Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 21 June-27 June 2023
Name	Location	Eruption Start Date	Report Status
Klyuchevskoy	Central Kamchatka (Russia)	—	New
Kuchinoerabujima	Ryukyu Islands (Japan)	—	New
Lokon-Empung	Sulawesi	—	New
Mayon	Luzon (Philippines)	2023 Apr 27 ± 2 days	New
Ubinas	Peru	—	New
Ahyi	Mariana Islands (USA)	—	Continuing
Aira	Kyushu (Japan)	2017 Mar 25	Continuing
Cotopaxi	Ecuador	—	Continuing
Ebeko	Paramushir Island (Russia)	2022 Jun 11	Continuing
Fuego	South-Central Guatemala	2002 Jan 4	Continuing
Great Sitkin	Andreanof Islands (USA)	2021 May 25	Continuing
Karangetang	Sangihe Islands	2018 Nov 25	Continuing
Lewotolok	Lembata Island	2020 Nov 27	Continuing
Merapi	Central Java	2020 Dec 31	Continuing
Nevado del Ruiz	Colombia	2014 Nov 18	Continuing
Popocatepetl	Mexico	2005 Jan 9	Continuing
Reventador	Ecuador	2008 Jul 27	Continuing
Rincon de la Vieja	Costa Rica	2021 Jun 28	Continuing
Santa Maria	Southwestern Guatemala	1922 Jun 22	Continuing
Semeru	Eastern Java	2017 Jun 6	Continuing
Sheveluch	Central Kamchatka (Russia)	1999 Aug 15	Continuing
Suwanosejima	Ryukyu Islands (Japan)	2004 Oct 23	Continuing

All times are local unless otherwise stated.

Klyuchevskoy | 21 June-27 June 2023 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Klyuchevskoy
Central Kamchatka (Russia)

KVERT reported that a minor Strombolian eruption began at Klyuchevskoy at 2323 on 22 June and a bright thermal anomaly was visible in satellite images. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Kuchinoerabujima | 21 June-27 June 2023 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Kuchinoerabujima
Ryukyu Islands (Japan)

JMA reported that the number of volcanic earthquakes increased at Kuchinoerabujima. A total of 100 shallow volcanic earthquakes were recorded during 17-26 June with most epicenters located near Furudake Crater and some located near Shindake Crater (just N of Furudake). Sulfur dioxide emissions were low, and typical white emissions rose 100-500 m above Shindake on 13 and 25 June. No changes at the geothermal area on the W flank of Shindake were observed during a field inspection during 19-20 June. The Alert Level was raised to 2 (on a scale of 1-5) on 26 June due to the increased seismicity. The public was warned that ejected blocks and pyroclastic flows may impact areas within 2 km of Shindake.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Lokon-Empung | 21 June-27 June 2023 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Lokon-Empung
Sulawesi

PVMBG reported continuing daily emissions at Lokon-Empung during 21-27 June. The plumes had variable densities, rose as high as 300 m above the crater rim, and were white on most days; plumes were described as white and gray on 21 June. The volcano Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was reminded not to approach Tompaluan Crater within a radius of 1.5 km.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Mayon | 21 June-27 June 2023 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Mayon
Luzon (Philippines)

PHIVOLCS reported that eruptive activity continued at Mayon during 20-27 June. Slow aseismic lava effusion few a growing lava dome in the summit crater and fed lava flows that advanced down the Mi-isi (S) and Bonga (SE) drainages. Previously reported maximum lava flow lengths of 2.5 km along the Mi-isi and 1.8 km along the Bonga drainages were revised on 24 June to 1.3 km and 1.2 km, respectively; by 27 June the Mi-isi flow was 1.6 km long. The dome remained unstable and produced incandescent rockfalls and pyroclastic density currents (PDCs, or pyroclastic flows). The collapse material traveled as far as 3.3 km away from the crater. Daily steam-and-gas emissions rose as high as 800 m above the crater and drifted SW, WSW, and W. Average daily measurements of sulfur dioxide emissions fluctuated between 507 and 925 tonnes per day. Each day, seismic stations recorded 241-339 rockfall events and 1-17 PDC events, each lasting up to five minutes. On 26 June PHIVOLCS released an advisory due to increased seismic activity and ground deformation, noting that the number of volcano-tectonic earthquakes increased during the week; there were two during 20-21 June, two during 23-24 June, and 107 during 26-27 June. The increased seismicity was accompanied by a sharp increase in ground tilt on the SW part of the volcano. The Disaster Response Operations Monitoring and Information Center (DROMIC) reported that as of 1600 on 27 June, the increased unrest had affected a total of 41,488 people and displaced a total of 20,138 people from 26 barangays within the province of Albay. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 0-5 scale). Residents were reminded to stay away from the 6-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ), and PHIVOLCS recommended that civil aviation authorities advise pilots to avoid flying close to the summit.

Sources: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), Disaster Response Operations Monitoring and Information Center (DROMIC)

Ubinas | 21 June-27 June 2023 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Ubinas
Peru

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that a new eruption began at Ubinas on 22 June after three days on increased seismicity. The seismic network recorded a total of 315 volcano-tectonic earthquakes with a maximum magnitude of 1.8 and 281 long-period earthquakes. The eruption began at 0011 on 22 June with a minor ash plume rising 1 km above the crater rim and drifted E based on seismicity and webcams.

During 23-25 June IGP reported a total of 402 volcano-tectonic earthquakes with a maximum magnitude of 1.9 and 865 long-period earthquakes. Sporadic diffuse ash emissions continued during this period that rose as high as 1.5 km above the crater rim. On 23 June the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that diffuse ash plumes were visible in satellite images rising to 6.4 km (21,000 ft) a.s.l., or about 700 m above the summit, and drifting NE and NW. At 1500 they noted that continuous steam emissions occasionally accompanied by diffuse ash puffs were visible in webcam images. On 24 June small diffuse ash puffs were visible in webcam and satellite images rising 6.4-7 km (21,000-23,000 ft) a.s.l., or 700-1,300 m above the summit, and drifting NW. On 25 June continuous gas emissions with sporadic diffuse ash puffs were visible in webcam images, though the ash was too diffuse to be detected in satellite images. IGP noted that no notable deformation nor thermal anomalies were detected. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale).

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP), Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

Ahyi | 21 June-27 June 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Ahyi
Mariana Islands (USA)

Unrest at Ahyi Seamount possibly continued during 21-27 June. One small hydroacoustic signal coming from the direction of the seamount was detected by pressure sensors on Wake Island (2,270 km E) during 23-24 June. Data from the sensors on Wake Island stopped transmitting at 0414 on 24 June though no signals were detected by sensors on Saipan during the rest of the week. No surface activity was visible in satellite images. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Advisory (the second lowest level on a four-level scale).

Source: US Geological Survey

Aira | 21 June-27 June 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Aira
Kyushu (Japan)

JMA reported ongoing activity at both Minamidake Crater and Showa Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 19-26 June. Very small eruptive events occasionally occurred at Minamidake and incandescence was observed at night. An explosion at Showa at 0438 on 22 June produced an ash plume that rose 600 m above the crater rim and drifted E and ejected blocks 500-800 m from the vent. Sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 1,400 tons per day on 22 June. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from both craters.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Cotopaxi | 21 June-27 June 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Cotopaxi
Ecuador

IG reported that moderate eruptive activity continued at Cotopaxi during 20-27 June. Several gas-and-ash emissions rose as high as 900 m above the summit and drifted S, SW, and W during 21-22 June. During 22-23 June gas plumes with low amounts of ash rose less than 200 m above the summit and drifted SW. Additional gas-and-steam emissions during 23-26 June rose as high as 500 m above the summit and drifted to the S and SW. Weather clouds often prevented direct observations. Servicio Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos y Emergencias (SNGRE) maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale).

Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Servicio Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos y Emergencias (SNGRE)

Ebeko | 21 June-27 June 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Ebeko
Paramushir Island (Russia)

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 15-22 June. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 16-17, 20, and 22 June generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and SE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 22 June; weather clouds obscured views on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Fuego | 21 June-27 June 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Fuego
South-Central Guatemala

INSIVUMEH reported that 1-6 explosions per hour were recorded at Fuego during 21-27 June, generating daily ash plumes that rose as high as 1.1 km above the crater rim and drifted as far as 30 km S, SW, W, and NW. The ash plumes were described as dense during 22-23 June and mostly gas with diffuse ash during 24-26 June. The explosions occasionally triggered weak-to-moderate avalanches that descended multiple ravines. Minor ashfall was reported on all days, except 21 June, in areas downwind including La Soledad (7 km N), El Porvenir (8 km SE), Panimanché I and II (8 km SW), Morelia (9 km SW), Santa Sofía (12 km SW), Yucales (12 km SW), Finca Palo Verde (10 km WSW), Sangre de Cristo (8 km W), and Yepocapa (9 km WNW). Lahars descended the Ceniza (SSW) ravine on 21 June and the El Jute (ESE) ravine on 23 June.

Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)

Great Sitkin | 21 June-27 June 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Great Sitkin
Andreanof Islands (USA)

AVO reported that slow lava effusion likely continued at Great Sitkin during 20-26 June. Minor seismicity was ongoing, and a few small earthquakes were recorded during 25-26 June. Elevated surface temperatures were identified in satellite images during 20-21 June and minor steaming was visible in satellite and webcam views during 25-27 June; weather clouds sometimes obscured webcam and satellite views on the other days. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Karangetang | 21 June-27 June 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Karangetang
Sangihe Islands

PVMBG reported that dense white gas-and-steam plumes from Karangetang were visible rising as high as 150 m and drifting in multiple directions during 21-27 June. Webcam images published in the reports on 21, 25, and 27 June showed incandescence at Main Crater (S crater) and from material on the flanks of Main Crater. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public were advised to stay 2.5 km away from Main Crater with an extension to 3.5 km on the S and SE flanks.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Lewotolok | 21 June-27 June 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Lewotolok
Lembata Island

PVMBG reported that the eruption at Lewotolok continued during 21-27 June. Emissions mainly consisted of white steam-and-gas plumes that rose as high as 800 m above the summit and drifted W and NW; white-and-gray ash plumes rose as high as 800 m above the main crater and drifted W and NW during 22-23 June. Incandescence was visible at the summit during 24-26 June, and a webcam image taken at 2257 on 25 June showed incandescent ejecta at the summit. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay at least 2 km away from the summit crater.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Merapi | 21 June-27 June 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Merapi
Central Java

BPPTKG reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 16-22 June and seismicity remained at elevated levels. The SW lava dome produced 116 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.8 km down the SW flank (upstream in the Bebeng and Boyong drainages). Morphological changes to the SW lava dome were due to continuing collapses of material. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit based on location.

Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)

Nevado del Ruiz | 21 June-27 June 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Nevado del Ruiz
Colombia

Servicio Geológico Colombiano’s (SGC) Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Manizales reported that the eruption at Nevado del Ruiz continued during 20-27 June and was characterized by gas, steam, and ash emissions, and variable seismic activity. The number of seismic events related to fluid movement, emissions, and rock fracturing fluctuated throughout the week; seismicity was highest at the beginning of the week and notably high during 22-23 June with the most intense seismicity recorded since the current period of elevated activity began on 24 March. Earthquakes occurred at distances of 1-8 km from Arenas crater at depths of 1-6 km. A period of continuous ash emissions in the afternoon of 20 June was visible in webcam images. Ashfall was reported in Manizales. Ash emissions on 21 June rose as high as 1.3 km above the crater rim, drifted WNW, and continued to rise to as high as 4 km above the summit. Incandescence from the crater was visible coincident with pulsating ash emissions during 20-23 June. Gas, steam, and ash plumes rose as high as 1.8 km and drifted NW during 24-27 June. Minor ashfall was reported in the municipalities of Villamaría (28 km NW) and Manizales (28 km NW) on 22 and 25 June respectively. The Alert Level was lowered to Yellow, Level III (the second level on a four-level scale) on 27 June. SGC noted that monitoring data was more stable in recent weeks; earthquake magnitudes were overall lower, the locations were more random, and the patterns did not indicate magma movement. Additionally, thermal anomalies at the lava dome were less intense, ash emissions had decreased, and gas emissions remained relatively stable.

Source: Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC)

Popocatepetl | 21 June-27 June 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Popocatepetl
Mexico

CENAPRED reported that ongoing activity at Popocatépetl during 20-27 June included 14-66 daily steam-and-gas emissions, sometimes containing minor amounts of ash. Seismic activity was characterized as daily periods of high-frequency events and variable amplitude tremors, volcano-tectonic earthquakes (2235 and 2329 on 21 June, 1520 and 2134 on 26 June), 15 minutes of low-amplitude harmonic tremor during 21-22 June, and both minor and moderate explosions. Small bursts of incandescent ejecta from the crater were observed during the night of 20 June. Minor ashfall was reported in Cuernavaca (66 km W), state of Morelos, during 20-21 June. At 0312 on 22 June a moderate explosion ejected incandescent ballistic material as far as 1.5 km from the crater and generated an ash plume that rose 2 km above the crater. Minor amounts of fell in Hueyapan (16 km SSW), state of Morelos, during 21-22 June. Minor explosions at 0405 and 0745 on 23 June produced ash plumes that rose 500 m; the first explosion ejected incandescent material short distances from the crater. Ashfall was reported in the municipalities of Ozumba (19 km W), Tepetlixpa (21 km W), Juchitepec (29 km WNW), and Amecameca (19 km NW), all within the State of México. A minor explosion was recorded at 0809 on 27 June. The Alert Level remained at Yellow, Phase Two (the middle level on a three-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 12 km away from the crater.

Source: Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres (CENAPRED)

Reventador | 21 June-27 June 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Reventador
Ecuador

IG reported that the eruption at Reventador was ongoing during 20-27 June. Seismicity was characterized by 7-30 daily explosions, long-period earthquakes, harmonic tremor, and tremor associated with emissions. Weather clouds often hindered visual observations, though crater incandescence was visible on most nights and early mornings, and from the S-flank lava flow on 21-22 June. During 21-23 June ash emissions rose as high as 1 km above the crater and drifted to the NE, W, and NW. During 23-26 June gas-and-ash emissions rose as high as 1 km above the crater and drifted to the W and NW. Servicio Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos y Emergencias (SNGRE) maintained the Alert Level at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Servicio Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos y Emergencias (SNGRE)

Rincon de la Vieja | 21 June-27 June 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Rincon de la Vieja
Costa Rica

OVSICORI-UNA reported that the level of the water lake in Rincón de la Vieja’s summit crater declined during 30 May-21 June based on drone footage. A small phreatic eruption occurred at 0607 on 22 June. Several small phreatic eruptions were recorded overnight during 25-26 June. A small event at 0547 on 26 June produced a steam-and-gas plume that rose 1.5 km above the crater rim. Another small event at 0308 on 27 June produced a gas-and-steam plume that rose more than 1 km, though weather clouds and darkness obscured views. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a 0-4 scale).

Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA)

Santa Maria | 21 June-27 June 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Santa Maria
Southwestern Guatemala

INSIVUMEH reported that the eruption at Santa Maria’s Santiaguito lava dome complex continued during 20-27 June, with effusion of lava flows, explosions, and avalanches. Dome growth sometimes produced avalanches and short pyroclastic flows that traveled down the S, SW, and W flanks. Weak and moderate explosions were recorded daily. Explosions also triggered dome collapses, resulting in weak and moderate debris avalanches that descended the flanks in many directions. Incandescence at the crater and along lava flow margins was visible during most nights and early mornings. During 20-21 June ash-and-gas plumes rose 800 m and drifted W and SW. On 23 June a lahar descended the Río Cabello de Ángel, a tributary of the Nimá I and Samalá rivers on the E flank. The lahar consisted of a mixture of fine volcanic material, water, volcanic blocks up to 1 m in diameter, and tree trunks and branches.

Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)

Semeru | 21 June-27 June 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Semeru
Eastern Java

PVMBG reported that the eruption at Semeru continued during 21-27 June. White-and-gray or white-to-brown ash plumes of variable densities generally rose as high as 1 km above the summit and drifted in multiple directions; emissions were not visible on 25 June, a partly cloudy day. A webcam image showed incandescent material at the summit and on the flanks at 0145 on 23 June. According to Info Semeru (a local news source) a pyroclastic flow traveled 5 km down the SE flanks at 1910 on 26 June. PVMBG reported that at the same time a gray-to-brown ash plume rose 1.5 km above the summit and drifted NE and E, and a webcam image showed incandescent material descending the flank. The Alert Level remained at 3 (third highest on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.

Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Info Semeru

Sheveluch | 21 June-27 June 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Sheveluch
Central Kamchatka (Russia)

KVERT reported that the eruption at Sheveluch was ongoing during 15-22 June. Intense fumarolic activity at the active crater was likely associated with growth of the lava dome. A thermal anomaly over the active crater area was identified in satellite images during 16, 18-19, and 22 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Suwanosejima | 21 June-27 June 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Suwanosejima
Ryukyu Islands (Japan)

JMA reported that the eruption at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued at low levels during 21-27 June. At 1521 on 25 June an eruptive event produced an ash plume that rose 1.3 km above the crater rim and drifted to the N, and ejected a large block 100 m from the crater. At 0036 on 27 June an ash plume rose 1.2 km and drifted N, followed by another at 0909 that rose 1.8 km and drifted E. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 2 km away from the crater.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Weekly Reports Archive

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Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers

1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

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Acronyms and Abbreviations

a.s.l. - above sea level

AVO - Alaska Volcano Observatory

AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CENAPRED - Centro Nacionale de Prevencion de Desastres (México)

CONRED - Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres

COSPEC - Correlation Spectrometer

CVGHM (formerly VSI) - Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation

CVO - Cascades Volcano Observatory (USGS)

GMS - Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GVO - Goma Volcano Observatory

GVP - Global Volcanism Program (Smithsonian Institution)

HVO - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS)

ICE - Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Costa Rica)

IG - Instituto Geofísico (Ecuador)

IGNS - Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (New Zealand) - now GNS Science

INETER - Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaragua)

INGEMMET - Instituto Geológical Minero y Metalúrgico (Peru)

INGEOMINAS - Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería (Colombia)

INGV-CT - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (Italy)

INSIVUMEH - Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrologia (Guatemala)

IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France)

JMA - Japanese Meteorological Agency

KEMSD - Kamchatkan Experimental and Methodical Seismilogical Department

KVERT - Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team

M - magnitude

METEOSAT - Meteorological Satellite

MEVO - Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory

MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MVO - Montserrat Volcano Observatory

MWO - Meteorological Watch Office

NEIC - National Earthquake Information Center

NIED - National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan)

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOTAM - Notice to Airmen

OVDAS - Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (Chile)

OFDA - Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance

ONEMI - Oficina Nacional de Emergencia - Ministerio del Interior (Chile)

OVPDLF - Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (France)

OVSICORI-UNA - Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Philippines)

RSAM - Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement

RVO - Rabaul Volcano Observatory

SERNAGEOMIN - Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (Chile)

SIGMET - Significant Meteorological Information

SNET - Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (El Salvador)

SVERT - Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (Russia)

USAID - US Agency for International Development

USGS - United States Geological Survey

UTC - Coordinated Universal Time

VAAC - Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

VAFTAD - Volcanic Ash Forecast Transport And Dispersion

VDAP - Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (USGS)

VHP - Volcano Hazards Program (USGS)

VRC - Volcano Research Center (Japan)

Report for Klyuchevskoy
KVERT reported that a minor Strombolian eruption began at Klyuchevskoy at 2323 on 22 June and a bright thermal anomaly was visible in satellite images. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale).
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Report for Kuchinoerabujima
JMA reported that the number of volcanic earthquakes increased at Kuchinoerabujima. A total of 100 shallow volcanic earthquakes were recorded during 17-26 June with most epicenters located near Furudake Crater and some located near Shindake Crater (just N of Furudake). Sulfur dioxide emissions were low, and typical white emissions rose 100-500 m above Shindake on 13 and 25 June. No changes at the geothermal area on the W flank of Shindake were observed during a field inspection during 19-20 June. The Alert Level was raised to 2 (on a scale of 1-5) on 26 June due to the increased seismicity. The public was warned that ejected blocks and pyroclastic flows may impact areas within 2 km of Shindake.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Report for Lokon-Empung
PVMBG reported continuing daily emissions at Lokon-Empung during 21-27 June. The plumes had variable densities, rose as high as 300 m above the crater rim, and were white on most days; plumes were described as white and gray on 21 June. The volcano Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was reminded not to approach Tompaluan Crater within a radius of 1.5 km.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Report for Mayon
PHIVOLCS reported that eruptive activity continued at Mayon during 20-27 June. Slow aseismic lava effusion few a growing lava dome in the summit crater and fed lava flows that advanced down the Mi-isi (S) and Bonga (SE) drainages. Previously reported maximum lava flow lengths of 2.5 km along the Mi-isi and 1.8 km along the Bonga drainages were revised on 24 June to 1.3 km and 1.2 km, respectively; by 27 June the Mi-isi flow was 1.6 km long. The dome remained unstable and produced incandescent rockfalls and pyroclastic density currents (PDCs, or pyroclastic flows). The collapse material traveled as far as 3.3 km away from the crater. Daily steam-and-gas emissions rose as high as 800 m above the crater and drifted SW, WSW, and W. Average daily measurements of sulfur dioxide emissions fluctuated between 507 and 925 tonnes per day. Each day, seismic stations recorded 241-339 rockfall events and 1-17 PDC events, each lasting up to five minutes. On 26 June PHIVOLCS released an advisory due to increased seismic activity and ground deformation, noting that the number of volcano-tectonic earthquakes increased during the week; there were two during 20-21 June, two during 23-24 June, and 107 during 26-27 June. The increased seismicity was accompanied by a sharp increase in ground tilt on the SW part of the volcano. The Disaster Response Operations Monitoring and Information Center (DROMIC) reported that as of 1600 on 27 June, the increased unrest had affected a total of 41,488 people and displaced a total of 20,138 people from 26 barangays within the province of Albay. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 0-5 scale). Residents were reminded to stay away from the 6-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ), and PHIVOLCS recommended that civil aviation authorities advise pilots to avoid flying close to the summit.
Sources: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), Disaster Response Operations Monitoring and Information Center (DROMIC)

Report for Ubinas
Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that a new eruption began at Ubinas on 22 June after three days on increased seismicity. The seismic network recorded a total of 315 volcano-tectonic earthquakes with a maximum magnitude of 1.8 and 281 long-period earthquakes. The eruption began at 0011 on 22 June with a minor ash plume rising 1 km above the crater rim and drifted E based on seismicity and webcams.

During 23-25 June IGP reported a total of 402 volcano-tectonic earthquakes with a maximum magnitude of 1.9 and 865 long-period earthquakes. Sporadic diffuse ash emissions continued during this period that rose as high as 1.5 km above the crater rim. On 23 June the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that diffuse ash plumes were visible in satellite images rising to 6.4 km (21,000 ft) a.s.l., or about 700 m above the summit, and drifting NE and NW. At 1500 they noted that continuous steam emissions occasionally accompanied by diffuse ash puffs were visible in webcam images. On 24 June small diffuse ash puffs were visible in webcam and satellite images rising 6.4-7 km (21,000-23,000 ft) a.s.l., or 700-1,300 m above the summit, and drifting NW. On 25 June continuous gas emissions with sporadic diffuse ash puffs were visible in webcam images, though the ash was too diffuse to be detected in satellite images. IGP noted that no notable deformation nor thermal anomalies were detected. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale).
Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP), Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

Report for Ahyi
Unrest at Ahyi Seamount possibly continued during 21-27 June. One small hydroacoustic signal coming from the direction of the seamount was detected by pressure sensors on Wake Island (2,270 km E) during 23-24 June. Data from the sensors on Wake Island stopped transmitting at 0414 on 24 June though no signals were detected by sensors on Saipan during the rest of the week. No surface activity was visible in satellite images. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Advisory (the second lowest level on a four-level scale).
Source: US Geological Survey

Report for Aira
JMA reported ongoing activity at both Minamidake Crater and Showa Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 19-26 June. Very small eruptive events occasionally occurred at Minamidake and incandescence was observed at night. An explosion at Showa at 0438 on 22 June produced an ash plume that rose 600 m above the crater rim and drifted E and ejected blocks 500-800 m from the vent. Sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 1,400 tons per day on 22 June. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from both craters.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Report for Cotopaxi
IG reported that moderate eruptive activity continued at Cotopaxi during 20-27 June. Several gas-and-ash emissions rose as high as 900 m above the summit and drifted S, SW, and W during 21-22 June. During 22-23 June gas plumes with low amounts of ash rose less than 200 m above the summit and drifted SW. Additional gas-and-steam emissions during 23-26 June rose as high as 500 m above the summit and drifted to the S and SW. Weather clouds often prevented direct observations. Servicio Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos y Emergencias (SNGRE) maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale).
Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Servicio Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos y Emergencias (SNGRE)

Report for Ebeko
KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 15-22 June. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 16-17, 20, and 22 June generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and SE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 22 June; weather clouds obscured views on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Report for Fuego
INSIVUMEH reported that 1-6 explosions per hour were recorded at Fuego during 21-27 June, generating daily ash plumes that rose as high as 1.1 km above the crater rim and drifted as far as 30 km S, SW, W, and NW. The ash plumes were described as dense during 22-23 June and mostly gas with diffuse ash during 24-26 June. The explosions occasionally triggered weak-to-moderate avalanches that descended multiple ravines. Minor ashfall was reported on all days, except 21 June, in areas downwind including La Soledad (7 km N), El Porvenir (8 km SE), Panimanché I and II (8 km SW), Morelia (9 km SW), Santa Sofía (12 km SW), Yucales (12 km SW), Finca Palo Verde (10 km WSW), Sangre de Cristo (8 km W), and Yepocapa (9 km WNW). Lahars descended the Ceniza (SSW) ravine on 21 June and the El Jute (ESE) ravine on 23 June.
Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)

Report for Great Sitkin
AVO reported that slow lava effusion likely continued at Great Sitkin during 20-26 June. Minor seismicity was ongoing, and a few small earthquakes were recorded during 25-26 June. Elevated surface temperatures were identified in satellite images during 20-21 June and minor steaming was visible in satellite and webcam views during 25-27 June; weather clouds sometimes obscured webcam and satellite views on the other days. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Report for Karangetang
PVMBG reported that dense white gas-and-steam plumes from Karangetang were visible rising as high as 150 m and drifting in multiple directions during 21-27 June. Webcam images published in the reports on 21, 25, and 27 June showed incandescence at Main Crater (S crater) and from material on the flanks of Main Crater. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public were advised to stay 2.5 km away from Main Crater with an extension to 3.5 km on the S and SE flanks.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Report for Lewotolok
PVMBG reported that the eruption at Lewotolok continued during 21-27 June. Emissions mainly consisted of white steam-and-gas plumes that rose as high as 800 m above the summit and drifted W and NW; white-and-gray ash plumes rose as high as 800 m above the main crater and drifted W and NW during 22-23 June. Incandescence was visible at the summit during 24-26 June, and a webcam image taken at 2257 on 25 June showed incandescent ejecta at the summit. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay at least 2 km away from the summit crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Report for Merapi
BPPTKG reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 16-22 June and seismicity remained at elevated levels. The SW lava dome produced 116 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.8 km down the SW flank (upstream in the Bebeng and Boyong drainages). Morphological changes to the SW lava dome were due to continuing collapses of material. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit based on location.
Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)

Report for Nevado del Ruiz
Servicio Geológico Colombiano’s (SGC) Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Manizales reported that the eruption at Nevado del Ruiz continued during 20-27 June and was characterized by gas, steam, and ash emissions, and variable seismic activity. The number of seismic events related to fluid movement, emissions, and rock fracturing fluctuated throughout the week; seismicity was highest at the beginning of the week and notably high during 22-23 June with the most intense seismicity recorded since the current period of elevated activity began on 24 March. Earthquakes occurred at distances of 1-8 km from Arenas crater at depths of 1-6 km. A period of continuous ash emissions in the afternoon of 20 June was visible in webcam images. Ashfall was reported in Manizales. Ash emissions on 21 June rose as high as 1.3 km above the crater rim, drifted WNW, and continued to rise to as high as 4 km above the summit. Incandescence from the crater was visible coincident with pulsating ash emissions during 20-23 June. Gas, steam, and ash plumes rose as high as 1.8 km and drifted NW during 24-27 June. Minor ashfall was reported in the municipalities of Villamaría (28 km NW) and Manizales (28 km NW) on 22 and 25 June respectively. The Alert Level was lowered to Yellow, Level III (the second level on a four-level scale) on 27 June. SGC noted that monitoring data was more stable in recent weeks; earthquake magnitudes were overall lower, the locations were more random, and the patterns did not indicate magma movement. Additionally, thermal anomalies at the lava dome were less intense, ash emissions had decreased, and gas emissions remained relatively stable.
Source: Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC)

Report for Popocatepetl
CENAPRED reported that ongoing activity at Popocatépetl during 20-27 June included 14-66 daily steam-and-gas emissions, sometimes containing minor amounts of ash. Seismic activity was characterized as daily periods of high-frequency events and variable amplitude tremors, volcano-tectonic earthquakes (2235 and 2329 on 21 June, 1520 and 2134 on 26 June), 15 minutes of low-amplitude harmonic tremor during 21-22 June, and both minor and moderate explosions. Small bursts of incandescent ejecta from the crater were observed during the night of 20 June. Minor ashfall was reported in Cuernavaca (66 km W), state of Morelos, during 20-21 June. At 0312 on 22 June a moderate explosion ejected incandescent ballistic material as far as 1.5 km from the crater and generated an ash plume that rose 2 km above the crater. Minor amounts of fell in Hueyapan (16 km SSW), state of Morelos, during 21-22 June. Minor explosions at 0405 and 0745 on 23 June produced ash plumes that rose 500 m; the first explosion ejected incandescent material short distances from the crater. Ashfall was reported in the municipalities of Ozumba (19 km W), Tepetlixpa (21 km W), Juchitepec (29 km WNW), and Amecameca (19 km NW), all within the State of México. A minor explosion was recorded at 0809 on 27 June. The Alert Level remained at Yellow, Phase Two (the middle level on a three-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 12 km away from the crater.
Source: Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres (CENAPRED)

Report for Reventador
IG reported that the eruption at Reventador was ongoing during 20-27 June. Seismicity was characterized by 7-30 daily explosions, long-period earthquakes, harmonic tremor, and tremor associated with emissions. Weather clouds often hindered visual observations, though crater incandescence was visible on most nights and early mornings, and from the S-flank lava flow on 21-22 June. During 21-23 June ash emissions rose as high as 1 km above the crater and drifted to the NE, W, and NW. During 23-26 June gas-and-ash emissions rose as high as 1 km above the crater and drifted to the W and NW. Servicio Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos y Emergencias (SNGRE) maintained the Alert Level at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Servicio Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos y Emergencias (SNGRE)

Report for Rincon de la Vieja
OVSICORI-UNA reported that the level of the water lake in Rincón de la Vieja’s summit crater declined during 30 May-21 June based on drone footage. A small phreatic eruption occurred at 0607 on 22 June. Several small phreatic eruptions were recorded overnight during 25-26 June. A small event at 0547 on 26 June produced a steam-and-gas plume that rose 1.5 km above the crater rim. Another small event at 0308 on 27 June produced a gas-and-steam plume that rose more than 1 km, though weather clouds and darkness obscured views. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a 0-4 scale).
Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA)

Report for Santa Maria
INSIVUMEH reported that the eruption at Santa Maria’s Santiaguito lava dome complex continued during 20-27 June, with effusion of lava flows, explosions, and avalanches. Dome growth sometimes produced avalanches and short pyroclastic flows that traveled down the S, SW, and W flanks. Weak and moderate explosions were recorded daily. Explosions also triggered dome collapses, resulting in weak and moderate debris avalanches that descended the flanks in many directions. Incandescence at the crater and along lava flow margins was visible during most nights and early mornings. During 20-21 June ash-and-gas plumes rose 800 m and drifted W and SW. On 23 June a lahar descended the Río Cabello de Ángel, a tributary of the Nimá I and Samalá rivers on the E flank. The lahar consisted of a mixture of fine volcanic material, water, volcanic blocks up to 1 m in diameter, and tree trunks and branches.
Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)

Report for Semeru
PVMBG reported that the eruption at Semeru continued during 21-27 June. White-and-gray or white-to-brown ash plumes of variable densities generally rose as high as 1 km above the summit and drifted in multiple directions; emissions were not visible on 25 June, a partly cloudy day. A webcam image showed incandescent material at the summit and on the flanks at 0145 on 23 June. According to Info Semeru (a local news source) a pyroclastic flow traveled 5 km down the SE flanks at 1910 on 26 June. PVMBG reported that at the same time a gray-to-brown ash plume rose 1.5 km above the summit and drifted NE and E, and a webcam image showed incandescent material descending the flank. The Alert Level remained at 3 (third highest on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Info Semeru

Report for Sheveluch
KVERT reported that the eruption at Sheveluch was ongoing during 15-22 June. Intense fumarolic activity at the active crater was likely associated with growth of the lava dome. A thermal anomaly over the active crater area was identified in satellite images during 16, 18-19, and 22 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Report for Suwanosejima
JMA reported that the eruption at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued at low levels during 21-27 June. At 1521 on 25 June an eruptive event produced an ash plume that rose 1.3 km above the crater rim and drifted to the N, and ejected a large block 100 m from the crater. At 0036 on 27 June an ash plume rose 1.2 km and drifted N, followed by another at 0909 that rose 1.8 km and drifted E. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 2 km away from the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)