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Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Weekly Volcanic Activity Map

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 27 November-3 December 2024
Name Country Volcanic Province Eruption Start Date Report Status
Ahyi United States Mariana Volcanic Arc New
Ibu Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 2008 Apr 5 New
Kanlaon Philippines Negros-Sulu Volcanic Arc New
Lewotobi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2023 Dec 23 New
Ranakah Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc New
Reykjanes Iceland Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province New
Ulawun Papua New Guinea Bismarck Volcanic Arc New
Aira Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2017 Mar 25 Continuing
Dukono Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 1933 Aug 13 Continuing
Ebeko Russia Kuril Volcanic Arc 2022 Jun 11 Continuing
Fuego Guatemala Central America Volcanic Arc 2002 Jan 4 Continuing
Great Sitkin United States Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc 2021 May 25 Continuing
Karymsky Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 2024 Jun 20 Continuing
Manam Papua New Guinea Bismarck Volcanic Arc 2018 May 10 ± 10 days Continuing
Marapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2023 Dec 3 Continuing
Merapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2020 Dec 31 Continuing
Popocatepetl Mexico Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt 2005 Jan 9 Continuing
Santa Maria Guatemala Central America Volcanic Arc 1922 Jun 22 Continuing
Semeru Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2017 Jun 6 Continuing
Sheveluch Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 1999 Aug 15 Continuing
Slamet Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc Continuing
Suwanosejima Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2004 Oct 23 Continuing
Taal Philippines Taiwan-Luzon Volcanic Arc 2024 Apr 12 Continuing
All times are local unless otherwise stated.
Weekly Reports Archive

Since the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report began in November 2000, there have been 20,740 individual reports over 1,248 weeks (average of 17 per week) on 338 different volcanoes.

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Adams Cotopaxi Iliwerung Llaima Popocatepetl Sumisujima
Agung Cuicocha Inielika Lokon-Empung Purace Sundoro
Ahyi Cumbal Ioto Lonquimay Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Suoh
Aira Dabbahu Irazu Lopevi Rabaul Suretamatai
Akan Davidof Iwatesan Machin Raikoke Suwanosejima
Alaid Dempo Iya Makushin Ranakah Taal
Alu-Dalafilla Descabezado Grande Izu-Torishima Maly Semyachik Raoul Island Tair, Jebel at
Ambae Dieng Volcanic Complex Jackson Segment Manam Rasshua Takawangha
Ambang Dukono Kaba Manda Hararo Raung Talang
Ambrym East Epi Kadovar Marapi Redoubt Tambora
Anatahan Ebeko Kaitoku Seamount Maroa Reventador Tanaga
Aniakchak Ebulobo Kama'ehuakanaloa Martin Reykjanes Tandikat-Singgalang
Antillanca Volcanic Complex Edgecumbe Kambalny Masaya Rincon de la Vieja Tangkoko-Duasudara
Antuco Egon Kanaga Matthew Island Rinjani Tangkuban Parahu
Apoyeque Ekarma Kanlaon Maule, Laguna del Ritter Island Tara, Batu
Arenal Eldey Karangetang Mauna Loa Rotorua Ta'u
Asamayama Erebus Karkar Mayon Ruang Taupo
Askja Erta Ale Karthala McDonald Islands Ruapehu Telica
Asosan Etna Karymsky Melebingoy Ruby Tenerife
Atka Volcanic Complex Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] Kasatochi Melimoyu Ruiz, Nevado del Tengger Caldera
Augustine Eyjafjallajokull Katla Merapi Sabancaya Three Sisters
Avachinsky Fagradalsfjall Katmai Midagahara Sakar Tinakula
Awu Fernandina Kavachi Misti, El Salak Tofua
Axial Seamount Fogo Kelimutu Miyakejima San Cristobal Tokachidake
Azul, Cerro Fonualei Kelud Momotombo San Miguel Tolbachik
Azumayama Fournaise, Piton de la Kerinci Monowai San Vicente Toliman
Bagana Fourpeaked Ketoi Montagu Island Sangay Tongariro
Balbi Fuego Kharimkotan Moyorodake [Medvezhia] Sangeang Api Trident
Bamus Fujisan Kick 'em Jenny Mutnovsky Santa Ana Tungurahua
Banda Api Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba Kie Besi Myojinsho Santa Maria Turrialba
Bardarbunga Galeras Kikai Nabro Sao Jorge Ubinas
Barren Island Galunggung Kilauea Negra, Sierra Sarigan Ugashik-Peulik
Batur Gamalama Kirishimayama Negro, Cerro Sarychev Peak Ukinrek Maars
Bezymianny Gamkonora Kita-Ioto Nightingale Island Saunders Ulawun
Bogoslof Gareloi Kizimen Nishinoshima Savo Unnamed
Brava Gaua Klyuchevskoy Nisyros Semeru Unnamed
Bristol Island Gorely Kolokol Group Novarupta Semisopochnoi Veniaminof
Bulusan Great Sitkin Koryaksky NW Rota-1 Seulawah Agam Villarrica
Calbuco Grimsvotn Krakatau Nyamulagira Sheveluch Vulcano
Callaqui Guagua Pichincha Krummel-Garbuna-Welcker Nyiragongo Shishaldin West Mata
Cameroon Guallatiri Krysuvik-Trolladyngja Ofu-Olosega Simbo Westdahl
Campi Flegrei Guntur Kuchinoerabujima Okataina Sinabung Whakaari/White Island
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia Hachijojima Kurikomayama Okmok Sinarka Witori
Cayambe Hakoneyama Kusatsu-Shiranesan Ontakesan Siple Wolf
Chachadake [Tiatia] Heard Kverkfjoll Oraefajokull Sirung Wrangell
Chaiten Hekla La Palma Osorno Slamet Yakedake
Chiginagak Helgrindur Lamington Pacaya Snaefellsjokull Yasur
Chikurachki Hierro Lamongan Pagan Soputan Yellowstone
Chiles-Cerro Negro Hokkaido-Komagatake Langila Palena Volcanic Group Sorikmarapi Yufu-Tsurumi
Chillan, Nevados de Home Reef Lanin Paluweh Sotara Zaozan [Zaosan]
Chirinkotan Hood Lascar Panarea Soufriere Hills Zavodovski
Chirpoi Huaynaputina Late Papandayan Soufriere St. Vincent Zhupanovsky
Ciremai Hudson, Cerro Lateiki Pavlof South Sarigan Seamount Zubair Group
Cleveland Huila, Nevado del Lengai, Ol Doinyo Pelee Spurr
Colima Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Leroboleng Peuet Sague St. Helens
Colo Ibu Lewotobi Pinatubo Stromboli
Concepcion Ijen Lewotolok Planchon-Peteroa Sulu Range
Copahue Iliamna Little Sitkin Poas Sumbing
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A Google Earth network link for the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report can be loaded into the free Google Earth software, and in turn will load placemarks for volcanoes in the current weekly report. Placemark balloons include the volcano name, report date, report text, sources, and links back to the GVP volcano profile page and to the complete Weekly Report for that week. This feature was first made available on 1 April 2009.

 Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria



The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers



1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

4. Many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source.

5. USGS Disclaimer Statement for this Website:

Information presented on this website is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. Use of appropriate byline/photo/image credit is requested. We strongly recommend that USGS data be acquired directly from a USGS server and not through other sources that may change the data in some way. While USGS makes every effort to provide accurate and complete information, various data such as names, telephone numbers, etc. may change prior to updating. USGS welcomes suggestions on how to improve our home page and correct errors. USGS provides no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of furnished data.

Some of the documents on this server may contain live references (or pointers) to information created and maintained by other organizations. Please note that USGS does not control and cannot guarantee the relevance, timeliness, or accuracy of these outside materials.

For site security purposes and to ensure that this service remains available to all users, this government computer system employs software programs to monitor network traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to upload or change information, or otherwise cause damage. Unauthorized attempts to upload information or change information on this website are strictly prohibited and may be punishable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act. Information may also be used for authorized law enforcement investigations. (Last modified September 21, 1999.)

U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm

 Acronyms and Abbreviations

a.s.l. - above sea level

AVO - Alaska Volcano Observatory

AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CENAPRED - Centro Nacionale de Prevencion de Desastres (México)

CONRED - Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres

COSPEC - Correlation Spectrometer

CVGHM (formerly VSI) - Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation

CVO - Cascades Volcano Observatory (USGS)

GMS - Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GVO - Goma Volcano Observatory

GVP - Global Volcanism Program (Smithsonian Institution)

HVO - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS)

ICE - Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Costa Rica)

IG - Instituto Geofísico (Ecuador)

IGNS - Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (New Zealand) - now GNS Science

INETER - Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaragua)

INGEMMET - Instituto Geológical Minero y Metalúrgico (Peru)

INGEOMINAS - Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería (Colombia)

INGV-CT - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (Italy)

INSIVUMEH - Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrologia (Guatemala)

IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France)

JMA - Japanese Meteorological Agency

KEMSD - Kamchatkan Experimental and Methodical Seismilogical Department

KVERT - Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team

M - magnitude

METEOSAT - Meteorological Satellite

MEVO - Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory

MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MVO - Montserrat Volcano Observatory

MWO - Meteorological Watch Office

NEIC - National Earthquake Information Center

NIED - National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan)

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOTAM - Notice to Airmen

OVDAS - Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (Chile)

OFDA - Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance

ONEMI - Oficina Nacional de Emergencia - Ministerio del Interior (Chile)

OVPDLF - Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (France)

OVSICORI-UNA - Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Philippines)

RSAM - Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement

RVO - Rabaul Volcano Observatory

SERNAGEOMIN - Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (Chile)

SIGMET - Significant Meteorological Information

SNET - Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (El Salvador)

SVERT - Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (Russia)

USAID - US Agency for International Development

USGS - United States Geological Survey

UTC - Coordinated Universal Time

VAAC - Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

VAFTAD - Volcanic Ash Forecast Transport And Dispersion

VDAP - Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (USGS)

VHP - Volcano Hazards Program (USGS)

VRC - Volcano Research Center (Japan)

Report for Ahyi
No plumes of discolored water surrounding Ahyi Seamount have been identified in satellite images since 20 November and no significant signals were identified in data from underwater pressure sensors near Wake Island (about 2,270 km E of Ahyi) during 20-29 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Advisory (the second lowest level on a four-level scale).
Source: US Geological Survey
Report for Ibu
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 27 November-3 December. Daily gray or white-and-gray ash plumes that were often dense rose as high as 1.2 km above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. Daily webcam images posted with the reports showed incandescence at the summit of the inner active cone. According to BNPB an eruptive event at 2144 on 1 December ejected incandescent material 700 m above the summit and lasted about two and a half minutes based on seismic data. The event prompted PVMBG to increase the hazard zone radius to 5.5 km on the N flank; the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater in all other directions. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale).
Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Badan Nacional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB)
Report for Kanlaon
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported a continuing eruption at Kanlaon during 26 November-3 December. The seismic network recorded 5-26 daily volcanic earthquakes, and sulfur dioxide emissions ranged from 2,524 to 9,377 tonnes per day. Moderate gas-and-steam emissions rose 100-750 m above the summit and drifted mainly SW, W, and NE. There were 1-5 daily ash emission events during 26-29 November and on 1 December, with each lasting 5-35 minutes. According to the Tokyo VAAC the ash emissions on those same days rose 2.7-3.4 km (9,000-11,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW, NNW, and NE. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5) and PHIVOLCS reminded the public to remain outside of the 4-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone and warned pilots not to fly close to the volcano.
Sources: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)
Report for Lewotobi
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity continued at Lewotobi Laki-laki during 16 November-3 December. The average heights of eruption plumes decreased to 0.5-2 km above the summit during 16-25 November compared to averages of 1-3 km recorded the week before. There were fewer eruptive events, though some were accompanied by notable ash plumes and rumbling sounds. A lava flow on the WNW flank was 3.8 km long and one on the NE flank was around 2 km long; neither flow was advancing. The eruption level remained at a high level, though was decreasing. On 26 November the exclusion zone was modified, prohibiting entry within a radius of 7 km from the center of Laki-laki in all directions. During 27-29 November daily white-and-gray ash plumes rose 1-3 km above the summit and drifted SW, W, NW, and N. White-and-gray ash plumes rose 0.1-1.5 km above the summit and drifted in multiple directions during 30 November-3 December. According to a news report the Frans Xavier Seda Airport (252 km W) reopened after being closed since 17 July due to volcanic ash; ticket sales have resumed for flights starting on 16 December. In November the eruption had affected more than 10,000 residents and caused 10 deaths. The Alert Level remained at 4 (on a scale of 1-4).
Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Antara News, Antara News
Report for Ranakah
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported increased seismicity at Ranakah. During 1 November-2 December field observers noted typical diffuse white plumes rising from the NW and SW bases of the lava dome. Though seismicity was dominated by tectonic earthquakes, the number of low-frequency earthquakes significantly increased compared to October. Seismic data also indicated the emergence of both shallow and deep volcanic earthquakes. At 0800 on 3 December the Alert Level was raised to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 1 km away from the crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Reykjanes
The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) reported that the eruption that began on 20 November at the Sundhnúkur crater row in a location between Stóra-Skógfell and Sýlingarfell, within the Reykjanes volcanic system, continued during 26 November-3 December. Lava erupted from a single cone and slowly traveled E and SE towards and alongside Fagradalsfjall. The lava flow field near Fagradalsfjall thickened and slightly expanded; advancement of the lava flow front was slow. The average flow rate was estimated to be 11 cubic meters per second during 23-28 November, based on measurements taken by the Icelandic Institute of Natural History, and 5-10 cubic meters per second during 28-29 November. The sulfur dioxide emission rate on 28 November was 64-71 kg/s or about 5,500-6,100 tons per day. Gas plumes rose 500-800 m a.s.l. Deformation data showed minimal daily changes and suggested that magma input into the accumulation zone beneath Svartsengi was similar to the lava effusion rate. On 28 November Icelandic Institute of Natural History experts, who conducted field measurements and an aerial survey, concluded that lava covered an area of 9.2 square kilometers, had an approximate volume of 47 million cubic meters, and averaged 5 m thick. The eruption was the second largest by volume among eruptions at the Sundhnúkur Crater Row since December 2023. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Source: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO)
Report for Ulawun
The Rabaul Volcano Observatory (RVO) reported that seismicity at Ulawun was low during 1-19 November, dominated by very small low-frequency earthquakes occurring at short intervals. Seismicity increased on 19 November and remained elevated during the rest of the month. High-frequency volcano-tectonic earthquakes began to occur at around 1300 on 19 November; the number of those events increased at 1645 and again at 0000 on 20 November. At around 1800 on 20 November low-amplitude non-harmonic volcanic tremor emerged and a slight increase in the amplitude of those signals began a couple of hours later. Seismicity fluctuated at elevated levels until 0900 on 28 November; during brief periods of reduced tremor, distinct, high-frequency, volcano-tectonic events were evident. RVO recommended a declaration of Alert Level Stage 1 (the lowest level of a four-stage scale).
Source: Rabaul Volcano Observatory (RVO)
Report for Aira
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 25 November-2 December. Nightly crater incandescence was visible in webcam images. Small eruptive events were recorded on 25 and 30 November. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 1 km away from both craters.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Dukono
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Dukono was ongoing during 27 November-2 December. Emissions were not visible on 27 November. Daily gray-and-white ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose as high as 1.2 km above the summit and drifted NW, W, and SE during the rest of the week. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 3-km exclusion zone.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Ebeko
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that moderate activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 21-28 November. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions on 23 November generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NW. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images on 27 November; weather conditions prevented views on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Fuego
The Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH) reported that eruptive activity continued at Fuego during 26 November-3 December. Daily explosions were recorded by the seismic network at rates of 4-13 per hour. The explosions generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose over 1 km above the summit and drifted as far as 50 km SW and W. During dark hours on most days incandescent ejecta from explosions was visible rising as high as 400 m above the summit. The explosions generated block avalanches that mostly descended the Las Lajas (SE), Seca (W), Taniluya (SSW), and Ceniza (SSW) drainages, but occasionally descended all flanks, and sometimes reached vegetated areas. Rumbling sounds and shock waves from explosions were occasionally reported. Ashfall was reported in Panimache I and II (8 km SW), Morelia (10 km SW), Santa Sofia (12 km SW), Yepocápa (8 km NW), El Porvenir (8 km ENE), Finca Palo Verde, Pochuta (24 km WNW), and Patulul (30 km W) on a few of the days and forecasted for areas downwind on the other days.
Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)
Report for Great Sitkin
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick lava flow in Great Sitkin’s summit crater during 26 November-3 December. The flow had filled most of the summit crater with minor advancement along the N margins. The local seismic network continued to detect small earthquakes associated with the ongoing eruption. Weather clouds obscured webcam and satellite views of the summit most of the week, though weakly elevated surface temperatures were identified in satellite images on 26 November and a small steam plume from the summit was visible in satellite images during 30 November-1 December. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
Report for Karymsky
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported moderate levels of activity at Karymsky during 21-28 November. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images on 23, 25, and 28 November; weather conditions prevented views on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Manam
The Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) reported that ash emissions from Manam were identified in satellite images during 29 November-1 December rising 2.4-3 km (8,000-10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifting NW and W. Weather clouds occasionally obscured or partially obscured views.
Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)
Report for Marapi
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) reported declining activity at Marapi. During 23-30 November white plumes rose 100-150 m above the summit. Two eruptive events were recorded by the seismic network on 29 November, but weather clouds prevented visual observations; any ejecta likely fell near the crater. Earthquake signals indicating eruption events were rarely being recorded and signals indicating emissions were declining. The number of deep volcanic earthquakes was lower compared to the previous week and other seismic indicators showed stability. RSAM values fluctuated around baseline levels. No deformation during 15-27 November was detected using InSAR or data from the Batupalano Station tiltmeter. Sulfur dioxide emissions measured from satellite were low at 57 tons per day on 24 November. In general monitoring data and activity levels fluctuated but declined overall. The Alert Level was lowered to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) at 1500 on 1 December, and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the active crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Merapi
The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 22-28 November. Seismicity was higher compared to the previous week. The SW lava dome produced 105 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.7 km down the Bebeng drainage on the SW flank. Morphological changes to the SW lava dome resulted from continuing effusion and collapses of material. The volume of the SW dome was an estimated 3,177,100 cubic meters based a 21 November analysis of webcam images. The volume of the main crater was stable at an estimated 2,361,800 cubic meters. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)
Report for Popocatepetl
The Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (CENAPRED) reported that eruptive activity continued at Popocatépetl during 26 November-3 December. The seismic network recorded 16-51 long-period events per day that were accompanied by steam-and-gas emissions sometimes containing minor amounts of ash. The seismic network also recorded daily tremor, sometimes characterized as low-amplitude and/or high-frequency, with periods lasting 11 minutes to as long as nearly nine hours. Notable eruptive events at 0510 and 0630 on 1 December ejected material onto the upper flanks. According to the Washington VAAC ash plumes were visible in webcam and satellite images during 27-30 November, 1 December, and 3 December rising 5.8-6.1 km (19,000-20,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifting mostly SW, W, and NW. The Alert Level remained at Yellow, Phase Two (the middle level on a three-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 12 km away from the crater.
Sources: Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres (CENAPRED), Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)
Report for Santa Maria
The Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Santa Maria’s Santiaguito dome complex during 19 November-3 December with continuing lava extrusion at Caliente dome. Daily explosions, as many as 11 per hour when reported, generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose as high as 900 m above the dome and drifted W, SW, S, and SE. Effusion of blocky lava and collapses of material produced block avalanches that descended the SE, S, and SW flanks; the avalanches could sometimes be heard in areas several kilometers away. Collapsed material produced short pyroclastic flows on a few of the days. Incandescence at the crater was sometimes visible during dark hours. Ashfall was reported on a few of the days in areas downwind including on farms to the SW, Monte Bello, Las Marías (10 km S), San Marcos (10 km SW), El Faro (7 km S), Finca El Patrocinio (9 km SSW), San Felipe Retalhuleu (27 km SSW), Paulownia, Palajunoj (17 km SSW), and surrounding areas.
Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)
Report for Semeru
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity continued at Semeru during 27 November-3 December with several daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. Daily white-and-gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose as high as 1 km above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Sheveluch
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that lava extrusion may have continued at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the dome at Young Sheveluch during 21-28 November. Daily thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Slamet
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported increased seismicity at Slamet in a 29 November press release. An increase in the number of deep volcanic earthquakes in May was followed by increases in the numbers of low-frequency earthquakes and earthquakes indicating emissions during May-August, more frequent shallow volcanic earthquakes during June-July, and increased tremor amplitude during late September. Earthquakes indicating emissions, low-frequency earthquakes, non-harmonic tremor, and continuous tremor continued to be recorded during November. A non-harmonic tremor signal recorded during 0735-0746 on 28 November was followed by an increase in the amplitude of continuous tremor. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the summit.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Suwanosejima
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 25 November-2 December. Crater incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. An explosion was recorded at 0127 on 28 November; no details of emissions were provided. Eruptive events at 2133 on 30 November and then at 0652 and 1053 on 1 December produced ash plumes that rose 1.2-1.3 km above the crater rim and drifted SE on the 30th and remained above the summit on the 1st. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1.5 km away from the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Taal
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported continuing eruptive activity at Taal during 26 November-3 December. Emissions generally rose 500-600 m above the crater rim and drifted W and SW. Two phreatic events during 28-29 November, each 5-6 minutes long, produced emissions that rose 1.2-1.5 km above the crater rim. There were two volcanic earthquakes recorded by the seismic network on 27 November and 26 volcanic earthquakes including a two-minute period of tremor on 28 November. Zero to four volcanic earthquakes and periods of volcanic tremor lasting 2-6 minutes were recorded on the other days of the week. Sulfur dioxide gas flux averaged 6,307 and 7,216 tonnes per day (t/d) on 27 and 30 November, respectively; the monthly average was 5,283 (t/d).

A minor phreatomagmatic eruption occurred at 0558 on 3 December and lasted four minutes based on monitoring data and webcam views. Jets of dark material rose 600 m and gas, steam, and ash plumes rose 2.8 km above the island and drifted WSW. Trace amounts of ashfall were reported in Poblacion (10-19 km SW), Agoncillo (8 km WSW), and Buso-buso (8 km W). PHIVOLCS noted that increased gas emissions had been recorded the past month and localized inflation on Taal Volcano Island has been detected since September, though volcanic earthquake levels have been low. The phreatomagmatic event was likely driven by the interaction of water with a small batch of shallow magma that has been degassing for the past three years. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 0-5), and PHIVOLCS reminded the public that the entire Taal Volcano Island was a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and recommended that the Main Crater and areas along the Daang Kastila fissure should remain prohibited.
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)