlof | 3 November-9 November 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

AVO reported that the eruption at Pavlof continued during 3-9 November and was focused at a vent on the upper NE flank. Seismicity remained elevated; several small explosions and discontinuous tremor were recorded during 5-8 November with increased frequency compared to the previous week. The explosions likely produced small, low-level ash plumes, though weather clouds often prevented confirmation by satellite and webcam images. Elevated surface temperatures were visible in satellite images overnight during 7-8 November, coincident with the emplacement of a 30-m-long lava flow. Small diffuse ash plumes were visible in webcam images and dissipated quickly. Elevated surface temperatures remained visible through 9 November. The Volcano Alert Level and Aviation Color Code remained at Watch and Orange, respectively.

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Semisopochnoi | 3 November-9 November 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

AVO reported that eruptive activity at Semisopochnoi's North Cerberus crater continued during 2-9 November. Daily tremor and minor explosions were detected in seismic and infrasound data. Several small low-level ash plumes were visible in webcam data rising to an estimated altitude of 1.5 (5,000 ft) a.s.l. during 2-3 November. Weather clouds obscured views during 4-7 November with the top of the cloud deck varying at altitudes of 3-6.1 km (10,000-20,000 ft) a.s.l.; ash plumes likely continued to be emitted though none rose above the cloud deck. Ash plumes were typically dissipating within 50 km of the volcano. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch.

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Sheveluch | 3 November-9 November 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Sheveluch was identified in satellite images during 29 October-5 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Suwanosejima | 3 November-9 November 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

JMA reported that seven explosions at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater were recorded during 1-8 November. The explosions produced ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km above the crater rim and ejected material 300-600 m from the carter. Ashfall was reported in Toshima village (4 km SSW) during 1-5 November. The Alert Level remained at 3 and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Taal | 3 November-9 November 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

PHIVOLCS reported that a series of volcanic earthquakes at Taal began at 0347 on 3 November and lasted for two minutes based on the seismic data; the events were felt at Intensity I in Banyaga, Agoncillo, and Batangas, and the largest event was a local M 2.9. The events were accompanied by a series of four short-lived plumes that rose less than 1 km above the lake. The characteristics of the seismic signals were similar to the phreatic bursts recorded in July. Upwelling hot volcanic fluids were visible in the crater lake during 3-9 November, and gas-and-steam plumes rose 0.9-1.8 km above the lake and drifted mainly SW. Sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 4,877-19,463 tonnes/day. Low-level background tremor continued along with as many as 111 volcanic earthquakes per day during 2-3 and 5-9 November and as many as 85 low-frequency volcanic earthquakes per day during 2-3 and 7-8 November. There were also 6-40 daily episodes of volcanic tremor, each lasting between 1 and 19 minutes. The Volcano Alert Level remained at a 2 (on a scale of 0-5). PHIVOLCS reminded the public that the entire Taal Volcano Island is a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and that boating on Taal Lake was prohibited.

Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Telica | 3 November-9 November 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

INETER reported that at 1650 on 28 October a small explosion from Telica produced an ash plume that rose 150 m above the crater rim and deposited ash on the NW flank. The event was followed by a small series of low-energy explosions that generated ash plumes that rose 300 m high and drifted N and NE. Minor ashfall was reported in Aguas Frías.

Source: Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (INETER)

Villarrica | 3 November-9 November 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

According to the Buenos Aires VAAC an ash plume from Villarrica rose to 3.4 km (11,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE on 6 November.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

Whakaari/White Island | 3 November-9 November 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

On 9 November GeoNet reported results from a recent overflight of Whakaari/White Island. Gas measurements showed that sulfur dioxide emissions had increased from 267 tons per day recorded on 14 October to 681 tons per day. Additionally, carbon dioxide increased from 757 to 2712 tons per day and hydrogen sulfide increased from 10 to 38 tons per day. The gas data suggested that a pulse of gas was rising from molten material at depth. Temperatures in the main vent area were as high as 252 degrees Celsius, similar to temperatures first measured in September and onward. Very minor ash emissions were visible and deposits only extended around the active vents. The lake had slightly deepened from recent rainfall. The Volcanic Alert Level remained at 2 and the Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow.

Source: GeoNet