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Lamongan

Photo of this volcano
  • Country
  • Volcanic Region
  • Landform | Volc Type
  • Last Known Eruption
  • 7.981°S
  • 113.341°E

  • 1,641 m
    5,384 ft

  • 263320
  • Latitude
  • Longitude

  • Summit
    Elevation

  • Volcano
    Number

Most Recent Weekly Report: 18 April-24 April 2012 Citation IconCite this Report

CVGHM reported that, although weather conditions often prevented observations of Lamongan during 9 March-17 April, white plumes were occasionally seen rising 10-20 m above the crater rim. Seismicity decreased during this period. CVGHM lowered the Alert Level to 1 (on a scale of 1-4) on 19 April.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)


Most Recent Bulletin Report: February 2012 (BGVN 37:02) Citation IconCite this Report

Steep increase in seismicity during February-March 2012

According to the Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM), Lamongan has not erupted since 1898. On several occasions since then, however, seismic activity has increased. Brief periods of earthquakes and earthquake swarms occurred in 1924-25, 1978, 1985, and 1988 (SEAN 10:10, 10:11, 13:02). The Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) reported on 24 September 2003 that aircraft personnel had observed ash over the volcano to a height of about 900 m, but this was not confirmed by on-scene observers (BGVN 28:12). Our previous report noted continuous tremor and an earthquake swarm on 5-6 January 2005 (BGVN 31:01).

CVGHM reported that during 1 February-9 March 2012, diffuse white plumes rose at most 20 m above Lamongan's crater. Seismicity increased on 23 February, then fluctuated in intensity through 7 March. Seismicity increased significantly on 8-9 March (table 1). CVGHM raised the Alert Level to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) on 9 March, and began to monitor the volcano more intensively. Residents and tourists were prohibited from going within a 1-km-radius of the active crater. No eruptions occurred during the reporting period. Increased seismic activity at Lamongan continued at least through 12 March.

Table 1. Seismicity at Lamongan during 1 January-9 March 2012. Data from CVGHM. Shallow volcanic earthquakes were not reported and categories were not defined in the reports.

Date (2012) Deep Volcanic Distant Tectonic Local Tectonic
January 2 16 --
1-22 February 1 15 na
23-29 February 69 7 1
1-7 March 77 6 7
8 March (0000-1200 hours) 135 -- --
9 March (0000-1100 hours, continuous tremor) -- -- 131

Information Contacts: Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM), Jalan Diponegoro 57, Bandung 40122, Indonesia (URL: http://www.vsi.esdm.go.id/); Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC), Bureau of Meteorology, Northern Territory Regional Office, PO Box 40050, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia (URL: http://www.bom.gov.au/info/vaac/).

Weekly Reports - Index


2012: March | April
2003: September


18 April-24 April 2012 Citation IconCite this Report

CVGHM reported that, although weather conditions often prevented observations of Lamongan during 9 March-17 April, white plumes were occasionally seen rising 10-20 m above the crater rim. Seismicity decreased during this period. CVGHM lowered the Alert Level to 1 (on a scale of 1-4) on 19 April.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)


7 March-13 March 2012 Citation IconCite this Report

CVGHM reported that during 1 February-9 March diffuse white plumes rose at most 20 m above Lamongan. Seismicity increased on 23 February, then fluctuated in intensity through 7 March. Seismicity increased significantly on 8 March and tremor was recorded continuously the next day. CVGHM raised the Alert Level to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) on 9 March. Residents and tourists were prohibited from going within a 1-km-radius of the active crater.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)


24 September-30 September 2003 Citation IconCite this Report

According to a report from aircraft personnel, on 24 September ash was visible rising to ~900 m above Lamongan. Ash was not visible on satellite imagery.

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)


Bulletin Reports - Index

Reports are organized chronologically and indexed below by Month/Year (Publication Volume:Number), and include a one-line summary. Click on the index link or scroll down to read the reports.

10/1985 (SEAN 10:10) Seismic swarm near site of 1924-25 and 1978 swarms

11/1985 (SEAN 10:11) Seismicity declines

02/1988 (SEAN 13:02) Increased seismicity but no temperature changes

12/2003 (BGVN 28:12) Pilot notes 24 September ash emission, but it lacks ground confirmation

01/2006 (BGVN 31:01) Above-background seismicity during 5-6 January 2005

02/2012 (BGVN 37:02) Steep increase in seismicity during February-March 2012




Information is preliminary and subject to change. All times are local (unless otherwise noted)


October 1985 (SEAN 10:10) Citation IconCite this Report

Seismic swarm near site of 1924-25 and 1978 swarms

"Lamongan experienced a seismic swarm with ground breakage 2-15 October. More than 3,000 earthquakes were recorded at the VSI observation post at Gunungmeja, near Klakah, W of Lamongan (figure 1). Two additional seismometers were installed in the epicentral area on 5-6 October. Ground breakage occurred in a region ~5 km W of the summit and consisting of numerous ground cracks, some with vertical offsets of 15 cm, striking ENE. No changes were noted in the temperatures or character of the many lakes in the Lamongan area, which fill maars created by prehistoric eruptions. The 1985 activity is in the same general area as two seismic swarms that occurred in 1924-25 and in 1978 but did not culminate in eruptions."

Figure (see Caption) Figure 1. Map of Lamongan, after Van Bemmelen, 1949. Contour interval is 250 m. Contours on the W side of the map mark the lower E flank of Tengger Caldera. Fissures shown are from the 1924-25 earthquake swarm.

"Lamongan was quite active during the 19th century with 40 eruptions, including more than a dozen that produced lava flows. Most were from vents located on the W flank above about 400 m altitude. It is notable that the maars on the W slope of Lamongan all occur at elevations below the historic eruption vents, suggesting that the position of the groundwater table controls its eruptive style. Eruptions from above 400 m altitude form fissure vents and cinder cones that pose little threat to the local inhabitants. Activity from vents below 400 m may give rise to explosive, maar-forming eruptions. The 1985 epicentral area has a surface elevation of 200-380 m. Plans are underway to increase the level of surveillance."

Reference. Van Bemmelen, R., 1949, The geology of Indonesia, v. 1B: M. Nijhoff, The Hague.

Information Contacts: J. Matahelumual, Suparto S., and T. Casadevall, VSI.


November 1985 (SEAN 10:11) Citation IconCite this Report

Seismicity declines

"November activity consisted of an average of one earthquake/day in the October swarm area W of the volcano. Detailed geological and monitoring efforts are now in progress by VSI to evaluate the possibility of a future eruption from the epicentral area."

Information Contacts: T. Casadevall and L. Pardyanto, VSI.


February 1988 (SEAN 13:02) Citation IconCite this Report

Increased seismicity but no temperature changes

A brief seismic swarm centered immediately W of Lamongan cone began on 8 February at 0445. Additional seismicity was recorded through February. No changes have been noted in the temperature or behavior of the maar lakes within the epicentral region. The earthquakes occurred in virtually the same epicentral area as those from the 1978 and 1985 swarms.

Information Contacts: VSI.


December 2003 (BGVN 28:12) Citation IconCite this Report

Pilot notes 24 September ash emission, but it lacks ground confirmation

When last discussed in 1988 (SEAN 13:02), a seismic swarm had occurred here. Except for an uncertain 1953 eruption, 20th- and 21st-century eruptions are unknown. Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory 2003/1 notified aircraft personnel that, on 24 September 2003, ash was visible to ~ 900 m over Lamongan.

In this 2003 case, no confirmations of a plume or other signs of volcanism were available from observers on the scene. Concrete confirmations can establish that the plume did indeed vent here, rather than at another volcano and that it did not result from similar-looking processes of non-volcanic origin (eg., forest fires, crop burning, lofted dust).

Information Contacts: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC), Bureau of Meteorology, Northern Territory Regional Office, PO Box 40050, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia (URL: http://www.bom.gov.au/info/vaac/).


January 2006 (BGVN 31:01) Citation IconCite this Report

Above-background seismicity during 5-6 January 2005

Elevated seismicity occurred at Lamongan on 5-6 January 2005. From 1200 to 0700 on 5 January, 22 events occurred with Modified Mercali Intensity (MMI) of 1. At each of three times (0331, 0447, and 0524) observers noted an event of MMI 3. During this period, instruments detected continuous tremor with an amplitude of 3 to 15 mm. On 5 January there were 282 local tectonic earthquakes and 53 volcanic A-type earthquakes. The volcano alert level was raised to 2.

On 6 January 2005, 107 volcanic A-type earthquakes were recorded. Local tectonic earthquakes over the two day period occurred 159 times, of which 10 of them were events had Modified Mercali Intensity (MMI) of 1-3.

Information Contacts: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC), Bureau of Meteorology, Northern Territory Regional Office, PO Box 40050, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia (URL: http://www.bom.gov.au/info/vaac/).


