INGV reported that Etna’s Voragine Crater began erupting on 14 June, after more than three years of quiescence, and continued to eject lava through at least 23 June. The activity gradually increased from spattering lava at a new vent to more vigorous with jets of incandescent lava that rose several tens of meters above the crater rim. A new scoria cone grew inside the crater.

Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV)

The Tonga Geological Services reported that an eruption at Home Reef was ongoing during 18-25 June. Daily thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images, though the number and intensity of the anomalies were variable. At around 0130 on 21 June an ash-and-gas plume was identified in satellite images drifting SE. Lava continued to expand the SE coastline of the island. The Maritime Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale) and mariners were advised to stay 4 km away from the island, the Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest color on a four-color scale), and the Alert level for residents of Vava’u and Ha’apai remained at Green (the lowest color on a four-color scale).

Sources: Tonga Geological Services, Government of Tonga, Culture Volcan

KVERT reported that explosive activity at Karymsky began at 1850 local time on 20 June based on satellite data. The explosions generated ash plumes that rose 5.5-6 km (18,000-19,700 ft) a.s.l., forming an ash cloud that was 16 x 23 km in size, and drifted SSW. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). By 1222 local time on 21 June the ash plume had drifted 540 km S and SE. Explosions produced ash plumes identified in satellite images at 1747 local time that rose 5.3-5.5 km (17,400-18,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 30 km WSW. At 1149 local time on 22 June explosions sent ash plumes to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. that drifted 30 km W based on satellite data. The previous eruption at Karymsky occurred during 3 April 2021-22 August 2022. Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

PVMBG reported that eruptive activity at Lewotobi’s Laki-laki volcano continued during 19-25 June. Daily gray or white-and-gray ash plumes rose 100-1,000 m above the summit and drifted SW, W, and NW. According to news articles PVMBG noted that activity remained at high levels and 5-7 intense eruptive events were recorded daily during 16-22 June. Seismicity indicated that magma continued to move to the surface. According to news articles, recent ashfall had contaminated water resources downwind, significantly impacting residents of Dulipali (6 km NNW) in the Ile Bura District and Hokeng Jaya (4 km NW), Klatanlo (5 km NW), Persiapan Padang Pasir, Persiapan Nawokote B, Boru (8 km WNW), Nawokote (5 km W), and Pululera in Wulanggitang District; tanks of clean water were distributed on 23 June. Ashfall was reported in Hikong (15 km W) and Timutawa (15 km WNW), and in agricultural areas in the Taliura District on 22 June, and caused decreased visibility in areas along the Trans-Flores-Highway between Maumere (62 km W) and Larantuka (35 km NE), and in the Wagte and Lela districts. Ashfall on 25 June again impacted residents of Hikong and Timutawa and covered agricultural fields. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay outside of the exclusion zone, defined as a 3-km radius around both Laki-laki and Perempuan craters, 4 km to the NNW and SSE of Laki-laki.

Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Metro TV News, Metro TV News, Metro TV News, Metro TV News

IMO reported that the eruption that began on 29 May near Sundhnúk, NE of Sýlingarfell within the Reykjanes volcanic system, decreased over a few days and then ended on 24 June, with the eruption spanning a total of 24 days. According to a news article, earlier in the week lava flowed mostly N along Sýlingarfell and thickened in some areas, rising higher than the earthen barriers N of Svartsengi; on 18 June lava flowed over the barrier between Sýlingarfell and Grindavíkurvegar, prompting workers to try to stop the advancement of the lava by spraying water on the flows as an experimental defense. By 20 June lava was flowing over the barrier in three places. Firefighters sprayed water on the lava causing steam-and-gas plumes to rise from the slow-moving flows. Large machinery was also utilized to move dirt and strengthen the barrier. The westernmost flow that overtopped the barrier was the most active and continued to advance and thicken during 20-21 June. Tremor levels decreased, indicating that the eruption was decreasing, though a decreasing rate of uplift in the Svartsengi area continued to be recorded in GPS data.

