Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 15 January-21 January 2025
Name	Country	Volcanic Region	Eruption Start Date	Report Status
Ahyi	United States	Mariana Volcanic Arc	2024 Aug 5	New
Bardarbunga	Iceland	Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province	—	New
Fentale	Ethiopia	Main Ethiopian Rift Volcanic Province	—	New
Grimsvotn	Iceland	Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province	—	New
Home Reef	Tonga	Tofua Volcanic Arc	2024 Dec 4	New
Ibu	Indonesia	Halmahera Volcanic Arc	2008 Apr 5	New
Kilauea	United States	Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group	2024 Dec 23	New
Ontakesan	Japan	Nankai Volcanic Arc	—	New
Purace	Colombia	Northern Andean Volcanic Arc	—	New
Aira	Japan	Ryukyu Volcanic Arc	2017 Mar 25	Continuing
Dukono	Indonesia	Halmahera Volcanic Arc	1933 Aug 13	Continuing
Ebeko	Russia	Kuril Volcanic Arc	2022 Jun 11	Continuing
Erta Ale	Ethiopia	Afar Rift Volcanic Province	1967 Jul 2 (in or before) ± 182 days	Continuing
Great Sitkin	United States	Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc	2021 May 25	Continuing
Kanlaon	Philippines	Negros-Sulu Volcanic Arc	2024 Oct 19	Continuing
Karymsky	Russia	Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc	2024 Jun 20	Continuing
Lewotobi	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	2023 Dec 23	Continuing
Merapi	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	2020 Dec 31	Continuing
Nevado del Ruiz	Colombia	Northern Andean Volcanic Arc	2014 Nov 18	Continuing
Semeru	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	2017 Jun 6	Continuing
Sheveluch	Russia	Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc	1999 Aug 15	Continuing
Suwanosejima	Japan	Ryukyu Volcanic Arc	2004 Oct 23	Continuing

All times are local unless otherwise stated.

Ahyi (United States) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Ahyi
Mariana Volcanic Arc

Unrest at Ahyi Seamount continued through 17 January. Signals indicating activity, coming from the direction of Ahyi, were identified in data from underwater pressure sensors near Wake Island (about 2,270 km E of Ahyi) on 9 January. Satellite images showed a distinct plume of discolored water originating from the seamount on 10 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Advisory (the second lowest level on a four-level scale).

Source: US Geological Survey

Bardarbunga (Iceland) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Bardarbunga
Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province

The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) reported that the seismic swarm that began at Bárdarbunga on 14 January in the NW part of the caldera did not escalate further. Only two earthquakes were recorded during 15-16 January, with magnitudes of 2.4 and 1.6, on each day respectively. At 1605 on 16 January the Aviation Color Code was lowered back to Green (the lowest color on a four-color scale).

Source: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO)

Fentale (Ethiopia) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Fentale
Main Ethiopian Rift Volcanic Province

Satellite data analysis by the MIROVA team indicated that thermal anomalies over Fentale crater were visible during 13-14 January and progressively increased in size at least through 0020 on 21 January (local time). No cause of these anomalies has been identified. A visible satellite image showed a possible gas plume over the crater. A 14 January news article stated that the Fentale crater typically hosts a small lake and that billowing plumes rise above the summit. The article also noted that 10,000 people evacuated from Seganto and possibly a total of 54,000 had been evacuated from higher-risk areas. The earthquakes damaged schools, buildings, a factory, and roads.

Sources: MIROVA, VOA News

Grimsvotn (Iceland) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Grimsvotn
Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province

The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) reported that floodwaters from a jökulhlaup originating from Grímsvötn’s subglacial lake peaked, likely on 15 January, then began to slowly decrease. The jökulhlaup was over by 20 January; both seismicity and water discharge levels in the Gígjukvísl river had returned to normal. The pressure decrease caused by the water volume loss from the subglacial lake did not trigger volcanic unrest. At 0948 on 20 January the Aviation Color Code was lowered back to Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO)

Home Reef (Tonga) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Home Reef
Tofua Volcanic Arc

The Tonga Geological Services reported that analysis of satellite images showed no notable size changes at Home Reef during 2-17 January. A thermal anomaly persisted through 21 January, and during 19-21 January it was characterized as low to moderate. The Maritime Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-level scale), and mariners were advised to stay at least 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) away from the island. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-level scale), and the Alert Level for residents of Vava’u and Ha’apai remained at Green (the first level on a four-level scale).

Source: Tonga Geological Services, Government of Tonga

Ibu (Indonesia) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Ibu
Halmahera Volcanic Arc

The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 16-22 January. Daily gray or white-and-gray ash plumes that were often dense rose as high as 1.5 km above the summit and drifted mainly NW, W, and SW. Webcam images posted with the reports often showed incandescence at the summit or being ejected above the summit of the inner active cone.

BNPB reported that following the increase in the Alert Level to the highest level the government issued a decree leading to the coordination of an emergency response and a task force, and that would be in effect for a two-week period. An emergency response team implemented the evacuation of resident in five villages that were deemed at a higher risk for impacts from the eruption. A total of 221 people were evacuated during 16-17 January, though more than 3,000 people were in higher risk locations; on 16 January residents were evacuated from Sangaji Nyeku, the closest village to the summit at 3.7 km, and on 17 January residents were evacuated from the villages of Sosangaji, Tuguis, Togoreba Sungi, Borona, and Todoke. Farmers harvesting nutmeg will be allowed to return to their gardens during daytime hours. According to a news report about 644 people had evacuated by 20 January. The Alert Level remained at 4 (the highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 5 km away from the active crater and 6 km away from the N crater wall opening.

Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Badan Nacional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB), Antara News, Antara News

Kilauea (United States) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Kilauea
Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) reported that the eruption within Kilauea’s Kaluapele summit caldera continued during 15-21 January from both a N and S vent along the SW margin of Halema’uma’u Crater. Webcam images showed continuous incandescence from the N vent overnight during 14-15 January. Low-level continuous lava spattering from the N vent was visible starting at 0540 on 15 January and was followed by a slow-moving lava flow from the N vent at around 0915. Low-level lava fountaining began at around 0955 and flows from the vent increased in size. By 1053 lava flows had covered about 10 percent of the crater floor and the lava fountain was reaching heights of 60 m. Lava fountaining and flows from the S vent began at 1140. During the afternoon field crews onsite observed fountains 90-100 m high from the N vent and 40-50 m high from the S vent. Both fountains were active overnight during 15-16 January. During the morning of 16 January field crews reported fountain heights of 50 m and 40 m from the N and S vents, respectively. Parts of the S vent collapsed at about 0825 causing the fountain height to decrease by half. Lava flows were confined to the SW part of the crater floor, near the vents.

Lava fountains persisted during 16-17 January, occasionally rising as high as 45 m. Lava oozed out of cracks in cooler lava covering the crater floor. Pele’s hair was reported in nearby communities including Uekahuna Overlook, the Kilauea Visitor's Center, the Volcano Golf Course subdivision, Volcano Village, and Ohia Estates. Tephra fell at Uekahuna Overlook and within the closed area of the National Park. Both the N and S vents had built cones that were 30-35 m tall by the morning of 17 January. Lava fountaining continued during 17-18 January, but the fountains remained below the crater rims. Lava ooze-outs on the crater floor continued to be visible. The N vent ceased erupting at around 0945 on 18 January; lava from the S vent continued to flow from the S vent at a lower rate for an additional 20 minutes, stopping at about 1010. Incandescence at the vents persisted overnight during 18-19 January and lava on the crater floor overturned an exposed molten lava. The crater floor was almost entirely dark by the evening of 19 January. Incandescence from the N vent remained strong at least through the morning of 21 January. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

Ontakesan (Japan) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Ontakesan
Nankai Volcanic Arc

The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported increased seismic unrest at Ontakesan. The number of small volcanic earthquakes with epicenters near the summit had increased in mid-December 2024 and further increased in January 2025, most notably on 16 January. Volcanic earthquake totals of 5-8 per day were recorded during 10, 12-13, and 15 January. There were 24 and 19 volcanic earthquakes recorded on 11 and 14 January, respectively. Seismicity escalated on 16 January, with 27 volcanic earthquakes. The Alert Level was raised to 2 (on a scale of 1-5) at 2200 on 16 January and the public was warned to stay 1 km away from Jigokudani Crater. Deformation data did not show any ground movement.

A total of 8-13 daily volcanic earthquake were recorded during 17-20 January. On 21 January the deformation network recorded summit inflation and the number of volcanic earthquakes significantly increased to 273 by 1900. Fumarolic activity remained at normal levels; white emissions from Jigokudani Crater rose 200 m.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Purace (Colombia) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Purace
Northern Andean Volcanic Arc

The Servicio Geologico Colombiano (SGC) reported that seismic tremor at Puracé increased at 2356 on 19 January with events located in the NW part of the Los Coconucos volcanic chain. An ash emission rose 1.4 km above the Curiquinga crater rim and drifted SW, causing a notable sulfur odor in the towns of Puracé (11 km NW) and Coconuco (12 km WNW), along with ashfall in Coconuco, Timbío (34 km WNW), Popayán (30 km NW), and Sotará (23 km W). The emission was detected by pressure sensors, was visible in webcam images, and was observed by nearby residents. A significant increase in sulfur dioxide emissions was detected in satellite data and from instruments at the summit. Deformation was also detected at the Puracé and Curiquinga craters. On 20 January SGC noted that four vents producing gas emissions had been identified based on webcam images and reports by residents: two at Puracé and two new vents in Curiquinga. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC)

Aira (Japan) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Aira
Ryukyu Volcanic Arc

The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 13-20 January. Nightly crater incandescence was visible in webcam images. On 14 January sulfur dioxide emissions were high, averaging 2,300 tons per day. Explosions at 0223 and 0440 on 15 January, at 0626 on 17 January, at 0837, 9090, 1427, and 1526 on 19 January, and at 0842 on 20 January produced ash plumes that rose 300-2,000 m above the crater rim and drifted SE and E. Most of the explosions ejected large blocks 500-1,300 m from the crater rim. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 1 km away from both craters.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Dukono (Indonesia) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Dukono
Halmahera Volcanic Arc

The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Dukono was ongoing during 15-21 January. White-and-gray ash plumes rose 100-800 m above the crater rim and drifted E on most days; emissions were not visible on 19 January possibly in part due to weather conditions. Occasional thumping noises were reported on 20 January. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the Malupang Warirang Crater.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Ebeko (Russia) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Ebeko
Kuril Volcanic Arc

The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that moderate activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 9-16 January. An explosion on 13 January generated an ash plume that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE, according to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E). Satellite images indicated that the volcano was quiet or obscured by weather clouds. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Erta Ale (Ethiopia) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Erta Ale
Afar Rift Volcanic Province

Satellite images of Erta Ale on 7, 17, and 22 January showed thermal anomalies over the N and S pit crater vent areas.

Source: Copernicus

Great Sitkin (United States) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Great Sitkin
Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc

The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick lava flow in Great Sitkin’s summit crater during 14-21 January. The local seismic network continued to detect small earthquakes associated with the ongoing eruption. Mostly cloudy satellite and webcam images prevented clear observations, though steaming from the lava flow was visible during 14-15 January. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Kanlaon (Philippines) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Kanlaon
Negros-Sulu Volcanic Arc

The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported continuing eruptive activity at Kanlaon during 14-21 January. The seismic network recorded 4-17 daily volcanic earthquakes that included 1-5 periods of volcanic tremor lasting five minutes to one hour and 36 minutes; volcanic tremor was not detected on 17 January. Average daily sulfur dioxide emissions ranged from 2,302 to 5,222 tonnes per day. Weather clouds prevented views on 14 and 17 January. There were 2-5 periods of ash emissions during 15-16 and 18-21 January, each as short as two minutes and as long as three hours and seven minutes. Gas-and-steam emissions and those occasionally containing ash rose as high as 300 m above the summit and drifted SW and W. Plumes were voluminous on 21 January.

The eruption continued to impact residents. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) report issued at 0800 on 21 January stated that 9,869 people (3,117 families) were spread across 23 evacuation centers and another 8,376 people (2,648 families) were staying elsewhere. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 0-5); the public was warned to stay 6 km away from the summit and pilots were warned not to fly close to the volcano.

Sources: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)

Karymsky (Russia) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Karymsky
Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc

The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported moderate levels of activity at Karymsky during 9-16 January. A weak thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Lewotobi (Indonesia) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Lewotobi
Sunda Volcanic Arc

The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity continued at Lewotobi Laki-laki during 15-21 January. White-and-gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose as high as 1.5 km above the summit and drifted in multiple directions on 16 and 20 January. White gas-and-steam plumes rose as high as 500 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions on 19 and 21 January. Emissions were not visible on the other days. Incandescence at the crater was periodically visible in a webcam images. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 5 km away from the center of Laki-laki and 6 km in a semicircle counterclockwise from the NE to the SW.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Merapi (Indonesia) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Merapi
Sunda Volcanic Arc

The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 10-16 January. Seismicity was less intense than the previous week. The SW lava dome produced 29 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.9 km SW down the Bebeng drainage, 12 that traveled as far as 1.9 km SW down the Krasak drainage, and 13 that traveled as far as 1.7 km SW down the Sat/Putih drainage. Morphological changes at the SW dome were caused by continuing effusion and collapses of material. No significant morphological changes at the summit dome were visible. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.

Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)

Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Nevado del Ruiz
Northern Andean Volcanic Arc

Servicio Geológico Colombiano’s (SGC) Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Manizales reported that eruptive activity at Nevado del Ruiz continued during 14-20 January. Seismic data indicated that events associated with fluid movement increased in both number and intensity compared to the previous week, but the frequency of pulsating ash-and-gas emissions decreased slightly. Webcam images confirmed some ash emissions and higher-temperature ejecta were associated with some of these events. Notably, at 2145 on 15 January and at 1957 on 20 January, gas-and-ash plumes rose 1.4-2 km above the summit and drifted NW, W, and SW, causing ashfall in Villamaría (28 km NW) and Manizales (28 km NW). Seismicity associated with rock fracturing decreased in both number and magnitude compared to the previous week. The earthquakes with magnitudes less than 1 were located below Arenas Crater and the N, NE, SSE, and SSW flanks within 9 km, and had depths of 1-6 km. Low-to-moderate-energy thermal anomalies on the crater floor were identified in satellite data when weather permitted. Sulfur dioxide emissions detected in satellite data were higher than the previous weeks and charactered as significant. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-level scale), and the public was warned to stay out of the restricted areas around Arenas Crater, not to spend long periods of time on the Murillo-Cerro Gualí Road, and to avoid drainages in the high-threat zones.

Source: Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC)

Semeru (Indonesia) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Semeru
Sunda Volcanic Arc

The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity continued at Semeru during 15-21 January with several daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. Gray or white-and-gray ash plumes rose 400-1000 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions during 15-19 January. Emissions were not observed during 20-21 January. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Sheveluch (Russia) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Sheveluch
Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc

The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that lava extrusion may have continued at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the Young Sheveluch dome during 9-16 January. Daily thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images. Plumes of resuspended ash drifted 74 km SE during 13-14 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Suwanosejima (Japan) | 15 January-21 January 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Suwanosejima
Ryukyu Volcanic Arc

The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 13-20 January. Crater incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. A total of six explosions were recorded and large blocks were sometimes ejected as far as 300 m from the crater. Explosions at 2300 on 13 January, at 0153 and 0346 on 14 January, at 2023 on 17 January, and at 0832 and 1759 on 73 January generated ash plumes that rose 800-1,000 m and drifted SE and E. The plumes sometimes rose into weather clouds. Eruptive events on 13, 18, and 20 January produced ash plumes that rose 1-1.1 km above the crater rim and drifted SE. Occasional rumbling and ashfall were reported within 1 km of the crater according to the Suwanosejima Branch Office in Toshima village (3.5 km SSW). The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1.5 km away from the crater.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

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Criteria

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
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Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

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