February 2012 (BGVN 37:02) Citation IconCite this Report

Steep increase in seismicity during February-March 2012

According to the Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM), Lamongan has not erupted since 1898. On several occasions since then, however, seismic activity has increased. Brief periods of earthquakes and earthquake swarms occurred in 1924-25, 1978, 1985, and 1988 (SEAN 10:10, 10:11, 13:02). The Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) reported on 24 September 2003 that aircraft personnel had observed ash over the volcano to a height of about 900 m, but this was not confirmed by on-scene observers (BGVN 28:12). Our previous report noted continuous tremor and an earthquake swarm on 5-6 January 2005 (BGVN 31:01).

CVGHM reported that during 1 February-9 March 2012, diffuse white plumes rose at most 20 m above Lamongan's crater. Seismicity increased on 23 February, then fluctuated in intensity through 7 March. Seismicity increased significantly on 8-9 March (table 1). CVGHM raised the Alert Level to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) on 9 March, and began to monitor the volcano more intensively. Residents and tourists were prohibited from going within a 1-km-radius of the active crater. No eruptions occurred during the reporting period. Increased seismic activity at Lamongan continued at least through 12 March.

Table 1. Seismicity at Lamongan during 1 January-9 March 2012. Data from CVGHM. Shallow volcanic earthquakes were not reported and categories were not defined in the reports.

Date (2012) Deep Volcanic Distant Tectonic Local Tectonic
January 2 16 --
1-22 February 1 15 na
23-29 February 69 7 1
1-7 March 77 6 7
8 March (0000-1200 hours) 135 -- --
9 March (0000-1100 hours, continuous tremor) -- -- 131

Information Contacts: Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM), Jalan Diponegoro 57, Bandung 40122, Indonesia (URL: http://www.vsi.esdm.go.id/); Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC), Bureau of Meteorology, Northern Territory Regional Office, PO Box 40050, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia (URL: http://www.bom.gov.au/info/vaac/).

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 41 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

[ 1953 Apr 4 - 1953 Jun 16 ± 15 days ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption
1953 Apr 4 - 1953 Jun 16 ± 15 days Evidence from Unknown

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Volcanic "smoke"
   - - - -    - - - - Audible Sounds
1953 Apr 4    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1898 Feb 5 - 1898 Feb 15 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption SW flank 400 m (Mt. Anyar)
1898 Feb 5 - 1898 Feb 15 Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 9 Events for Episode 1 at SW flank 400 m (Mt. Anyar)

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Cinder Cone
   - - - -    - - - - Ash
   - - - -    - - - - Blocks
   - - - -    - - - - Earthquakes (undefined) Before.
   - - - -    - - - - Property Damage
   - - - -    - - - - Evacuations
1898 Feb 5    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1896 Sep 5 - 1896 Sep 19 (in or after) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1896 Sep 5 - 1896 Sep 19 (in or after) Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Ash
1896 Sep 5    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1893 Nov 18 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1893 Nov 18 - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 4 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lahar or Mudflow
   - - - -    - - - - Property Damage
1893 Nov 18    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1891 Sep 25 ± 5 days - 1891 Oct 5 ± 4 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1891 Sep 25 ± 5 days - 1891 Oct 5 ± 4 days Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
1891 Sep 25 ± 5 days    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1890 Sep 5 ± 4 days - 1891 Jan (in or after) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1890 Sep 5 ± 4 days - 1891 Jan (in or after) Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow Uncertain
1890 Sep 5 ± 4 days    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1890 Mar 23 ± 8 days - 1890 May Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1890 Mar 23 ± 8 days - 1890 May Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
1890 Mar 23 ± 8 days    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1889 Sep 7 - 1889 Nov Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1889 Sep 7 - 1889 Nov Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Ash
1889 Sep 7    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1888 Sep - 1888 Oct 6 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1888 Sep - 1888 Oct 6 Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Ash
1888 Sep    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1887 Nov - 1888 Feb 27 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1887 Nov - 1888 Feb 27 Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
1887 Nov    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1887 Jul 3 ± 1 days - 1887 Jul 9 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1887 Jul 3 ± 1 days - 1887 Jul 9 Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Ash weak or small
1887 Jul 3 ± 1 days    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1885 Mar 11 - 1886 Oct 15 ± 5 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1885 Mar 11 - 1886 Oct 15 ± 5 days Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 6 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Ash
   - - - -    - - - - Blocks
   - - - -    - - - - Property Damage
1885 Mar 11    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1884 Jan 6 - 1884 Jun 23 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1884 Jan 6 - 1884 Jun 23 Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
1884 Jan 6    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1883 Apr 13 - 1883 May 4 ± 1 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1883 Apr 13 - 1883 May 4 ± 1 days Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 4 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Property Damage
1883 Apr 13    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1877 Apr 24 (?) - 1877 May 12 (?) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 3 (?)

Episode 1 | Eruption
1877 Apr 24 (?) - 1877 May 12 (?) Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 6 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Ash
   - - - -    - - - - Property Damage
1877 Apr 24
(?)
   - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)
1877 May 11    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1874 May 20 - 1874 Aug 21 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1874 May 20 - 1874 Aug 21 Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Ash weak or small
1874 May 20    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1872 Aug 15 - 1872 Sep 18 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1872 Aug 15 - 1872 Sep 18 Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
1872 Aug 15    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1870 Aug 18 - 1871 Feb 5 ± 1 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption Summit and SW flank
1870 Aug 18 - 1871 Feb 5 ± 1 days Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Summit and SW flank

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Ash
   - - - -    - - - - Blocks
1870 Aug 18    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1870 Mar 2 - 1870 Mar 5 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1870 Mar 2 - 1870 Mar 5 Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
1870 Mar 2    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1869 Sep 12 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1869 Sep 12 - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 6 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Avalanche
   - - - -    - - - - Property Damage
1869 Sep 12    - - - - Fatalities
1869 Sep 12    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1869 Apr 6 - 1869 May 4 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption Summit and south slope
1869 Apr 6 - 1869 May 4 Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 5 Events for Episode 1 at Summit and south slope

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Ash
   - - - -    - - - - Property Damage
1869 Apr 6    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1864 Jun 9 - 1864 Jul Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1864 Jun 9 - 1864 Jul Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 4 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Ash
1864 Jun 9    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1861 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1861 - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
1861    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1859 Feb 27 - 1859 Mar Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1859 Feb 27 - 1859 Mar Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 4 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Ash
   - - - -    - - - - Property Damage
1859 Feb 27    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1856 Mar 1 - 1856 Jun 14 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1856 Mar 1 - 1856 Jun 14 Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
1856 Mar 1    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1849 Jun - 1849 Sep Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption Summit and north flank
1849 Jun - 1849 Sep Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Summit and north flank

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Collapse Event was "Partial collapse at end of eruption"
1849 Jun    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1847 Sep 25 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1847 Sep 25 - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
1847 Sep 25    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1847 Mar 26 - 1847 Jun 26 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1847 Mar 26 - 1847 Jun 26 Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 5 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Ash
   - - - -    - - - - Blocks
1847 Mar 26    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1843 Aug - 1844 Sep Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1843 Aug - 1844 Sep Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 5 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow Uncertain
   - - - -    - - - - Property Damage
1843 Aug    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)
1843 Oct 5    - - - - Fatalities

1841 Jul 16 - 1842 Aug Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1841 Jul 16 - 1842 Aug Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
1841 Jul 16    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1838 Oct 18 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1838 Oct 18 - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
1838 Oct 18    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1838 Jul 4 - 1838 Jul 6 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1838 Jul 4 - 1838 Jul 6 Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
1838 Jul 4    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1830 Feb - 1830 Mar Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1830 Feb - 1830 Mar Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
1830 Feb    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1829 Jan - 1829 Feb Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1829 Jan - 1829 Feb Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
1829 Jan    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1826 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1826 - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
1826    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1824 Jan 1 (?) - 1824 Jan 31 (?) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1824 Jan 1 (?) - 1824 Jan 31 (?) Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Scoria
1824 Jan 1
(?)
   - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1821 Dec 15 ± 5 days - 1822 Jan 5 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1821 Dec 15 ± 5 days - 1822 Jan 5 Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
1821 Dec 15 ± 5 days    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1818 Oct 8 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1818 Oct 8 - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
1818 Oct 8    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1817 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1817 - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
1817    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1808 Dec 8 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1808 Dec 8 - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
1808 Dec 8    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1806 May Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1806 May - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 5 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Ash
   - - - -    - - - - Blocks
   - - - -    - - - - Earthquakes (undefined)
1806 May    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1799 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1799 - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
1799    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)
Deformation History

There is data available for 1 deformation periods. Expand each entry for additional details.


Deformation during 2007 Sep - 2007 Dec [Uplift; Observed by InSAR]

Start Date: 2007 Sep Stop Date: 2007 Dec Direction: Uplift Method: InSAR
Magnitude: Unknown Spatial Extent: Unknown Latitude: Unknown Longitude: Unknown

Remarks: Shallow-sourced inflation at Lamongan has so far not resulted in eruption.

Figure (see Caption)

Averaged 2006?2009 LOS velocity map of the west Sunda volcanic arc, Indonesia, from ALOS InSAR time series, overlaying SRTM V4 DEM. Only pixels with a temporal coherence larger than 0.6 are shown. Black arrows: relative plate convergence rates at the Sunda trench (red line). Insets: zoom into 7 deforming volcanic centers, upper left: inflating volcanoes, lower right: deflating volcano.

From: Chaussard and Amelung 2012.


Reference List: Chaussard and Amelung 2012; Philibosian and Simons 2011.

Full References:

Chaussard E, Amelung F, 2012. Precursory inflation of shallow magma reservoirs at west Sunda volcanoes detected by InSAR. Geophysical Research Letters, 39, L21311. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053817

Philibosian, B., and M. Simons, 2011. A survey of volcanic deformation on Java using ALOS PALSAR interferometric time series. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 12: Q11004. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GC003775

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Lamongan.

Photo Gallery

Lamongan, a small volcano located between the massive Tengger and Iyang-Argapura volcanoes, rises above Lamongan Lake on its western flank. Ranu Lamongan lake fills one of 27 maars that surround the volcano, that have diameters ranging from 150 to 700 m. There have been frequent explosive eruptions, mostly from the summit crater, during the 19th century.

Photo by Tom Casadevall, 1985 (U.S. Geological Survey).
The Gunung Anyar scoria cones were formed during an eruption in 1898 at 400 m elevation on the SW flank of Lamongan. The eruption began on 5 February. Activity slowed by the 7th, but the emission of two small lava flows continued, the largest of which traveled 300 m by the time it stopped on 15 February.

Photo by Tom Casadevall, 1987 (U.S. Geological Survey).
A view of Lamongan volcano from the west shows the forested summit of Gunung Tarub, forming the highest point on the volcano to the left, with a younger, sparsely vegetated cone (Gunung Lamongan) constructed to the SW. A volcanic spine was located in the summit crater, which has been the source of most historical eruptions.

Photo published in Taverne, 1926 "Vulkaanstudien op Java," (courtesy of Volcanological Survey of Indonesia).
This lake-filled maar on the NE flank of Lamongan is one of 27 surrounding the volcano. Most historical eruptions have originated from the summit crater.

Photo by Tom Casadevall, 1987 (U.S. Geological Survey).
Lamongan volcano is located between the Tengger and Iyang-Argapura volcanic complexes. A cluster of 27 maars, many filled by lakes, and 37 scoria cones surround the volcano. Tarub is the volcano's highest peak to the left. Lamongan was frequently active during the 19th century, producing both explosive eruptions and lava flows.

Photo by Tom Casadevall, 1985 (U.S. Geological Survey).
Lamongan volcano is located between the Tengger and Iyang-Argapura volcanic complexes. A cluster of 27 maars, many filled by lakes, and 37 scoria cones surround the volcano. Tarub is the volcano's highest peak to the left. Lamongan was frequently active during the 19th century, producing both explosive eruptions and lava flows.

Photo by Tom Casadevall, 1987 (U.S. Geological Survey).
This sketch from the west, published during the mid-19th century, depicts one of the several 19th-century eruptions that produced both explosive activity and lava flow emission from the summit crater. One of the many lake-filled maars surrounding the volcano is seen in the foreground.

Sketch by F. Junghuhn (from the collection of Maurice and Katia Krafft).
The sparsely vegetated slopes of Gunung Lamongan rise above grasslands at the western flank of the volcano.

Photo by Sumarma Hamidi, 1973 (Volcanological Survey of Indonesia).
The small Lurus volcanic complex (middle right) lies along the northern coast of eastern Java, below and to the right of the low clouds at the right-center. Lurus lies N of the Iyang-Argapura massif, the broad volcanic complex covering much of the left center of this aerial view from the NE. The conical volcano beyond Iyang-Argapura is Lamongan volcano, and the Tengger-Semeru massif lies along the center of the horizon. The triple-peaked volcano on the right horizon is Kawi-Butak.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2000 (Smithsonian Institution)
GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

The maps shown below have been scanned from the GVP map archives and include the volcano on this page. Clicking on the small images will load the full 300 dpi map. Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Lamongan in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites