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Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Weekly Volcanic Activity Map

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 4 December-10 December 2024
Name Country Volcanic Province Eruption Start Date Report Status
Ahyi United States Mariana Volcanic Arc 2024 Aug 5 New
Dempo Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc — New
Dukono Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 1933 Aug 13 New
Ibu Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 2008 Apr 5 New
Kanlaon Philippines Negros-Sulu Volcanic Arc 2024 Oct 19 New
Kuchinoerabujima Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc — New
Reykjanes Iceland Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province — New
Copahue Chile-Argentina Southern Andean Volcanic Arc — Continuing
Ebeko Russia Kuril Volcanic Arc 2022 Jun 11 Continuing
Great Sitkin United States Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc 2021 May 25 Continuing
Karymsky Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 2024 Jun 20 Continuing
Lewotobi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2023 Dec 23 Continuing
Manam Papua New Guinea Bismarck Volcanic Arc 2018 May 10 ± 10 days Continuing
Merapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2020 Dec 31 Continuing
Nevado del Ruiz Colombia Northern Andean Volcanic Arc 2014 Nov 18 Continuing
Nyamulagira DR Congo Albertine Rift Volcanic Province 2018 Apr 18 Continuing
Reventador Ecuador Northern Andean Volcanic Arc 2008 Jul 27 Continuing
Sabancaya Peru Central Andean Volcanic Arc 2016 Nov 6 Continuing
Sangay Ecuador Northern Andean Volcanic Arc 2019 Mar 26 Continuing
Semeru Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2017 Jun 6 Continuing
Sheveluch Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 1999 Aug 15 Continuing
Stromboli Italy Aeolian Volcanic Arc 1934 Feb 2 Continuing
Suwanosejima Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2004 Oct 23 Continuing
Taal Philippines Taiwan-Luzon Volcanic Arc 2024 Apr 12 Continuing
All times are local unless otherwise stated.
Weekly Reports Archive

Since the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report began in November 2000, there have been 20,792 individual reports over 1,251 weeks (average of 17 per week) on 338 different volcanoes.

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Adams Cotopaxi Iliwerung Llaima Popocatepetl Sumisujima
Agung Cuicocha Inielika Lokon-Empung Purace Sundoro
Ahyi Cumbal Ioto Lonquimay Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Suoh
Aira Dabbahu Irazu Lopevi Rabaul Suretamatai
Akan Davidof Iwatesan Machin Raikoke Suwanosejima
Alaid Dempo Iya Makushin Ranakah Taal
Alu-Dalafilla Descabezado Grande Izu-Torishima Maly Semyachik Raoul Island Tair, Jebel at
Ambae Dieng Volcanic Complex Jackson Segment Manam Rasshua Takawangha
Ambang Dukono Kaba Manda Hararo Raung Talang
Ambrym East Epi Kadovar Marapi Redoubt Tambora
Anatahan Ebeko Kaitoku Seamount Maroa Reventador Tanaga
Aniakchak Ebulobo Kama'ehuakanaloa Martin Reykjanes Tandikat-Singgalang
Antillanca Volcanic Complex Edgecumbe Kambalny Masaya Rincon de la Vieja Tangkoko-Duasudara
Antuco Egon Kanaga Matthew Island Rinjani Tangkuban Parahu
Apoyeque Ekarma Kanlaon Maule, Laguna del Ritter Island Tara, Batu
Arenal Eldey Karangetang Mauna Loa Rotorua Ta'u
Asamayama Erebus Karkar Mayon Ruang Taupo
Askja Erta Ale Karthala McDonald Islands Ruapehu Telica
Asosan Etna Karymsky Melebingoy Ruby Tenerife
Atka Volcanic Complex Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] Kasatochi Melimoyu Ruiz, Nevado del Tengger Caldera
Augustine Eyjafjallajokull Katla Merapi Sabancaya Three Sisters
Avachinsky Fagradalsfjall Katmai Midagahara Sakar Tinakula
Awu Fernandina Kavachi Misti, El Salak Tofua
Axial Seamount Fogo Kelimutu Miyakejima San Cristobal Tokachidake
Azul, Cerro Fonualei Kelud Momotombo San Miguel Tolbachik
Azumayama Fournaise, Piton de la Kerinci Monowai San Vicente Toliman
Bagana Fourpeaked Ketoi Montagu Island Sangay Tongariro
Balbi Fuego Kharimkotan Moyorodake [Medvezhia] Sangeang Api Trident
Bamus Fujisan Kick 'em Jenny Mutnovsky Santa Ana Tungurahua
Banda Api Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba Kie Besi Myojinsho Santa Maria Turrialba
Bardarbunga Galeras Kikai Nabro Sao Jorge Ubinas
Barren Island Galunggung Kilauea Negra, Sierra Sarigan Ugashik-Peulik
Batur Gamalama Kirishimayama Negro, Cerro Sarychev Peak Ukinrek Maars
Bezymianny Gamkonora Kita-Ioto Nightingale Island Saunders Ulawun
Bogoslof Gareloi Kizimen Nishinoshima Savo Unnamed
Brava Gaua Klyuchevskoy Nisyros Semeru Unnamed
Bristol Island Gorely Kolokol Group Novarupta Semisopochnoi Veniaminof
Bulusan Great Sitkin Koryaksky NW Rota-1 Seulawah Agam Villarrica
Calbuco Grimsvotn Krakatau Nyamulagira Sheveluch Vulcano
Callaqui Guagua Pichincha Krummel-Garbuna-Welcker Nyiragongo Shishaldin West Mata
Cameroon Guallatiri Krysuvik-Trolladyngja Ofu-Olosega Simbo Westdahl
Campi Flegrei Guntur Kuchinoerabujima Okataina Sinabung Whakaari/White Island
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia Hachijojima Kurikomayama Okmok Sinarka Witori
Cayambe Hakoneyama Kusatsu-Shiranesan Ontakesan Siple Wolf
Chachadake [Tiatia] Heard Kverkfjoll Oraefajokull Sirung Wrangell
Chaiten Hekla La Palma Osorno Slamet Yakedake
Chiginagak Helgrindur Lamington Pacaya Snaefellsjokull Yasur
Chikurachki Hierro Lamongan Pagan Soputan Yellowstone
Chiles-Cerro Negro Hokkaido-Komagatake Langila Palena Volcanic Group Sorikmarapi Yufu-Tsurumi
Chillan, Nevados de Home Reef Lanin Paluweh Sotara Zaozan [Zaosan]
Chirinkotan Hood Lascar Panarea Soufriere Hills Zavodovski
Chirpoi Huaynaputina Late Papandayan Soufriere St. Vincent Zhupanovsky
Ciremai Hudson, Cerro Lateiki Pavlof South Sarigan Seamount Zubair Group
Cleveland Huila, Nevado del Lengai, Ol Doinyo Pelee Spurr
Colima Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Leroboleng Peuet Sague St. Helens
Colo Ibu Lewotobi Pinatubo Stromboli
Concepcion Ijen Lewotolok Planchon-Peteroa Sulu Range
Copahue Iliamna Little Sitkin Poas Sumbing
 News Feeds and Google Placemarks


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The RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feed is identical to the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report minus some features including the header information (latitude and longitude and summit elevation), the Geologic Summary, and a link to the volcano's page from the Global Volcanism Program. At the end of each report is a list of the sources used. Each volcano report includes a link from the volcano's name back to the more complete information in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report on the Smithsonian website. This feature was first made available on 5 March 2008.


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A Google Earth network link for the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report can be loaded into the free Google Earth software, and in turn will load placemarks for volcanoes in the current weekly report. Placemark balloons include the volcano name, report date, report text, sources, and links back to the GVP volcano profile page and to the complete Weekly Report for that week. This feature was first made available on 1 April 2009.

 Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria



The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers



1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

4. Many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source.

5. USGS Disclaimer Statement for this Website:

Information presented on this website is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. Use of appropriate byline/photo/image credit is requested. We strongly recommend that USGS data be acquired directly from a USGS server and not through other sources that may change the data in some way. While USGS makes every effort to provide accurate and complete information, various data such as names, telephone numbers, etc. may change prior to updating. USGS welcomes suggestions on how to improve our home page and correct errors. USGS provides no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of furnished data.

Some of the documents on this server may contain live references (or pointers) to information created and maintained by other organizations. Please note that USGS does not control and cannot guarantee the relevance, timeliness, or accuracy of these outside materials.

For site security purposes and to ensure that this service remains available to all users, this government computer system employs software programs to monitor network traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to upload or change information, or otherwise cause damage. Unauthorized attempts to upload information or change information on this website are strictly prohibited and may be punishable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act. Information may also be used for authorized law enforcement investigations. (Last modified September 21, 1999.)

U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm

 Acronyms and Abbreviations

a.s.l. - above sea level

AVO - Alaska Volcano Observatory

AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CENAPRED - Centro Nacionale de Prevencion de Desastres (México)

CONRED - Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres

COSPEC - Correlation Spectrometer

CVGHM (formerly VSI) - Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation

CVO - Cascades Volcano Observatory (USGS)

GMS - Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GVO - Goma Volcano Observatory

GVP - Global Volcanism Program (Smithsonian Institution)

HVO - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS)

ICE - Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Costa Rica)

IG - Instituto Geofísico (Ecuador)

IGNS - Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (New Zealand) - now GNS Science

INETER - Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaragua)

INGEMMET - Instituto Geológical Minero y Metalúrgico (Peru)

INGEOMINAS - Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería (Colombia)

INGV-CT - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (Italy)

INSIVUMEH - Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrologia (Guatemala)

IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France)

JMA - Japanese Meteorological Agency

KEMSD - Kamchatkan Experimental and Methodical Seismilogical Department

KVERT - Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team

M - magnitude

METEOSAT - Meteorological Satellite

MEVO - Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory

MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MVO - Montserrat Volcano Observatory

MWO - Meteorological Watch Office

NEIC - National Earthquake Information Center

NIED - National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan)

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOTAM - Notice to Airmen

OVDAS - Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (Chile)

OFDA - Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance

ONEMI - Oficina Nacional de Emergencia - Ministerio del Interior (Chile)

OVPDLF - Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (France)

OVSICORI-UNA - Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Philippines)

RSAM - Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement

RVO - Rabaul Volcano Observatory

SERNAGEOMIN - Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (Chile)

SIGMET - Significant Meteorological Information

SNET - Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (El Salvador)

SVERT - Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (Russia)

USAID - US Agency for International Development

USGS - United States Geological Survey

UTC - Coordinated Universal Time

VAAC - Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

VAFTAD - Volcanic Ash Forecast Transport And Dispersion

VDAP - Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (USGS)

VHP - Volcano Hazards Program (USGS)

VRC - Volcano Research Center (Japan)

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Report for Ahyi
Several plumes of discolored water surrounding Ahyi Seamount were identified in satellite images during 30 November-6 December, indicating continued low-level unrest. No significant signals were identified in data from underwater pressure sensors near Wake Island (about 2,270 km E of Ahyi), though submarine plumes are sometimes observed without clear hydroacoustic evidence of eruptive activity. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Advisory (the second lowest level on a four-level scale).
Source: US Geological Survey
Report for Dempo
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that there were four eruptive events at Dempo during 2024, on 27 and 31 May, then later in the year on 23 and 26 November. The event on 26 November occurred at 2031 and produced a white emissions containing ash that drifted N and NW. No additional eruptive events were recorded through 10 December. Weather conditions often prevented visual observations. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public were reminded to stay 1 km away from the crater and as far as 2 km on the N flank.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Dukono
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Dukono was ongoing during 4-10 December. Gray-and-white ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose as high as 3.5 km above the summit and drifted in multiple directions on 4, 6, and 10 December. Dense white, gray, and black ash plumes rose up to 4.8 km above the summit and drifted NW on 7 December and rose 500-1,000 m above the summit and drifted E on 9 December. Emissions were not observed on 5 December, but white plumes rose 100 m and drifted N on 8 December. On 11 December the hazard exclusion zone was increased to 4 km from the Malupang Warirang Crater. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4).
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Ibu
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 4-10 December. Daily gray or white-and-gray ash plumes that were often dense rose as high as 1.2 km above the summit and drifted NE, SE, and SW. Webcam images posted with the reports showed incandescence at the summit of the inner active cone. the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater in all other directions. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 5.5 km away from the N crater wall opening.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Kanlaon
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported a continuing eruption at Kanlaon during 3-10 December and an escalation in activity on 9 December. The seismic network recorded 6-22 daily volcanic earthquakes, and sulfur dioxide emissions ranged from 1,669 to 6,432 tonnes per day. Gas-and-steam emissions that were mostly continuous and often voluminous rose 200-500 m above the summit and drifted mainly W, WSW, and SW. There were 1-6 ash emission events during 3-5 and 7-8 December, with each lasting 3-40 minutes.

An explosive eruption occurred at 1503 on 9 December and lasted three minutes and 55 seconds. A voluminous ash plume rapidly rose 4 km above the crater rim and drifted WSW. Pyroclastic flows traveled 2-3.4 km down the SE flanks. The Alert Level was raised to 3 (on a scale of 0-5) and local governments were advised to evacuate residents within a 6 km radius. According to news articles ashfall was reported in 30 cities and towns across the municipalities of Negros Occidental, Guimaras, Iloilo, and Antique. A sulfur odor was noted in several barangays and in Bago City (20 km NW). Several schools in those areas suspended classes. The Disaster Response Operations Monitoring and Information Center (DROMIC) report issued on 10 December stated that 12,172 people (3,616 families) had evacuated mainly from Bago City, La Carlota City (14 km W), and La Castellana (16 km SW), with fewer people from Moises Padilla (17 km SSW), Magalion (14 km SSW), Murcia, Pontevedra, and Canlaon City (10 km ESE). There were 12,010 evacuees spread across 24 evacuation centers and 162 people were staying with friends or relatives.
Sources: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), Disaster Response Operations Monitoring and Information Center (DROMIC), Philippine News Agency (PNA)
Report for Kuchinoerabujima
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that the number of shallow volcanic earthquakes increased beneath Kuchinoerabujima’s Furudake Crater with 30 earthquakes recorded during 5-6 December. No changes to geothermal areas located in and around both Shindake and Furudake craters were observed during field surveys conducted on 20 and 23 November as well as 3 and 5 December. Sulfur dioxide emissions were low, fluctuating between 30 and 60 tons per day in December, and no ground deformation had been detected since November 2023. The Alert Level was raised to 2 (on a scale of 1-5) at 0800 on 6 December and the public was warned to be cautious within a 1 km radius of both craters and within 2 km on the W flank of Shindake Crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Reykjanes
The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) reported that the eruption that began on 20 November at the Sundhnúkur crater row in a location between Stóra-Skógfell and Sýlingarfell, within the Reykjanes volcanic system, likely ended on 8 December. Activity at the main cone had slowly decreased over the previous days along with tremor levels. The comparison of InSAR images acquired on 30 November and 4 December, as well as deformation data from several GPS stations, indicated that inflation had resumed at Svartsengi from the accumulation of magma beneath the region. Air pollution from volcanic gases persisted at least through 6 December even though activity at the crater was declining. Incandescence at the cone was last observed in webcam images at around 0700 on 8 December and no activity was observed during a drone overflight at 1400 on 9 December. The eruption lasted for 18 days. On 9 December the Aviation Color Code was lowered to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale).
Source: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO)
Report for Copahue
The Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN) reported lower levels of activity at Copahue during 16-30 November. Sulfur dioxide emissions were low, averaging 529 ± 79 tons per day (t/d) with a maximum value of 907 t/d detected on 24 November. No thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images. Gas plumes rose 280 m above the crater rim and did not contain ash. No crater incandescence was observed at night. Deformation data showed a minor change from deflation to inflation. Seismic data indicated a more stable pattern. The water lake in the summit crater had returned and grown to 9,340 square meters by 30 November. In general activity levels were low. On 6 December the Alert Level was lowered to Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale).
Source: Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN)
Report for Ebeko
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that moderate activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 28 November-5 December. A weak thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images on 5 December; weather conditions prevented views on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Great Sitkin
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick lava flow in Great Sitkin’s summit crater during 3-10 December. Minor lava flow advancement along the N margins has gradually filled the summit crater. The local seismic network continued to detect small earthquakes associated with the ongoing eruption. Weather clouds obscured webcam and satellite views of the summit most of the week, though elevated surface temperatures were identified in satellite images during 3-4 December and minor steaming was visible in webcam images during 9-10 December. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
Report for Karymsky
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported moderate levels of activity at Karymsky during 28 November-5 December. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images on 3 December; weather conditions prevented views on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Lewotobi
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity continued at Lewotobi Laki-laki during 4-10 December. The maximum heights of white-and-gray plumes decreased during the first part of the week, rising to 1.5 km, 1.2 km, and 500 m above the summit on 4, 5, and 6 December, respectively. The plumes drifted in multiple directions. On 6 December the exclusion zone was modified, prohibiting entry within a radius of 6 km from the center of Laki-laki and 7 km in a semicircle counterclockwise from the NE to the SW. White plumes rose 100-300 m above the summit and drifted W and NW on 7 and 10 December; no emissions were visible during 8-9 December. White-and-gray ash plumes rose as high as 2 km above the summit and drifted SW and W on 10 December. The Alert Level remained at 4 (on a scale of 1-4).
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Manam
The Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) reported that ash emissions from Manam were identified in satellite images at 1330 and 2220 on 4 December drifting W and WNW at an altitude of 2.1 km (7,000 ft) a.s.l.
Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)
Report for Merapi
The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 29 November-5 December. Seismicity remained at high levels. The SW lava dome produced 84 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.8 km SW down the Bebeng drainage, eight that traveled SW down the Krasak drainage, and one that traveled 500 m W down the Senowo drainage. At 1642 on 5 December a pyroclastic flow descended 1.4 km along the Krasak drainage for nearly two minutes. Morphological changes to the SW lava dome resulted from continuing effusion and collapses of material. The SW dome grew larger and was an estimated 3,272,300 cubic meters based on an analysis of webcam images. The volume of the main crater was stable at an estimated 2,361,800 cubic meters. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)
Report for Nevado del Ruiz
The Servicio Geológico Colombiano’s (SGC) Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Manizales reported that eruptive activity at Nevado del Ruiz continued during 3-9 December. The number of seismic events associated with fluid movement decreased in number but increased in magnitude compared to the previous week. Additionally, the number of low-level, long-duration events decreased. Webcam images confirmed that higher-temperature ejecta was sometimes associated with seismic signals indicating pulsating ash emissions that rose as high as 2.5 km above the crater rim. A period of continuous ash emissions began on 29 November and ceased during the morning of 3 December. Seismicity associated with rock fracturing remained similar in number but slightly increased in magnitude compared to the previous week. The earthquakes were located below Arenas Crater, and mainly beneath the NE and SE flanks within a distance of 6 km, and had depths of 1-8 km. The largest earthquake, a M 2.5, was recorded at 0956 on 8 December located 2 km SE of the crater at a depth of 4 km. Low-to-moderate thermal anomalies on the crater floor were identified in satellite data when weather permitted. Gas plumes generally rose less than 1 km above the crater rim and drifted NW, W, and SW. Significant levels of sulfur dioxide emissions were detected in satellite data, similar to previous weeks. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-level scale), and the public was warned to stay out of the restricted areas around Arenas Crater, not to spend long periods of time on the Murillo-Cerro Gualí Road, and to avoid drainages in the high-threat zones.
Source: Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC)
Report for Nyamulagira
A 7 December satellite image showed continuing activity at Nyamuragira. A thermal anomaly in the summit crater was visible, though weather and/or volcanic emissions obscured more than half of the crater. The most intense area was just NE of the central part of the crater.
Source: Copernicus
Report for Reventador
The Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that an eruption at Reventador was ongoing during 3-10 December. Seismicity was characterized by 13-77 daily explosions, long-period earthquakes, harmonic tremor, and tremor associated with emissions. Daily ash-and-gas plumes were observed in webcam images and/or satellite images rising 200-1,300 m above the crater and drifted SW, SSW, WNW, and NW. Incandescent material was observed in webcam images multiple times nightly descending the flanks as far as 1 km below the crater rim. Weather conditions occasionally obscured views. Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos maintained the Alert Level at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR)
Report for Sabancaya
The Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that the eruption at Sabancaya continued during 2-9 December with a daily average of seven explosions. Gas-and-ash plumes rose as high as 1.6 km above the summit and drifted less than 10 km NW and W. Thermal anomalies over the lava dome in the summit crater were identified in satellite data. Sulfur dioxide emissions were at low levels, averaging 379 tons per day. No significant deformation was detected. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay outside of a 12 km radius from the summit.
Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)
Report for Sangay
The Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that eruptive activity continued at Sangay during 3-10 December. The seismic network recorded 271-325 daily explosions during 3-5 December and 8-81 daily explosions during 6-10 December. Gas-and-ash plumes visible in webcam and/or satellite images rose 700-900 m above the summit and drifted SW and W on 3, 5, and 7 December. Weather clouds obscured views of the volcano on the other days. Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR)
Report for Semeru
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity continued at Semeru during 4-10 December with several daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. White-and-gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose 300-900 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions during 4-7 December. Emissions were not observed during 8-10 December. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Sheveluch
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that lava extrusion may have continued at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the dome at Young Sheveluch during 28 November-5 December. Daily thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Stromboli
Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) reported that eruptive activity continued at Stromboli during 2-8 December. Webcam images showed Strombolian activity at four vents in Area N within the upper part of the Sciara del Fuoco and at three vents in Area C-S (South-Central Crater) on the crater terrace. The vents in Area N continued to produce low-to-medium intensity explosions at a rate of 9-13 events per hour, ejecting lapilli and bombs less than 150 m above the vents. Spattering continued and was sometimes intense, especially on 2, 4, 6, and 8 December. Explosions at the vents in Area C-S ejected tephra more than 250 m above the vent at a rate of 3-8 events per hour. Intense spattering at Area N, especially at vent N2, was followed a lava overflow of the crater at 0309 on 4 December and the formation of a lava flow. The flow descended the upper-middle part of the Sciara del Fuoco and was active for about two hours, until 0545.
Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV)
Report for Suwanosejima
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 2-9 December. Crater incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. Eruptive events at 0901 and 1158 on 3 December produced ash plumes that rose 1.2 km above the crater rim and drifted S. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1.5 km away from the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Taal
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported continuing eruptive activity at Taal during 4-10 December. Daily emissions rose 0.3-1.2 km above the crater rim and drifted SW and WSW. There were 2-5 periods of volcanic tremor during 5-8 December, with each period lasting 2-8 minutes. A volcanic earthquake was recorded on 8 December. Sulfur dioxide gas flux averaged 1,207-3,964 tonnes per day (t/d) on 4, 7, and 9 December. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 0-5); PHIVOLCS reminded the public that the entire Taal Volcano Island was a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and recommended that the Main Crater and areas along the Daang Kastila fissure should remain prohibited.
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)