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Kaitoku Seamount

No photo available for this volcano
  • Country
  • Volcanic Region
  • Landform | Volc Type
  • Last Known Eruption
  • 26.1217°N
  • 141.0955°E

  • -95 m
    -312 ft

  • 284100
  • Latitude
  • Longitude

  • Summit
    Elevation

  • Volcano
    Number

Most Recent Weekly Report: 25 January-31 January 2023 Citation IconCite this Report

Discolored water around the Kaitoku Seamount was visible in a 26 January Sentinel 2 satellite image. The plume was diffuse and dispersed a few kilometers E. No discolored water was visible in a 31 January image.

Source: Sentinel Hub


Most Recent Bulletin Report: February 2023 (BGVN 48:02) Citation IconCite this Report

New eruption with strongly discolored water during August 2022-January 2023

Kaitoku Seamount is a three-peaked submarine volcano located about 1 km S of Tokyo, Japan. The base of the seamount has a diameter of 40 km and a height of 2.5 km above the ocean floor. The two peaks in the south are called Tokai Tokuba and Nishi Tokuba (figure 2). The most recent previous confirmed eruption was in 1984, when discolored water, gas-and-steam plumes, and floating pumice was reported (SEAN 09:10). Water discoloration was observed in December 1984 and June 1986, and the Japan Coast Guard (JCG) described activity in July 2001 which mainly consisted of bubbles. This report covers a new eruption that was characterized by strongly discolored water during August 2022 through January 2023 based on information from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Japan Coast Guard (JCG), and satellite data.

Figure (see Caption) Figure 2. Submarine bathymetry map of Kaitoku Seamount. The island on the left is Nishi Tokuba (at a depth of 100 m) and the island on the right is Tokai Tokuba (depth of 97 m). The image date was not provided. Courtesy of JCG.

The JCG received a report on 19 August that discolored water was observed near the volcano on 18 and 19 August. This was also visible in a Sentinel-2 satellite image (figure 3). According to aerial observations by the JCG on 23 and 28 August, both discolored water and floating material were observed. The discolored water was yellow-white, approximately 100 m in diameter, and located near the Tokai Tokuba peak. On 28 August multiple zones of white discolored water were observed directly above the volcano and floating material covered an area approximately 200-m-wide and 6-km-long to the SE (figure 4).

Figure (see Caption) Figure 3. Sentinel-2 satellite image showing a small amount of discolored water (bright blue-white) above Kaitoku Seamount on 19 August 2022. Image with “Natural color” rendering (bands 4, 3, 2). Courtesy of Sentinel Hub Playground.
Figure (see Caption) Figure 4. Multiple zones of white discolored water above Kaitoku Seamount were visible during aerial observations on 28 August 2022. The floating material (yellow dotted circle) was identified to the SE in an area approximately 200 m wide and 6 km long. Courtesy of JMA (monthly report of activity at Kaitoku Seamount, August 2022).

Discolored water observations continued during September and October, which was interpreted as ongoing volcanic activity. Sentinel-2 satellite images showed small blue-white discolored plumes on 3, 8, 23, and 28 September that drifted SE, S, SW, and N from a single point. On 16 September an aerial observation conducted by JCG showed blue-white discolored water approximately 20 m wide and 30 m long (figure 5). Strong yellow-blue discolored water was visible on 28 September that mainly occurred around a single point, but a faint plume extended to the N. Though weather clouds sometimes prevented clear views of the vent area, discolored water plumes appeared more frequently in October. On 12 October there was a zone of dense yellow-white discolored water approximately 200 m in diameter; no floating material was observed (figure 6). Sentinel-2 satellite images captured discolored plumes on 3, 8, 13, 18, and 23 October, that mainly encompassed a single area. Part of the plumes extended SW, NW, E, and NE (figure 7).

Figure (see Caption) Figure 5. Blue-white discolored water was observed during an aerial overflight of Kaitoku Seamount that was approximately 20 m wide and 30 m long at 1422 on 16 September 2022. Photo has been color corrected. Courtesy of JMA (monthly report of activity at Kaitoku Seamount, September 2022).
Figure (see Caption) Figure 6. Aerial observation showing blue-white to green-yellow discolored water approximately 200 m in diameter at Kaitoku Seamount on 12 October 2022. Photo has been color corrected. Courtesy of JMA (monthly report of activity at Kaitoku Seamount, October 2022).
Figure (see Caption) Figure 7. Bright blue-white to green-yellow discolored plumes at Kaitoku Seamount were visible in Sentinel-2 satellite images on 18 (left) and 23 (right) October 2022 that both drifted E and NE, respectively. The image taken on 18 October possibly captured material at the surface (darker circle). The white-and-gray irregular circles are atmospheric clouds, mostly seen in the 23 October image. Images with “Natural color” rendering (bands 4, 3, 2). Courtesy of Sentinel Hub Playground.

During November 2022 through January 2023 occasional strongly discolored plumes persisted. Sentinel-2 satellite images captured green-yellow discolored plumes on 22 and 27 November that drifted several kilometers SW and SE (figure 8). An aerial observation conducted by JCG on 25 November showed a yellow-white circular shape of discolored water approximately 300 m in diameter (figure 9). Additionally, blue-white discolored water was observed extending 1 km SW from the volcano and was about 10 km in length. Strong green-yellow discolored plumes were visible in Sentinel-2 satellite images on 17 and 27 December that drifted SE and S as far as 10 km from the vent area (figure 10). Frequent strongly discolored plumes were captured in satellite imagery on 1, 6, 11, 16, and 26 January 2023 that drifted in different directions for several kilometers. On 1 and 16 January white bubbles were also visible around the vent area (figure 11).

Figure (see Caption) Figure 8. Sentinel-2 satellite images showing two strong green-yellow discolored plumes at Kaitoku Seamount on 22 (left) and 27 (right) November 2022. Some darker material may have also been captured at the sea surface accompanying the discoloration. The plume on 22 November drifted several kilometers SW and on 27 November a strong plume drifted SE for several tens of kilometers. Images with “Natural color” rendering (bands 4, 3, 2). Courtesy of Sentinel Hub Playground.
Figure (see Caption) Figure 9. A bright plume of yellow-white discolored water approximately 300 m in diameter at Kaitoku Seamount at 1357 on 25 November 2022 was observed during an aerial overflight. Photo has been color corrected. Courtesy of JMA (monthly report of activity at Kaitoku Seamount, November 2022).
Figure (see Caption) Figure 10. Green-yellow discolored water plumes captured in Sentinel-2 satellite images at Kaitoku Seamount on 17 (left) and 27 (right) December 2022 drifted SE and S, and extended as far as 10 km from the vent area. Images with “Natural color” rendering (bands 4, 3, 2). Courtesy of Sentinel Hub Playground.
Figure (see Caption) Figure 11. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery showing green-yellow discolored water plumes drifting W and S from the vent area of Kaitoku Seamount on 1 (left) and 16 (right) January 2023. White bubbles were also visible above the vent area on both days. Images with “Natural color” rendering (bands 4, 3, 2). Courtesy of Sentinel Hub Playground.

Information Contacts: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), 1-3-4 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8122, Japan (URL: http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/indexe.html); Japan Coast Guard (JCG) Volcano Database, Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department, 3-1-1, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8932, Japan (URL: https://www1.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/kaiikiDB/kaiyo20-2.htm); Sentinel Hub Playground (URL: https://www.sentinel-hub.com/explore/sentinel-playground).

Weekly Reports - Index


2023: January
2022: August | December


25 January-31 January 2023 Citation IconCite this Report

Discolored water around the Kaitoku Seamount was visible in a 26 January Sentinel 2 satellite image. The plume was diffuse and dispersed a few kilometers E. No discolored water was visible in a 31 January image.

Source: Sentinel Hub


4 January-10 January 2023 Citation IconCite this Report

Discolored water around the Kaitoku Seamount was visible in 1 and 6 January Sentinel satellite images. Concentric circles of discolored water radiated out from the vent area and a plume drifted W. The plume of discolored water extended S in the 6 January image.

Source: Sentinel Hub


21 December-27 December 2022 Citation IconCite this Report

After JMA first reported new activity around the Kaitoku Seamount in August, discolored water continued to be periodically visible in Sentinel satellite images through 27 December. Though weather clouds sometimes prevented views of the vent area, and on occasion no activity was visible in clear images, plumes of discolored water drifting away from the vent area appeared to become more frequent in October. Images from 18 October, and 22 and 27 November possibly captured material at the surface or an eruption plume rising above the water. The Japan Coast Guard posted pictures of disturbed water around the vent in November. Recent Sentinel images on 17 and 27 December captured plumes of discolored water drifting as far as 10 km from the vent area.

Sources: Sentinel Hub; Japan Coast Guard


17 August-23 August 2022 Citation IconCite this Report

JMA reported that discolored water around the Kaitoku Seamount was visible during 18-19 August.

Sources: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA); Japan Coast Guard


Bulletin Reports - Index

Reports are organized chronologically and indexed below by Month/Year (Publication Volume:Number), and include a one-line summary. Click on the index link or scroll down to read the reports.

02/1984 (SEAN 09:02) Large area of discolored water; small plumes

04/1984 (SEAN 09:04) Acoustic waves recorded in French Polynesia

05/1984 (SEAN 09:05) Discolored water; floating lapilli; formal name

10/1984 (SEAN 09:10) Discolored water after 3 months of quiet

12/1990 (BGVN 15:12) No water discoloration seen in 1990

02/2023 (BGVN 48:02) New eruption with strongly discolored water during August 2022-January 2023




Information is preliminary and subject to change. All times are local (unless otherwise noted)


February 1984 (SEAN 09:02) Citation IconCite this Report

Large area of discolored water; small plumes

On 7 March at 1230, the crew of a Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) transport plane flying about 130 km N of Iwo-Jima observed a fan-shaped zone of discolored sea water that extended about [28] km WSW from a submarine vent. The maximum width of the discolored zone was about 9 km. A helicopter flew over the area shortly thereafter and its crew estimated that the extent of the reddish-brown water was roughly as large as Iwo Jima Island (about 5 x 8 km).

The next morning, JMSA personnel observed continuous submarine eruptive activity. Gray or yellowish brown water was ejected every 10 minutes and waves spread outward from the vents. The sea colors included gray, white, yellowish brown, and reddish brown. JMSA observers saw neither plumes nor floating ejecta, although small white plumes and rocks or reefs were seen during a flight by the JMSDF at about noon the same day. On 12 March, personnel aboard a JMSDF patrol plane again saw floating material, and a plume about 100 m above sea level. Only discoloration was found during a JMSA flight 13 March. As of the 13th, no new island had been observed at the eruption site.

The activity was located near the site of an eruption reported in 1543 at 26.00°N, 140.77°E.

Information Contacts: JMA.


April 1984 (SEAN 09:04) Citation IconCite this Report

Acoustic waves recorded in French Polynesia

RSP stations on Rangiroa, Tubuai, and Rikitéa recorded acoustic waves (T-phase) from a strong submarine volcanic eruption in the vicinity of the Izu Islands. Between 25 March and 30 April, more than 500 signals were received, 300 between 2 and 9 April. Most of the events were impulsive and of short duration, indicating explosive volcanic activity at a shallow depth. Some of the events were emergent and of longer duration indicating quiet emission of lava. J.M. Talandier noted that these events appear to be correlated with the submarine activity reported in 9:2.

Information Contacts: J. Talandier, Lab. de Géophysique, Tahiti.


May 1984 (SEAN 09:05) Citation IconCite this Report

Discolored water; floating lapilli; formal name

JMSA observations beginning 7 March indicated that eruptive activity was at its highest level in mid to late March, when floating ejecta and vapor plumes were nearly always seen. Beginning in April, activity subsided gradually. The area of discolored water decreased from 13 x 30 km in early March to 300 m in diameter in early May (table 1).

On either side of the submarine vent are two shallow areas, at 26.13°N, 141.10°E, and 26.05°N, 140.93°E (figure 1). JMSA has formally named the feature Kaitoku Kaizan (Kaitoku Seamount).

Figure (see Caption) Figure 1. Cross-section (top) and bathymetry (bottom) at Kaitoku Seamount. Courtesy of JMSA.

Information Contacts: JMA, Tokyo.


October 1984 (SEAN 09:10) Citation IconCite this Report

Discolored water after 3 months of quiet

JMSA reconnaissance revealed few signs of activity since the March eruption. Pumice was observed only around the eruption site; none washed up on shore.

Activity gradually declined. To the crew that overflew the area at noon on 9 April, the water discoloration was barely distinguishable, and no ejecta or plume was seen (table 1). JMSA and JMSDF saw no discolored water or other activity on 10 and 31 July, 1 August, and 6 and 26 September. However, the crew of the MV Emblem reported a 3.5-5-km area of upwelling and water discoloration on 15 October.

Table 1. JMSA observations at Kaitoku Seamount, March-June 1984. Courtesy of JMA.

Date Observation
07 Mar 1984 9 x [28] km of discolored water
08 Mar 1984 Floating lapilli; 0.5-3 x 50 km of discolored water
09 Mar 1984 Seawater temperature at vent 0.5°C higher than floating lapilli; 9-13 x 30 km of discolored water
12 Mar 1984 Floating lapilli; discolored water
13 Mar 1984 Seawater near vent 0.5-1°C higher; floating lapilli; vapor plume
15 Mar 1984 Floating lapilli
16-19 Mar 1984 Floating lapilli; vapor plume
22 Mar 1984 Dark plume; luminescence at night
23 Mar 1984 Vapor plume; luminescence at night
24-25 Mar 1984 Vapor plume
26 Mar 1984 Floating lapilli
09 Apr 1984 0.3 x 5 km of very weak water discoloration
09-10 May 1984 Area of discolored water 0.3 km in diameter
15 May 1984 White upwelling and discoloration, 3.5 km in diameter
18 May 1984 Milky white discoloration, 0.18 km wide
09 Jun 1984 Weak green discoloration, 0.15 x 0.05 km

Further Reference. Tsuchide, M., Kato, S., Uchida, A., Sato, H., Konishi, N., Osaka, J., and Hirabayashi, J., 1985, Submarine volcanic activity at the Kaitoku seamount in 1984: Rep. Hydrograph. Res., v. 20, p. 47-82.

Information Contacts: JMA, Tokyo.


December 1990 (BGVN 15:12) Citation IconCite this Report

No water discoloration seen in 1990

No discolorations were observed at . . . Kaitoku . . . during 1990.

Information Contacts: Hydrographic Department, JMSA.


February 2023 (BGVN 48:02) Citation IconCite this Report

New eruption with strongly discolored water during August 2022-January 2023

Kaitoku Seamount is a three-peaked submarine volcano located about 1 km S of Tokyo, Japan. The base of the seamount has a diameter of 40 km and a height of 2.5 km above the ocean floor. The two peaks in the south are called Tokai Tokuba and Nishi Tokuba (figure 2). The most recent previous confirmed eruption was in 1984, when discolored water, gas-and-steam plumes, and floating pumice was reported (SEAN 09:10). Water discoloration was observed in December 1984 and June 1986, and the Japan Coast Guard (JCG) described activity in July 2001 which mainly consisted of bubbles. This report covers a new eruption that was characterized by strongly discolored water during August 2022 through January 2023 based on information from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Japan Coast Guard (JCG), and satellite data.

Figure (see Caption) Figure 2. Submarine bathymetry map of Kaitoku Seamount. The island on the left is Nishi Tokuba (at a depth of 100 m) and the island on the right is Tokai Tokuba (depth of 97 m). The image date was not provided. Courtesy of JCG.

The JCG received a report on 19 August that discolored water was observed near the volcano on 18 and 19 August. This was also visible in a Sentinel-2 satellite image (figure 3). According to aerial observations by the JCG on 23 and 28 August, both discolored water and floating material were observed. The discolored water was yellow-white, approximately 100 m in diameter, and located near the Tokai Tokuba peak. On 28 August multiple zones of white discolored water were observed directly above the volcano and floating material covered an area approximately 200-m-wide and 6-km-long to the SE (figure 4).

Figure (see Caption) Figure 3. Sentinel-2 satellite image showing a small amount of discolored water (bright blue-white) above Kaitoku Seamount on 19 August 2022. Image with “Natural color” rendering (bands 4, 3, 2). Courtesy of Sentinel Hub Playground.
Figure (see Caption) Figure 4. Multiple zones of white discolored water above Kaitoku Seamount were visible during aerial observations on 28 August 2022. The floating material (yellow dotted circle) was identified to the SE in an area approximately 200 m wide and 6 km long. Courtesy of JMA (monthly report of activity at Kaitoku Seamount, August 2022).

Discolored water observations continued during September and October, which was interpreted as ongoing volcanic activity. Sentinel-2 satellite images showed small blue-white discolored plumes on 3, 8, 23, and 28 September that drifted SE, S, SW, and N from a single point. On 16 September an aerial observation conducted by JCG showed blue-white discolored water approximately 20 m wide and 30 m long (figure 5). Strong yellow-blue discolored water was visible on 28 September that mainly occurred around a single point, but a faint plume extended to the N. Though weather clouds sometimes prevented clear views of the vent area, discolored water plumes appeared more frequently in October. On 12 October there was a zone of dense yellow-white discolored water approximately 200 m in diameter; no floating material was observed (figure 6). Sentinel-2 satellite images captured discolored plumes on 3, 8, 13, 18, and 23 October, that mainly encompassed a single area. Part of the plumes extended SW, NW, E, and NE (figure 7).

Figure (see Caption) Figure 5. Blue-white discolored water was observed during an aerial overflight of Kaitoku Seamount that was approximately 20 m wide and 30 m long at 1422 on 16 September 2022. Photo has been color corrected. Courtesy of JMA (monthly report of activity at Kaitoku Seamount, September 2022).
Figure (see Caption) Figure 6. Aerial observation showing blue-white to green-yellow discolored water approximately 200 m in diameter at Kaitoku Seamount on 12 October 2022. Photo has been color corrected. Courtesy of JMA (monthly report of activity at Kaitoku Seamount, October 2022).
Figure (see Caption) Figure 7. Bright blue-white to green-yellow discolored plumes at Kaitoku Seamount were visible in Sentinel-2 satellite images on 18 (left) and 23 (right) October 2022 that both drifted E and NE, respectively. The image taken on 18 October possibly captured material at the surface (darker circle). The white-and-gray irregular circles are atmospheric clouds, mostly seen in the 23 October image. Images with “Natural color” rendering (bands 4, 3, 2). Courtesy of Sentinel Hub Playground.

During November 2022 through January 2023 occasional strongly discolored plumes persisted. Sentinel-2 satellite images captured green-yellow discolored plumes on 22 and 27 November that drifted several kilometers SW and SE (figure 8). An aerial observation conducted by JCG on 25 November showed a yellow-white circular shape of discolored water approximately 300 m in diameter (figure 9). Additionally, blue-white discolored water was observed extending 1 km SW from the volcano and was about 10 km in length. Strong green-yellow discolored plumes were visible in Sentinel-2 satellite images on 17 and 27 December that drifted SE and S as far as 10 km from the vent area (figure 10). Frequent strongly discolored plumes were captured in satellite imagery on 1, 6, 11, 16, and 26 January 2023 that drifted in different directions for several kilometers. On 1 and 16 January white bubbles were also visible around the vent area (figure 11).

Figure (see Caption) Figure 8. Sentinel-2 satellite images showing two strong green-yellow discolored plumes at Kaitoku Seamount on 22 (left) and 27 (right) November 2022. Some darker material may have also been captured at the sea surface accompanying the discoloration. The plume on 22 November drifted several kilometers SW and on 27 November a strong plume drifted SE for several tens of kilometers. Images with “Natural color” rendering (bands 4, 3, 2). Courtesy of Sentinel Hub Playground.
Figure (see Caption) Figure 9. A bright plume of yellow-white discolored water approximately 300 m in diameter at Kaitoku Seamount at 1357 on 25 November 2022 was observed during an aerial overflight. Photo has been color corrected. Courtesy of JMA (monthly report of activity at Kaitoku Seamount, November 2022).
Figure (see Caption) Figure 10. Green-yellow discolored water plumes captured in Sentinel-2 satellite images at Kaitoku Seamount on 17 (left) and 27 (right) December 2022 drifted SE and S, and extended as far as 10 km from the vent area. Images with “Natural color” rendering (bands 4, 3, 2). Courtesy of Sentinel Hub Playground.
Figure (see Caption) Figure 11. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery showing green-yellow discolored water plumes drifting W and S from the vent area of Kaitoku Seamount on 1 (left) and 16 (right) January 2023. White bubbles were also visible above the vent area on both days. Images with “Natural color” rendering (bands 4, 3, 2). Courtesy of Sentinel Hub Playground.

Information Contacts: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), 1-3-4 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8122, Japan (URL: http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/indexe.html); Japan Coast Guard (JCG) Volcano Database, Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department, 3-1-1, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8932, Japan (URL: https://www1.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/kaiikiDB/kaiyo20-2.htm); Sentinel Hub Playground (URL: https://www.sentinel-hub.com/explore/sentinel-playground).

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 2 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

2022 Aug 18 - 2023 Jan 26 Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption (Submarine)
2022 Aug 18 - 2023 Jan 26 Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index) VEI 0
2022 Aug 18 2022 Aug 19 Observation Discolored seawater.

[ 2001 Jul 20 - 2001 Jul 20 ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption (Submarine)
2001 Jul 20 - 2001 Jul 20 Evidence from Observations: Reported
 Japan Coast Guard reported "Bubbles gushing out from the ocean floor near Tokai Tokuba" on 20 July 2001.

List of 1 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Observation "Bubbles gushing out from the ocean floor".

[ 1986 Jun 18 - 1986 Jun 18 ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption (Submarine)
1986 Jun 18 - 1986 Jun 18 Evidence from Unknown
 Water discoloration was reported on 18 June 1986 (Kudo and Hoshizumi, 2006-).

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
1986 Jun 18    - - - - Observation Discolored water.
1986 Jun 18    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

[ 1984 Dec 23 - 1984 Dec 23 ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption (Submarine)
1984 Dec 23 - 1984 Dec 23 Evidence from Unknown
 Water discoloration was reported on 23 December 1984 (Kudo and Hoshizumi, 2006-).

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
1984 Dec 23    - - - - Observation Discolored water.
1984 Dec 23    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1984 Mar 8 - 1984 Mar 26 (?) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1

Episode 1 | Eruption (Submarine) Higashi-Kaitokuba
1984 Mar 8 - 1984 Mar 26 (?) Evidence from Observations: Reported
 Following observation of discolored water on 7 March 1984 at the eastern summit of the seamount, submarine eruptions were reported on 8 March. No new island was seen, but vapor plumes and floating pumice ejecta were seen until 26 March. Intermittent water discoloration was reported from 29 March until 9 June (Tsuchide et al., 1985).

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Higashi-Kaitokuba

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Pumice
1984 Mar 8    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index) VEI 1

[ 1543 ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption (Submarine) WSW of Kaitoku summit area
1543 - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported
 A submarine eruption was reported in 1543 CE at about 26°N, 140°46'E, with no details; Kuno (1962, CAVW) noted that Sapper (1927) mentioned "an eruption at this point." This approximate location is 20 km WSW of the Nishi Tokuba, the SW-most peak of the seamount complex at a depth of about 100 m.

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at WSW of Kaitoku summit area

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
1543    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index) VEI 0
Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Kaitoku Seamount.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Kaitoku Seamount.

Photo Gallery

The Global Volcanism Program has no photographs available for Kaitoku Seamount.

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

The maps shown below have been scanned from the GVP map archives and include the volcano on this page. Clicking on the small images will load the full 300 dpi map. Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Kaitoku Seamount in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites