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Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Weekly Volcanic Activity Map

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 19 June-25 June 2024
Name Country Volcanic Province Eruption Start Date Report Status
Etna Italy Sicily Volcanic Province 2022 Nov 27 New
Home Reef Tonga Tofua Volcanic Arc New
Karymsky Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 2024 Jun 20 New
Lewotobi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2023 Dec 23 New
Reykjanes Iceland Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province New
Stromboli Italy Aeolian Volcanic Arc 1934 Feb 2 New
Taal Philippines Taiwan-Luzon Volcanic Arc 2024 Apr 12 New
Aira Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2017 Mar 25 Continuing
Dukono Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 1933 Aug 13 Continuing
Ebeko Russia Kuril Volcanic Arc 2022 Jun 11 Continuing
Great Sitkin United States Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc 2021 May 25 Continuing
Ibu Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 2008 Apr 5 Continuing
Lewotolok Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc Continuing
Marapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2023 Dec 3 Continuing
Merapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2020 Dec 31 Continuing
Nevado del Ruiz Colombia Northern Andean Volcanic Arc 2014 Nov 18 Continuing
Nyamulagira DR Congo Albertine Rift Volcanic Province 2018 Apr 18 Continuing
Nyiragongo DR Congo Albertine Rift Volcanic Province 2002 May 17 (?) Continuing
Semeru Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2017 Jun 6 Continuing
Sheveluch Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 1999 Aug 15 Continuing
Suwanosejima Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2004 Oct 23 Continuing
Villarrica Chile Southern Andean Volcanic Arc 2014 Dec 2 ± 7 days Continuing
All times are local unless otherwise stated.
Weekly Reports Archive

Since the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report began in November 2000, there have been 20,764 individual reports over 1,249 weeks (average of 17 per week) on 338 different volcanoes.

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Adams Cotopaxi Iliwerung Llaima Popocatepetl Sumisujima
Agung Cuicocha Inielika Lokon-Empung Purace Sundoro
Ahyi Cumbal Ioto Lonquimay Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Suoh
Aira Dabbahu Irazu Lopevi Rabaul Suretamatai
Akan Davidof Iwatesan Machin Raikoke Suwanosejima
Alaid Dempo Iya Makushin Ranakah Taal
Alu-Dalafilla Descabezado Grande Izu-Torishima Maly Semyachik Raoul Island Tair, Jebel at
Ambae Dieng Volcanic Complex Jackson Segment Manam Rasshua Takawangha
Ambang Dukono Kaba Manda Hararo Raung Talang
Ambrym East Epi Kadovar Marapi Redoubt Tambora
Anatahan Ebeko Kaitoku Seamount Maroa Reventador Tanaga
Aniakchak Ebulobo Kama'ehuakanaloa Martin Reykjanes Tandikat-Singgalang
Antillanca Volcanic Complex Edgecumbe Kambalny Masaya Rincon de la Vieja Tangkoko-Duasudara
Antuco Egon Kanaga Matthew Island Rinjani Tangkuban Parahu
Apoyeque Ekarma Kanlaon Maule, Laguna del Ritter Island Tara, Batu
Arenal Eldey Karangetang Mauna Loa Rotorua Ta'u
Asamayama Erebus Karkar Mayon Ruang Taupo
Askja Erta Ale Karthala McDonald Islands Ruapehu Telica
Asosan Etna Karymsky Melebingoy Ruby Tenerife
Atka Volcanic Complex Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] Kasatochi Melimoyu Ruiz, Nevado del Tengger Caldera
Augustine Eyjafjallajokull Katla Merapi Sabancaya Three Sisters
Avachinsky Fagradalsfjall Katmai Midagahara Sakar Tinakula
Awu Fernandina Kavachi Misti, El Salak Tofua
Axial Seamount Fogo Kelimutu Miyakejima San Cristobal Tokachidake
Azul, Cerro Fonualei Kelud Momotombo San Miguel Tolbachik
Azumayama Fournaise, Piton de la Kerinci Monowai San Vicente Toliman
Bagana Fourpeaked Ketoi Montagu Island Sangay Tongariro
Balbi Fuego Kharimkotan Moyorodake [Medvezhia] Sangeang Api Trident
Bamus Fujisan Kick 'em Jenny Mutnovsky Santa Ana Tungurahua
Banda Api Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba Kie Besi Myojinsho Santa Maria Turrialba
Bardarbunga Galeras Kikai Nabro Sao Jorge Ubinas
Barren Island Galunggung Kilauea Negra, Sierra Sarigan Ugashik-Peulik
Batur Gamalama Kirishimayama Negro, Cerro Sarychev Peak Ukinrek Maars
Bezymianny Gamkonora Kita-Ioto Nightingale Island Saunders Ulawun
Bogoslof Gareloi Kizimen Nishinoshima Savo Unnamed
Brava Gaua Klyuchevskoy Nisyros Semeru Unnamed
Bristol Island Gorely Kolokol Group Novarupta Semisopochnoi Veniaminof
Bulusan Great Sitkin Koryaksky NW Rota-1 Seulawah Agam Villarrica
Calbuco Grimsvotn Krakatau Nyamulagira Sheveluch Vulcano
Callaqui Guagua Pichincha Krummel-Garbuna-Welcker Nyiragongo Shishaldin West Mata
Cameroon Guallatiri Krysuvik-Trolladyngja Ofu-Olosega Simbo Westdahl
Campi Flegrei Guntur Kuchinoerabujima Okataina Sinabung Whakaari/White Island
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia Hachijojima Kurikomayama Okmok Sinarka Witori
Cayambe Hakoneyama Kusatsu-Shiranesan Ontakesan Siple Wolf
Chachadake [Tiatia] Heard Kverkfjoll Oraefajokull Sirung Wrangell
Chaiten Hekla La Palma Osorno Slamet Yakedake
Chiginagak Helgrindur Lamington Pacaya Snaefellsjokull Yasur
Chikurachki Hierro Lamongan Pagan Soputan Yellowstone
Chiles-Cerro Negro Hokkaido-Komagatake Langila Palena Volcanic Group Sorikmarapi Yufu-Tsurumi
Chillan, Nevados de Home Reef Lanin Paluweh Sotara Zaozan [Zaosan]
Chirinkotan Hood Lascar Panarea Soufriere Hills Zavodovski
Chirpoi Huaynaputina Late Papandayan Soufriere St. Vincent Zhupanovsky
Ciremai Hudson, Cerro Lateiki Pavlof South Sarigan Seamount Zubair Group
Cleveland Huila, Nevado del Lengai, Ol Doinyo Pelee Spurr
Colima Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Leroboleng Peuet Sague St. Helens
Colo Ibu Lewotobi Pinatubo Stromboli
Concepcion Ijen Lewotolok Planchon-Peteroa Sulu Range
Copahue Iliamna Little Sitkin Poas Sumbing
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 Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria



The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers



1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

4. Many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source.

5. USGS Disclaimer Statement for this Website:

Information presented on this website is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. Use of appropriate byline/photo/image credit is requested. We strongly recommend that USGS data be acquired directly from a USGS server and not through other sources that may change the data in some way. While USGS makes every effort to provide accurate and complete information, various data such as names, telephone numbers, etc. may change prior to updating. USGS welcomes suggestions on how to improve our home page and correct errors. USGS provides no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of furnished data.

Some of the documents on this server may contain live references (or pointers) to information created and maintained by other organizations. Please note that USGS does not control and cannot guarantee the relevance, timeliness, or accuracy of these outside materials.

For site security purposes and to ensure that this service remains available to all users, this government computer system employs software programs to monitor network traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to upload or change information, or otherwise cause damage. Unauthorized attempts to upload information or change information on this website are strictly prohibited and may be punishable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act. Information may also be used for authorized law enforcement investigations. (Last modified September 21, 1999.)

U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm

 Acronyms and Abbreviations

a.s.l. - above sea level

AVO - Alaska Volcano Observatory

AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CENAPRED - Centro Nacionale de Prevencion de Desastres (México)

CONRED - Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres

COSPEC - Correlation Spectrometer

CVGHM (formerly VSI) - Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation

CVO - Cascades Volcano Observatory (USGS)

GMS - Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GVO - Goma Volcano Observatory

GVP - Global Volcanism Program (Smithsonian Institution)

HVO - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS)

ICE - Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Costa Rica)

IG - Instituto Geofísico (Ecuador)

IGNS - Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (New Zealand) - now GNS Science

INETER - Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaragua)

INGEMMET - Instituto Geológical Minero y Metalúrgico (Peru)

INGEOMINAS - Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería (Colombia)

INGV-CT - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (Italy)

INSIVUMEH - Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrologia (Guatemala)

IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France)

JMA - Japanese Meteorological Agency

KEMSD - Kamchatkan Experimental and Methodical Seismilogical Department

KVERT - Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team

M - magnitude

METEOSAT - Meteorological Satellite

MEVO - Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory

MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MVO - Montserrat Volcano Observatory

MWO - Meteorological Watch Office

NEIC - National Earthquake Information Center

NIED - National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan)

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOTAM - Notice to Airmen

OVDAS - Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (Chile)

OFDA - Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance

ONEMI - Oficina Nacional de Emergencia - Ministerio del Interior (Chile)

OVPDLF - Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (France)

OVSICORI-UNA - Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Philippines)

RSAM - Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement

RVO - Rabaul Volcano Observatory

SERNAGEOMIN - Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (Chile)

SIGMET - Significant Meteorological Information

SNET - Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (El Salvador)

SVERT - Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (Russia)

USAID - US Agency for International Development

USGS - United States Geological Survey

UTC - Coordinated Universal Time

VAAC - Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

VAFTAD - Volcanic Ash Forecast Transport And Dispersion

VDAP - Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (USGS)

VHP - Volcano Hazards Program (USGS)

VRC - Volcano Research Center (Japan)

Report for Etna
INGV reported that Etna’s Voragine Crater began erupting on 14 June, after more than three years of quiescence, and continued to eject lava through at least 23 June. The activity gradually increased from spattering lava at a new vent to more vigorous with jets of incandescent lava that rose several tens of meters above the crater rim. A new scoria cone grew inside the crater.
Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV)
Report for Home Reef
The Tonga Geological Services reported that an eruption at Home Reef was ongoing during 18-25 June. Daily thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images, though the number and intensity of the anomalies were variable. At around 0130 on 21 June an ash-and-gas plume was identified in satellite images drifting SE. Lava continued to expand the SE coastline of the island. The Maritime Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale) and mariners were advised to stay 4 km away from the island, the Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest color on a four-color scale), and the Alert level for residents of Vava’u and Ha’apai remained at Green (the lowest color on a four-color scale).
Sources: Tonga Geological Services, Government of Tonga, Culture Volcan
Report for Karymsky
KVERT reported that explosive activity at Karymsky began at 1850 local time on 20 June based on satellite data. The explosions generated ash plumes that rose 5.5-6 km (18,000-19,700 ft) a.s.l., forming an ash cloud that was 16 x 23 km in size, and drifted SSW. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). By 1222 local time on 21 June the ash plume had drifted 540 km S and SE. Explosions produced ash plumes identified in satellite images at 1747 local time that rose 5.3-5.5 km (17,400-18,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 30 km WSW. At 1149 local time on 22 June explosions sent ash plumes to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. that drifted 30 km W based on satellite data. The previous eruption at Karymsky occurred during 3 April 2021-22 August 2022. Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Lewotobi
PVMBG reported that eruptive activity at Lewotobi’s Laki-laki volcano continued during 19-25 June. Daily gray or white-and-gray ash plumes rose 100-1,000 m above the summit and drifted SW, W, and NW. According to news articles PVMBG noted that activity remained at high levels and 5-7 intense eruptive events were recorded daily during 16-22 June. Seismicity indicated that magma continued to move to the surface. According to news articles, recent ashfall had contaminated water resources downwind, significantly impacting residents of Dulipali (6 km NNW) in the Ile Bura District and Hokeng Jaya (4 km NW), Klatanlo (5 km NW), Persiapan Padang Pasir, Persiapan Nawokote B, Boru (8 km WNW), Nawokote (5 km W), and Pululera in Wulanggitang District; tanks of clean water were distributed on 23 June. Ashfall was reported in Hikong (15 km W) and Timutawa (15 km WNW), and in agricultural areas in the Taliura District on 22 June, and caused decreased visibility in areas along the Trans-Flores-Highway between Maumere (62 km W) and Larantuka (35 km NE), and in the Wagte and Lela districts. Ashfall on 25 June again impacted residents of Hikong and Timutawa and covered agricultural fields. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay outside of the exclusion zone, defined as a 3-km radius around both Laki-laki and Perempuan craters, 4 km to the NNW and SSE of Laki-laki.
Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Metro TV News, Metro TV News, Metro TV News, Metro TV News
Report for Reykjanes
IMO reported that the eruption that began on 29 May near Sundhnúk, NE of Sýlingarfell within the Reykjanes volcanic system, decreased over a few days and then ended on 24 June, with the eruption spanning a total of 24 days. According to a news article, earlier in the week lava flowed mostly N along Sýlingarfell and thickened in some areas, rising higher than the earthen barriers N of Svartsengi; on 18 June lava flowed over the barrier between Sýlingarfell and Grindavíkurvegar, prompting workers to try to stop the advancement of the lava by spraying water on the flows as an experimental defense. By 20 June lava was flowing over the barrier in three places. Firefighters sprayed water on the lava causing steam-and-gas plumes to rise from the slow-moving flows. Large machinery was also utilized to move dirt and strengthen the barrier. The westernmost flow that overtopped the barrier was the most active and continued to advance and thicken during 20-21 June. Tremor levels decreased, indicating that the eruption was decreasing, though a decreasing rate of uplift in the Svartsengi area continued to be recorded in GPS data.

Images from a drone overflight conducted during the morning of 21 June by Almannavarnadeild ríkislögreglustjóra (National Commissioner of the Icelandic Police and Department of Civil Protection and Emergency Management) showed decreased activity at the main crater. Areas of incandescent lava in the crater were visible; lava flows from the crater were not seen, though flows through lava tubes may have been active. Sulfur dioxide emissions were very low. During a drone survey around noon on 22 June no activity in the crater was visible, indicating that the eruption had ceased. Additionally, tremor levels had decreased to levels similar to those recorded before the eruption began. On 24 June IMO noted that still-molten lava continued to advance over the barrier at Sýlingarfell and on the lava field N of the barrier. At 1410 on 25 June IMO lowered the Aviation Color Code to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale).
Sources: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), Icelandic National Broadcasting Service (RUV), Icelandic National Broadcasting Service (RUV)
Report for Stromboli
INGV reported that eruptive activity continued at Stromboli during 17-23 June. Webcam images showed Strombolian activity at three vents in Area N (two at N1 and one at N2), within the upper part of the Sciara del Fuoco, and from two vents at S2 in Area C-S (South-Central Crater) on the crater terrace. During the week low- to medium-intensity explosive activity at N1 and N2 ejected coarse material (bombs and lapilli) less than 150 m above the vents. The average rate of explosions from this area was 6-14 events per hour. Spattering occurred at N1 and was intense at times. At Area C-S, explosive activity in sector S2 ejected both coarse and fine material as high as 150 m above the vent. The average explosion rate was 5-8 events per hour. At 1225 on 23 June lava began to overflow N1 after a period of intense spattering. Multiple lava flows from N1 converged in the channel scoured out by the 9 October 2022 pyroclastic flow and descended the upper part of the Sciara del Fuoco. Within a few hours activity decreased and by 2100 the flows were cooling. On 24 June Dipartimento della Protezione Civile raised the Alert Level to Orange (the second highest level on a four-level scale), noting the overflow at N1, frequent explosions in Area C-S, and an increase in tremor amplitude.
Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV)
Report for Taal
PHIVOLCS reported that daily voluminous steam-and-gas emissions at Taal rose as high as 2.8 km above the rim of Main Crater and drifted NNW, NW, SW, and SSE during 18-24 June, based on webcam images. There were five periods of volcanic tremor recorded during 18-19 and 21-23 June, each lasting 1-10 minutes. Vog was reported during 18-21 June; sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 4,641 tonnes per day on 20 June. During 2130-2132 on 24 June phreatic events generated steam-laden plumes that rose 600 m above Main Crater and drifted W. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 0-5), and PHIVOLCS reminded the public that the entire Taal Volcano Island was a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and to take extra precaution around Main Crater and along the Daang Kastila fissure.
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
Report for Aira
JMA reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 17-24 June. Nighttime crater incandescence was visible during 17-21 June and very small eruptive events occurred during the rest of the week. An explosion at 0002 on 20 June ejected large blocks 500-700 m above the crater rim and produced an ash plume that rose 1.3 km above the crater rim and drifted NW. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 1 km away from both craters.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Dukono
PVMBG reported that the eruption at Dukono was ongoing during 19-23 June. Gray-and-white ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose 400-1,200 m above the summit and drifted W, NW, and E on most days. Emissions were not observed during 19-20 June. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 3-km exclusion zone.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Ebeko
KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 13-21 June. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), an explosion on 14 June generated an ash plume that rose as high as 1 km (3,300 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 28 and 20 June; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Great Sitkin
AVO reported that slow lava effusion in Great Sitkin’s summit crater continued during 18-25 June. Seismicity was low with few daily small earthquakes. Minor steaming from the lava flow was visible in satellite images on 18 and 21 June. Slightly elevated surface temperatures at the summit were identified in satellite images during 22-24 June. Weather clouds sometimes obscured or partially obscured satellite and webcam views. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
Report for Ibu
PVMBG reported decreasing activity at Ibu. Both the number of earthquakes and the height of ash plumes began to decline on 15 June. In addition, the distances of ejected incandescent material also shortened to a radius of 1 km. White, gray, and black ash plumes rose 100-3,000 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions during 19-21 June. Because of the decreasing activity PVMBG lowered the Alert Level to 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) at 1032 on 21 June and advised the public to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 5 km away from the N crater wall opening. On 22 June white-and-gray ash plumes rose as high as 3 km and drifted NW, W, and SW, and on 23 June ash plumes rose as high as 5 km and drifted NW, W, and SW. On 24 June white plumes rose 1 km and drifted W and NW and on 25 June white-and-gray ash plumes rose 400 m and drifted NE, E, and W.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Lewotolok
PVMBG reported that the eruption at Lewotolok continued during 16-25 June. White-to-gray emissions rose as high as 400 m above the summit and mainly drifted W and NW during 16-22 June; an eruptive event was recorded by the seismic network during the week but not visually observed. The number of earthquakes decreased, and the average amplitude of continuous tremor signals also declined. Both shallow and deep earthquakes were recorded but they were not significant. Lava flows on the S, SE, and W flanks continued to be stable. Deformation data indicated deflation. At 1600 on 23 June the Alert Level was lowered to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the vent and 2.5 km away from the vent on the S, SE, and W flanks. White plumes rose as high has 600 m above the summit and drifted W, NW, E, and SE during 23-25 June.
Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Antara News
Report for Marapi
PVMBG reported that eruptive activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) was ongoing during 19-25 June. White gas-and-steam plumes rose as high as 300 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions during most days. Gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose 300-500 m above the summit and drifted N, NE, and SE during 22-23 June. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 4.5 km away from the active crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Merapi
BPPTKG reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 14-20 June. Seismicity had decreased compared to the previous week. The SW lava dome produced 122 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.7 km down the upper part of the Bebeng drainage on the SW flank. Two pyroclastic flows descended the Bebeng, traveling as far as 1.5 km. Morphological changes to the SW lava dome were due to continuing effusion and collapses of material. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)
Report for Nevado del Ruiz
Servicio Geológico Colombiano’s (SGC) Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Manizales reported that eruptive activity at Nevado del Ruiz continued during 18-24 June. The number of seismic events associated with fluid movement increased in both magnitude and number compared to the previous week. There was an increase in the number of long-duration seismic signals. Some of these signals were associated with ash emissions observed by officials at Parque Nacional Natural de Los Nevados and area residents. Seismicity associated with rock fracturing was stable in both the number and magnitude of events compared to the previous week; these earthquakes at depths of 1-7 km below the summit were primarily located within 10 km of Arenas Crater, particularly to the SE and ESE. The largest event was an M 1.1 which was detected at 2358 on 18 June and was located at a depth of 2 km. Seismic signals indicating lava-dome activity notably increased; on 24 June a period of dome-related seismicity was characterized as having the longest duration and highest number of events since 2015, the year this type of seismicity was first detected. Sulfur dioxide emissions were variable and gas plumes rose as high as 1.4 km above the crater rim and drifted NW, W, and SW. Thermal anomalies on the crater floor were identified in satellite data, though weather conditions often inhibited views. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-level scale), and the public was warned to stay out of the restricted areas around Arenas Crater.
Source: Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC)
Report for Nyamulagira
A 25 June satellite image showed an irregularly shaped thermal anomaly on the NE-central part of Nyamuragira’s crater floor. The anomaly was about 600 m E-W and 800 m N-S, though weather clouds obscured most of the crater. A small bluish gas plume rose from a possible central cone.
Source: Copernicus
Report for Nyiragongo
A 25 June satellite image showed a dark elliptical area of lava on Nyiragongo’s crater floor. A central vent produced a gas-and-steam plume the drifted WNW. The lava area was about 560 m E-W and about 690 m N-S. Thermal anomalies identified in SWIR images corresponded to the location of the lava area along with a small area at the central vent.
Source: Copernicus
Report for Semeru
PVMBG reported that eruptive activity continued at Semeru during 19-25 June. White-and-gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose 400-800 m above the summit and drifted W and SW during 19-22 and 25 June. Daily eruptive events, sometimes several per day, were recorded by the seismic network, though plumes were not always visually confirmed. A 21 June webcam image showed incandescent material at the summit and descending the SE flank. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the third highest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Sheveluch
KVERT reported that thermal anomalies over both the new and older lava domes at Sheveluch were identified in satellite images during 13-21 June. The report noted that the Karan-1 lava dome, located in the SW part of “Old Sheveluch,” was renamed to “300 years of RAS.” The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Suwanosejima
JMA reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 17-24 June and produced volcanic plumes that rose as high as 500 m above the crater rim. Crater incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. No explosions were recorded. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1.5 km away from the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Villarrica
SERNAGEOMIN reported that activity at Villarrica was observed in webcam images on 24 June. The images showed a few pulses of incandescence above the crater rim and plumes rising from the crater. At 0428 on 25 June an explosion ejected incandescent material above the crater rim and produced a gas plume that rose about 700 m above the crater rim and drifted W. The Volcanic Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) and the public was warned to stay 500 m away from the active crater.
Source: Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN)