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Volcanoes in the Arabia-Central Asia Volcanic Regions

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Harrat Rahat

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Ararat

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Elbrus

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Harrat Khaybar

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Harrat Ash Shaam

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Harrat Ithnayn

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Harrat Ithnayn

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Ararat

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Nemrut Dagi

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Harrat Ithnayn

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Harrat Khaybar

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Harrat Khaybar

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Harrat Ithnayn

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Harras of Dhamar

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Tenduruk Dagi

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Elbrus

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Ararat

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Harras of Dhamar

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Ararat

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Damavand

  • Current

Additional information about the Volcanic Regions in this group and a map display is still being prepared.

There are 27 Holocene volcanoes in the Arabia-Central Asia Volcanic Regions.

Central Anatolian Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Country Last Eruption Volcanic Landform
Nemrut Dagi Turkiye 1650 CE Composite
Tenduruk Dagi Turkiye 1855 CE Shield
Ararat Turkiye 1840 CE Composite

Caucasus Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Country Last Eruption Volcanic Landform
Samsari Volcanic Center Georgia Unknown Cluster
Aragats Armenia Unknown Composite
Porak Armenia-Azerbaijan 778 BCE Cluster
Tskhouk-Karckar Armenia-Azerbaijan 3000 BCE Cluster
Damavand Iran 5350 BCE Composite
Elbrus Russia 50 CE Composite
Ghegham Volcanic Ridge Armenia 1900 BCE Cluster
Kazbek Georgia 750 BCE Composite
Vaiyots-Sar Armenia 2000 BCE Minor (Basaltic)

Northern Arabia Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Country Last Eruption Volcanic Landform
Karaca Dag Turkiye Unknown Shield
Harrat Ash Shaam Syria-Jordan-Saudi Arabia 2670 BCE Cluster

Western Arabia Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Country Last Eruption Volcanic Landform
Harrat Lunayyir Saudi Arabia 1000 CE Cluster
Harrat Ithnayn Saudi Arabia Unknown Cluster
Harrat Khaybar Saudi Arabia 650 CE Cluster
Harrat Rahat Saudi Arabia 1256 CE Cluster
Harrat Kishb Saudi Arabia Unknown Cluster

Southwest Arabia Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Country Last Eruption Volcanic Landform
Harrat al Birk Saudi Arabia Unknown Cluster
Jabal Yar Saudi Arabia 1810 CE Cluster
Harra of Arhab Yemen 500 CE Cluster
Jabal Haylan Yemen 1200 BCE Cluster
Harras of Dhamar Yemen Unknown Cluster
Harra Es- Sawad Yemen 1253 CE Cluster
Balhaf-Bir Ali Volcanic Field Yemen Unknown Cluster
Bir Borhut Yemen Unknown Cluster

Chronological listings of known Holocene eruptions (confirmed or uncertain) from volcanoes in the Arabia-Central Asia Volcanic Regions. Bolded eruptions indicate current continuing activity as of 17 October 2024.

Central Anatolian Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Start Date Stop Date Certainty VEI Evidence
Tenduruk Dagi 1855 Unknown Confirmed   Observations: Reported
Ararat 1840 Jul 2 Unknown Confirmed   Observations: Reported
Ararat [1783] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Nemrut Dagi [1692 Apr 13] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Nemrut Dagi 1650 Oct 27 Unknown Confirmed   Observations: Reported
Nemrut Dagi 1597 (in or before) Unknown Confirmed   Observations: Reported
Ararat [1450] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Nemrut Dagi 1441 Unknown Confirmed   Observations: Reported
Nemrut Dagi 1402 (?) Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count
Nemrut Dagi 1111 Unknown Confirmed   Observations: Reported
Nemrut Dagi 0531 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count
Tenduruk Dagi 0550 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed   Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Ararat 0550 BCE Unknown Confirmed   Correlation: Anthropology
Nemrut Dagi 0657 BCE ± 25 years Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count
Nemrut Dagi 0787 BCE ± 25 years Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count
Nemrut Dagi 1396 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count
Nemrut Dagi 1662 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count
Ararat 2450 BCE ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed   Correlation: Anthropology
Nemrut Dagi 4055 BCE ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count
Nemrut Dagi 4321 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count
Nemrut Dagi 4615 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count
Nemrut Dagi 4849 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count
Nemrut Dagi 4938 BCE ± 75 years Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count
Nemrut Dagi 5085 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count
Nemrut Dagi 5152 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count
Nemrut Dagi 5242 BCE ± 75 years Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count
Nemrut Dagi 5320 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count
Nemrut Dagi 5745 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count
Nemrut Dagi 6213 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count
Nemrut Dagi 6471 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count
Nemrut Dagi 7087 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count
Nemrut Dagi 7579 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count
Nemrut Dagi 7769 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count
Suphan Dagi [8050 BCE (?)] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Nemrut Dagi 9950 BCE ± 150 years Unknown Confirmed   Sidereal: Varve Count

Caucasus Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Start Date Stop Date Certainty VEI Evidence
Vaiyots-Sar [0753] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Elbrus 0050 ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed   Correlation: Tephrochronology
Porak [0740 BCE ± 2 years] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Kazbek 0750 BCE ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed   Correlation: Tephrochronology
Porak 0778 BCE ± 5 years Unknown Confirmed   Correlation: Anthropology
Ghegham Volcanic Ridge 1900 BCE ± 750 years Unknown Confirmed   Correlation: Anthropology
Vaiyots-Sar 2000 BCE (?) ± 1000 years Unknown Confirmed   Correlation: Anthropology
Tskhouk-Karckar 3000 BCE ± 300 years Unknown Confirmed   Correlation: Tephrochronology
Kazbek 4000 BCE ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed   Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Porak 4510 BCE ± 300 years Unknown Confirmed   Correlation: Tephrochronology
Damavand 5350 BCE ± 200 years Unknown Confirmed   Isotopic: Uranium-series

Central Asia Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Start Date Stop Date Certainty VEI Evidence
Taftan [1993 Apr 25] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Taftan [1902 Jan] [Unknown] Uncertain  

Northern Arabia Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Start Date Stop Date Certainty VEI Evidence
Harrat Ash Shaam 2670 BCE ± 200 years Unknown Confirmed   Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

Western Arabia Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Start Date Stop Date Certainty VEI Evidence
Harrat Rahat [1292] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Harrat Rahat 1256 Jun 5 1256 Jul 27 (?) Confirmed   Observations: Reported
Harrat Lunayyir 1000 (in or before) Unknown Confirmed   Observations: Reported
Harrat Khaybar 0650 ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed   Observations: Reported
Harrat Rahat 0641 Unknown Confirmed   Observations: Reported
Harrat ar Rahah-'Uwayrid [0640 (?)] [Unknown] Uncertain  

Southwest Arabia Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Start Date Stop Date Certainty VEI Evidence
Harras of Dhamar [1937] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Jabal Yar 1810 ± 10 years Unknown Confirmed   Observations: Reported
Harra Es- Sawad 1253 Unknown Confirmed   Observations: Reported
Bir Borhut [0950 (?)] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Harra of Arhab 0500 ± 100 years Unknown Confirmed   Observations: Reported
Harra of Arhab 0200 (after) Unknown Confirmed   Correlation: Anthropology
Jabal Haylan 1200 BCE (after) Unknown Confirmed   Correlation: Anthropology

There are 39 Pleistocene volcanoes in the Arabia-Central Asia Volcanic Regions.

Central Anatolian Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Country Volcanic Landform
Suphan Dagi Turkiye Composite
Girekol Turkiye Shield
Etrusk Turkiye Composite

Caucasus Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Country Volcanic Landform
Arpacay Turkiye Cluster
Kisir Dagi Turkiye Composite
Akhuryan Valley Armenia Cluster
Shamiram Plateau Armenia Cluster
Unnamed Armenia Cluster
Unnamed Armenia Cluster
Bijar Volcanic Field Iran Cluster
Kuh-e Ayyub Ansar Iran Minor
Keli Highland Georgia Cluster
Dzau Georgia Cluster
Sahand Iran Composite
Sabalan Iran Composite
Saray Iran Minor

Central Asia Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Country Volcanic Landform
Qal'eh Hasan Ali Iran Cluster
Dacht-i-Navar Group Afghanistan Minor
Vakak Group Afghanistan Cluster
Gandom Beryan Iran Minor
Dehaj-Meduk Iran Cluster
Shahsavaran Iran Cluster
Zardolou Group Afghanistan Minor
Loman Volcano Group Afghanistan Minor
East Neh Iran Minor
Bazman Iran Composite
Nader Iran Cluster
Taftan Iran Composite
Sultan Pakistan Cluster

Northern Arabia Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Country Volcanic Landform
Karasu Rift Turkiye Cluster
Jabal al Qiranah Jordan Cluster
Kaukab Syria Cluster
Feidat el-Mieza Syria Minor
Himmat el-Jazira Syria Cluster
Tigris Lava Flows Syria Cluster

Western Arabia Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Country Volcanic Landform
Harrat ar Rahah-'Uwayrid Saudi Arabia Cluster
Harrat Hutaymah Saudi Arabia Cluster

Southwest Arabia Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Country Volcanic Landform
Jabal Baqarah Saudi Arabia Minor
Jibal al Haylah Saudi Arabia Minor
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