Images from a drone overflight conducted during the morning of 21 June by Almannavarnadeild ríkislögreglustjóra (National Commissioner of the Icelandic Police and Department of Civil Protection and Emergency Management) showed decreased activity at the main crater. Areas of incandescent lava in the crater were visible; lava flows from the crater were not seen, though flows through lava tubes may have been active. Sulfur dioxide emissions were very low. During a drone survey around noon on 22 June no activity in the crater was visible, indicating that the eruption had ceased. Additionally, tremor levels had decreased to levels similar to those recorded before the eruption began. On 24 June IMO noted that still-molten lava continued to advance over the barrier at Sýlingarfell and on the lava field N of the barrier. At 1410 on 25 June IMO lowered the Aviation Color Code to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale).

Sources: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), Icelandic National Broadcasting Service (RUV), Icelandic National Broadcasting Service (RUV)

INGV reported that eruptive activity continued at Stromboli during 17-23 June. Webcam images showed Strombolian activity at three vents in Area N (two at N1 and one at N2), within the upper part of the Sciara del Fuoco, and from two vents at S2 in Area C-S (South-Central Crater) on the crater terrace. During the week low- to medium-intensity explosive activity at N1 and N2 ejected coarse material (bombs and lapilli) less than 150 m above the vents. The average rate of explosions from this area was 6-14 events per hour. Spattering occurred at N1 and was intense at times. At Area C-S, explosive activity in sector S2 ejected both coarse and fine material as high as 150 m above the vent. The average explosion rate was 5-8 events per hour. At 1225 on 23 June lava began to overflow N1 after a period of intense spattering. Multiple lava flows from N1 converged in the channel scoured out by the 9 October 2022 pyroclastic flow and descended the upper part of the Sciara del Fuoco. Within a few hours activity decreased and by 2100 the flows were cooling. On 24 June Dipartimento della Protezione Civile raised the Alert Level to Orange (the second highest level on a four-level scale), noting the overflow at N1, frequent explosions in Area C-S, and an increase in tremor amplitude.

Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV)

PHIVOLCS reported that daily voluminous steam-and-gas emissions at Taal rose as high as 2.8 km above the rim of Main Crater and drifted NNW, NW, SW, and SSE during 18-24 June, based on webcam images. There were five periods of volcanic tremor recorded during 18-19 and 21-23 June, each lasting 1-10 minutes. Vog was reported during 18-21 June; sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 4,641 tonnes per day on 20 June. During 2130-2132 on 24 June phreatic events generated steam-laden plumes that rose 600 m above Main Crater and drifted W. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 0-5), and PHIVOLCS reminded the public that the entire Taal Volcano Island was a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and to take extra precaution around Main Crater and along the Daang Kastila fissure.

Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

JMA reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 17-24 June. Nighttime crater incandescence was visible during 17-21 June and very small eruptive events occurred during the rest of the week. An explosion at 0002 on 20 June ejected large blocks 500-700 m above the crater rim and produced an ash plume that rose 1.3 km above the crater rim and drifted NW. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 1 km away from both craters.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

PVMBG reported that the eruption at Dukono was ongoing during 19-23 June. Gray-and-white ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose 400-1,200 m above the summit and drifted W, NW, and E on most days. Emissions were not observed during 19-20 June. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 3-km exclusion zone.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 13-21 June. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), an explosion on 14 June generated an ash plume that rose as high as 1 km (3,300 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 28 and 20 June; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

AVO reported that slow lava effusion in Great Sitkin’s summit crater continued during 18-25 June. Seismicity was low with few daily small earthquakes. Minor steaming from the lava flow was visible in satellite images on 18 and 21 June. Slightly elevated surface temperatures at the summit were identified in satellite images during 22-24 June. Weather clouds sometimes obscured or partially obscured satellite and webcam views. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

PVMBG reported decreasing activity at Ibu. Both the number of earthquakes and the height of ash plumes began to decline on 15 June. In addition, the distances of ejected incandescent material also shortened to a radius of 1 km. White, gray, and black ash plumes rose 100-3,000 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions during 19-21 June. Because of the decreasing activity PVMBG lowered the Alert Level to 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) at 1032 on 21 June and advised the public to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 5 km away from the N crater wall opening. On 22 June white-and-gray ash plumes rose as high as 3 km and drifted NW, W, and SW, and on 23 June ash plumes rose as high as 5 km and drifted NW, W, and SW. On 24 June white plumes rose 1 km and drifted W and NW and on 25 June white-and-gray ash plumes rose 400 m and drifted NE, E, and W.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

PVMBG reported that the eruption at Lewotolok continued during 16-25 June. White-to-gray emissions rose as high as 400 m above the summit and mainly drifted W and NW during 16-22 June; an eruptive event was recorded by the seismic network during the week but not visually observed. The number of earthquakes decreased, and the average amplitude of continuous tremor signals also declined. Both shallow and deep earthquakes were recorded but they were not significant. Lava flows on the S, SE, and W flanks continued to be stable. Deformation data indicated deflation. At 1600 on 23 June the Alert Level was lowered to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the vent and 2.5 km away from the vent on the S, SE, and W flanks. White plumes rose as high has 600 m above the summit and drifted W, NW, E, and SE during 23-25 June.

Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Antara News

PVMBG reported that eruptive activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) was ongoing during 19-25 June. White gas-and-steam plumes rose as high as 300 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions during most days. Gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose 300-500 m above the summit and drifted N, NE, and SE during 22-23 June. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 4.5 km away from the active crater.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

BPPTKG reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 14-20 June. Seismicity had decreased compared to the previous week. The SW lava dome produced 122 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.7 km down the upper part of the Bebeng drainage on the SW flank. Two pyroclastic flows descended the Bebeng, traveling as far as 1.5 km. Morphological changes to the SW lava dome were due to continuing effusion and collapses of material. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.

Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)

Servicio Geológico Colombiano’s (SGC) Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Manizales reported that eruptive activity at Nevado del Ruiz continued during 18-24 June. The number of seismic events associated with fluid movement increased in both magnitude and number compared to the previous week. There was an increase in the number of long-duration seismic signals. Some of these signals were associated with ash emissions observed by officials at Parque Nacional Natural de Los Nevados and area residents. Seismicity associated with rock fracturing was stable in both the number and magnitude of events compared to the previous week; these earthquakes at depths of 1-7 km below the summit were primarily located within 10 km of Arenas Crater, particularly to the SE and ESE. The largest event was an M 1.1 which was detected at 2358 on 18 June and was located at a depth of 2 km. Seismic signals indicating lava-dome activity notably increased; on 24 June a period of dome-related seismicity was characterized as having the longest duration and highest number of events since 2015, the year this type of seismicity was first detected. Sulfur dioxide emissions were variable and gas plumes rose as high as 1.4 km above the crater rim and drifted NW, W, and SW. Thermal anomalies on the crater floor were identified in satellite data, though weather conditions often inhibited views. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-level scale), and the public was warned to stay out of the restricted areas around Arenas Crater.

Source: Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC)

A 25 June satellite image showed an irregularly shaped thermal anomaly on the NE-central part of Nyamuragira’s crater floor. The anomaly was about 600 m E-W and 800 m N-S, though weather clouds obscured most of the crater. A small bluish gas plume rose from a possible central cone.

Source: Copernicus

A 25 June satellite image showed a dark elliptical area of lava on Nyiragongo’s crater floor. A central vent produced a gas-and-steam plume the drifted WNW. The lava area was about 560 m E-W and about 690 m N-S. Thermal anomalies identified in SWIR images corresponded to the location of the lava area along with a small area at the central vent.

Source: Copernicus

PVMBG reported that eruptive activity continued at Semeru during 19-25 June. White-and-gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose 400-800 m above the summit and drifted W and SW during 19-22 and 25 June. Daily eruptive events, sometimes several per day, were recorded by the seismic network, though plumes were not always visually confirmed. A 21 June webcam image showed incandescent material at the summit and descending the SE flank. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the third highest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

KVERT reported that thermal anomalies over both the new and older lava domes at Sheveluch were identified in satellite images during 13-21 June. The report noted that the Karan-1 lava dome, located in the SW part of “Old Sheveluch,” was renamed to “300 years of RAS.” The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

JMA reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 17-24 June and produced volcanic plumes that rose as high as 500 m above the crater rim. Crater incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. No explosions were recorded. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1.5 km away from the crater.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

SERNAGEOMIN reported that activity at Villarrica was observed in webcam images on 24 June. The images showed a few pulses of incandescence above the crater rim and plumes rising from the crater. At 0428 on 25 June an explosion ejected incandescent material above the crater rim and produced a gas plume that rose about 700 m above the crater rim and drifted W. The Volcanic Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) and the public was warned to stay 500 m away from the active crater.

Source: Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN)