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Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Weekly Volcanic Activity Map

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 22 May-28 May 2024
Name Country Volcanic Region Eruption Start Date Report Status
Dempo Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc New
Ibu Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 2008 Apr 5 New
Kelimutu Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc New
Reykjanes Iceland Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province New
Sheveluch Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 1999 Aug 15 New
Suoh Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc New
Tofua Tonga Tofua Volcanic Arc 2015 Oct 2 New
Ubinas Peru Central Andean Volcanic Arc New
Whakaari/White Island New Zealand Taupo Volcanic Arc 2024 May 24 New
Aira Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2017 Mar 25 Continuing
Cotopaxi Ecuador Northern Andean Volcanic Arc Continuing
Dukono Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 1933 Aug 13 Continuing
Ebeko Russia Kuril Volcanic Arc 2022 Jun 11 Continuing
Fuego Guatemala Central America Volcanic Arc 2002 Jan 4 Continuing
Great Sitkin United States Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc 2021 May 25 Continuing
Kanlaon Philippines Negros-Sulu Volcanic Arc 2024 Oct 19 Continuing
Kerinci Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc Continuing
Lewotobi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2023 Dec 23 Continuing
Lewotolok Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc Continuing
Marapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2023 Dec 3 Continuing
Merapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2020 Dec 31 Continuing
Purace Colombia Northern Andean Volcanic Arc Continuing
Sabancaya Peru Central Andean Volcanic Arc 2016 Nov 6 Continuing
Santa Maria Guatemala Central America Volcanic Arc 1922 Jun 22 Continuing
Suwanosejima Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2004 Oct 23 Continuing
All times are local unless otherwise stated.
Weekly Reports Archive

Since the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report began in November 2000, there have been 20,970 individual reports over 1,258 weeks (average of 17 per week) on 340 different volcanoes.

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Adams Cotopaxi Iliamna Lewotolok Planchon-Peteroa Sulu Range
Agung Cuicocha Iliwerung Little Sitkin Poas Sumbing
Ahyi Cumbal Inielika Llaima Popocatepetl Sumisujima
Aira Dabbahu Ioto Lokon-Empung Purace Sundoro
Akan Davidof Irazu Lonquimay Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Suoh
Alaid Dempo Iwatesan Lopevi Rabaul Suretamatai
Alu-Dalafilla Descabezado Grande Iya Machin Raikoke Suwanosejima
Ambae Dieng Volcanic Complex Izu-Torishima Makushin Ranakah Taal
Ambang Dukono Jackson Segment Maly Semyachik Raoul Island Tair, Jebel at
Ambrym East Epi Kaba Manam Rasshua Takawangha
Anatahan Ebeko Kadovar Manda Hararo Raung Talang
Aniakchak Ebulobo Kaitoku Seamount Marapi Redoubt Tambora
Antillanca Volcanic Complex Edgecumbe Kama'ehuakanaloa Maroa Reventador Tanaga
Antuco Egon Kambalny Martin Reykjanes Tandikat-Singgalang
Apoyeque Ekarma Kanaga Masaya Rincon de la Vieja Tangkoko-Duasudara
Arenal Eldey Kanlaon Matthew Island Rinjani Tangkuban Parahu
Asamayama Erebus Karangetang Maule, Laguna del Ritter Island Tara, Batu
Askja Erta Ale Karkar Mauna Loa Rotorua Ta'u
Asosan Etna Karthala Mayon Ruang Taupo
Atka Volcanic Complex Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] Karymsky McDonald Islands Ruapehu Telica
Augustine Eyjafjallajokull Kasatochi Melebingoy Ruby Tenerife
Avachinsky Fagradalsfjall Katla Melimoyu Ruiz, Nevado del Tengger Caldera
Awu Fentale Katmai Merapi Sabancaya Three Sisters
Axial Seamount Fernandina Kavachi Midagahara Sakar Tinakula
Azul, Cerro Fogo Kelimutu Misti, El Salak Tofua
Azumayama Fonualei Kelud Miyakejima San Cristobal Tokachidake
Bagana Fournaise, Piton de la Kerinci Momotombo San Miguel Tolbachik
Balbi Fourpeaked Ketoi Monowai San Vicente Toliman
Bamus Fuego Kharimkotan Montagu Island Sangay Tongariro
Banda Api Fujisan Kick 'em Jenny Moyorodake [Medvezhia] Sangeang Api Trident
Bardarbunga Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba Kie Besi Mutnovsky Santa Ana Tungurahua
Barren Island Galeras Kikai Myojinsho Santa Maria Turrialba
Batur Galunggung Kilauea Nabro Sao Jorge Ubinas
Bezymianny Gamalama Kirishimayama Negra, Sierra Sarigan Ugashik-Peulik
Bogoslof Gamkonora Kita-Ioto Negro, Cerro Sarychev Peak Ukinrek Maars
Brava Gareloi Kizimen Nightingale Island Saunders Ulawun
Bristol Island Gaua Klyuchevskoy Nishinoshima Savo Unnamed
Bulusan Gorely Kolokol Group Nisyros Semeru Unnamed
Calbuco Great Sitkin Kolumbo Novarupta Semisopochnoi Veniaminof
Callaqui Grimsvotn Koryaksky NW Rota-1 Seulawah Agam Villarrica
Cameroon Guagua Pichincha Krakatau Nyamulagira Sheveluch Vulcano
Campi Flegrei Guallatiri Krummel-Garbuna-Welcker Nyiragongo Shishaldin West Mata
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia Guntur Krysuvik-Trolladyngja Ofu-Olosega Simbo Westdahl
Cayambe Hachijojima Kuchinoerabujima Okataina Sinabung Whakaari/White Island
Chachadake [Tiatia] Hakoneyama Kurikomayama Okmok Sinarka Witori
Chaiten Heard Kusatsu-Shiranesan Ontakesan Siple Wolf
Chiginagak Hekla Kverkfjoll Oraefajokull Sirung Wrangell
Chikurachki Helgrindur La Palma Osorno Slamet Yakedake
Chiles-Cerro Negro Hierro Lamington Pacaya Snaefellsjokull Yasur
Chillan, Nevados de Hokkaido-Komagatake Lamongan Pagan Soputan Yellowstone
Chirinkotan Home Reef Langila Palena Volcanic Group Sorikmarapi Yufu-Tsurumi
Chirpoi Hood Lanin Paluweh Sotara Zaozan [Zaosan]
Ciremai Huaynaputina Lascar Panarea Soufriere Hills Zavodovski
Cleveland Hudson, Cerro Late Papandayan Soufriere St. Vincent Zhupanovsky
Colima Huila, Nevado del Lateiki Pavlof South Sarigan Seamount Zubair Group
Colo Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Lengai, Ol Doinyo Pelee Spurr
Concepcion Ibu Leroboleng Peuet Sague St. Helens
Copahue Ijen Lewotobi Pinatubo Stromboli
 News Feeds and Google Placemarks


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The RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feed is identical to the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report minus some features including the header information (latitude and longitude and summit elevation), the Geologic Summary, and a link to the volcano's page from the Global Volcanism Program. At the end of each report is a list of the sources used. Each volcano report includes a link from the volcano's name back to the more complete information in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report on the Smithsonian website. This feature was first made available on 5 March 2008.



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A Google Earth network link for the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report can be loaded into the free Google Earth software, and in turn will load placemarks for volcanoes in the current weekly report. Placemark balloons include the volcano name, report date, report text, sources, and links back to the GVP volcano profile page and to the complete Weekly Report for that week. This feature was first made available on 1 April 2009.

 Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria



The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers



1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

4. Many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source.

5. USGS Disclaimer Statement for this Website:

Information presented on this website is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. Use of appropriate byline/photo/image credit is requested. We strongly recommend that USGS data be acquired directly from a USGS server and not through other sources that may change the data in some way. While USGS makes every effort to provide accurate and complete information, various data such as names, telephone numbers, etc. may change prior to updating. USGS welcomes suggestions on how to improve our home page and correct errors. USGS provides no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of furnished data.

Some of the documents on this server may contain live references (or pointers) to information created and maintained by other organizations. Please note that USGS does not control and cannot guarantee the relevance, timeliness, or accuracy of these outside materials.

For site security purposes and to ensure that this service remains available to all users, this government computer system employs software programs to monitor network traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to upload or change information, or otherwise cause damage. Unauthorized attempts to upload information or change information on this website are strictly prohibited and may be punishable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act. Information may also be used for authorized law enforcement investigations. (Last modified September 21, 1999.)

U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm

 Acronyms and Abbreviations

a.s.l. - above sea level

AVO - Alaska Volcano Observatory

AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CENAPRED - Centro Nacionale de Prevencion de Desastres (México)

CONRED - Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres

COSPEC - Correlation Spectrometer

CVGHM (formerly VSI) - Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation

CVO - Cascades Volcano Observatory (USGS)

GMS - Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GVO - Goma Volcano Observatory

GVP - Global Volcanism Program (Smithsonian Institution)

HVO - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS)

ICE - Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Costa Rica)

IG - Instituto Geofísico (Ecuador)

IGNS - Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (New Zealand) - now GNS Science

INETER - Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaragua)

INGEMMET - Instituto Geológical Minero y Metalúrgico (Peru)

INGEOMINAS - Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería (Colombia)

INGV-CT - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (Italy)

INSIVUMEH - Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrologia (Guatemala)

IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France)

JMA - Japanese Meteorological Agency

KEMSD - Kamchatkan Experimental and Methodical Seismilogical Department

KVERT - Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team

M - magnitude

METEOSAT - Meteorological Satellite

MEVO - Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory

MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MVO - Montserrat Volcano Observatory

MWO - Meteorological Watch Office

NEIC - National Earthquake Information Center

NIED - National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan)

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOTAM - Notice to Airmen

OVDAS - Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (Chile)

OFDA - Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance

ONEMI - Oficina Nacional de Emergencia - Ministerio del Interior (Chile)

OVPDLF - Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (France)

OVSICORI-UNA - Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Philippines)

RSAM - Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement

RVO - Rabaul Volcano Observatory

SERNAGEOMIN - Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (Chile)

SIGMET - Significant Meteorological Information

SNET - Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (El Salvador)

SVERT - Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (Russia)

USAID - US Agency for International Development

USGS - United States Geological Survey

UTC - Coordinated Universal Time

VAAC - Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

VAFTAD - Volcanic Ash Forecast Transport And Dispersion

VDAP - Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (USGS)

VHP - Volcano Hazards Program (USGS)

VRC - Volcano Research Center (Japan)

Report for Dempo
PVMBG reported that an eruption at Dempo occurred at 0406 on 27 May. A video posted with the report showed a Surtseyan eruption at the crater lake with dark material being ejected 300 m from the center of the lake. Dense white-and-gray ash plumes rose around 500 m and drifted W. According to a news report, the crater lake water had been changing colors during the previous few weeks. The color changed from turquois-green to gray and white on 9 May, and a diffuse gas-and-steam plume was visible. A seismic signal indicating an emission was recorded at 1911 on 12 May. The water turned turquois-green again on 15 May and then to gray on 17 May. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public were reminded to stay 1 km away from the crater and as far as 2 km on the N flank.
Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Antara News
Report for Ibu
PVMBG reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 22-28 May. White steam-and-gas plumes rose 200-600 m above the crater rim and drifted in multiple directions during 22-25 and 28 May. White-and-gray ash plumes rose 200-500 m and drifted SW, W, and N on 26 May. At 0303 on 27 May an eruptive event produced a white, gray, and black ash plume that rose 6 km above the crater rim and drifted SW and W. According to a news article ash fell in residential areas and at the Ibu observation post (9 km W). Incandescent material was ejected as far as 1 km from the vent onto the NW, W, SW, and S flanks. The Alert Level remained at 4 (the highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 7 km away from the N crater wall opening.
Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Antara News
Report for Kelimutu
PVMBG reported that on 17 May the color of the crater lake water in Kelimutu’s Crater I (Tiwu Ata Polo) changed from green to dark green, water bubbles on the surface of the NE part of the lake were observed, and there was a weak sulfur odor. On 22 May the water color changed to a blackish-brown. The lake temperature dropped from 23 to 21 degrees Celsius during 17-22 May. At Crater II (Tiwu Koofai Nuwamuri) the water color was light blue on 17 May and had not changed color since the last visual observation. Golden-yellow sulfur deposits were scattered around the lake including in the central part and in areas to the NW, N, NE, E, and SE. Visual observations on 23 May revealed that the lake’s color had not changed, though sulfur deposits had shifted positions and had become more numerous. There was a swirling area of sulfur deposits on the water’s surface at the S part of the lake and a weak sulfur odor was noted. The lake temperature increased from 22 to 24 degrees Celsius during 17-23 May, indicating increased activity of the magmatic-hydrothermal system beneath it. The color of the lake water in Crater III (Tiwu Ata Bupu) was unchanged during 17-23 May. The changes in lake water color at Crater I, along with the changes in the floating sulfur deposits and increased water temperatures at Crater II, prompted PVMBG to raise the Alert Level to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) at 1300 on 24 May, and the public was warned to stay 250 m from the crater rims. According to a news article the Taman Nasional Kelimutu (Kelimutu National Park) restricted visitors from approaching the craters in accordance with the PVMBG guidelines. The last eruption was phreatic, and it occurred at Crater II during June 1968.
Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Antara News
Report for Reykjanes
IMO reported that seismicity increased on 28 May in an area near the Sundhnúkagígar crater row and, along with continuing inflation, possibly indicated rising magma within the Reykjanes volcanic system. According to news articles seismicity intensified during the morning of 29 May, prompting the evacuation of workers at the Svartsengi power plant, 35-38 residents of Grindavík (three remained), and visitors and residents at the Blue Lagoon spa area. At 1109 on 29 May IMO reported that the seismic swarm was likely related to a new dike intrusion. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Red (the highest level on a four-color scale) and then decreased back to Orange at 1115 because no additional geophysical data indicated significant changes. An effusive eruption began at 1246 near Sundhnúk, NE of Sýlingarfell, with the propagation of a 1-km-long fissure that produced lava fountains at least 30-50 m high and dense, gas-rich plumes rose along the fissure. Radar data indicated that particulates were present in the plume up to 2 km and gases rose as high as 3 km. By 1415 lava had advanced about 1 km W and to the S, towards Grindavík road. A second fissure opened just W of the main fissure and eruption plumes rose as high as 3.4 km. The extrusion rate was estimated to be 1,500-2,000 cubic meters per second. The fissure continued to propagate and by 1450 it was 3.4 km long. Lava surrounded Hagafell to the E and advanced S towards Melhólsnáma based on an overflight conducted by the Coast Guard. The southernmost part of the fissure was less than 1 km from the lava barriers N of Grindavík, and lava flowed over Grindavík road.
Sources: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), Icelandic National Broadcasting Service (RUV)
Report for Sheveluch
KVERT reported that the Karan-1 lava dome on Sheveluch’s SW flank continued to grow during 16-23 May. Thermal anomalies over both the new and older lava domes were identified in satellite images during 17, 19-21, and 23 May; the dome was obscured by weather clouds on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Suoh
PVMBG reported that a phreatic eruption at Suoh’s Nirwana Crater occurred at 0830 on 24 May and produced a dense white steam plume; two more phreatic explosions occurred within the following half hour. According to BNPB the first event ejected sediment, the second event ejected sediment-laden water, and the third produced a dense black plume. Loud booming was heard within a radius of several kilometers. During a field visit, scientists noted that pebble-sized material had been ejected and temperatures around the vent were higher. The public was warned to stay 500 m away from Nirwana Crater and to avoid Suah’s craters and associated drainages due to potentially elevated levels of carbon dioxide. Very minor hydrothermal explosions took place in 1994; large phreatic explosions last occurred in 1933.
Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Badan Nacional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB)
Report for Tofua
At 0900 on 23 May Tonga Geological Services reported that elevated activity at Tofua had ceased during the previous week. The characteristics of a thermal anomaly identified in a satellite image indicated a return to baseline levels. The Aviation Color Code was lowered to Green (the lowest color on a four-color scale), the Maritime Alert Level was lowered to Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale), and the Alert level for residents of Vava’u and Ha’apai remained at Green (the lowest color on a four-color scale).
Source: Tonga Geological Services, Government of Tonga
Report for Ubinas
Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that thermal anomalies from the main crater floor at Ubinas were identified daily during 21-28 May, except during 22-23 May. Daily gas-and-steam plumes rose as high as 900 m above the crater rim. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.
Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)
Report for Whakaari/White Island
GeoNet reported that a minor eruption at Whakaari/White Island occurred at around 0820 on 24 May and produced a vigorous steam-and-gas plume that rose 2-3 km high. There was no clear indication of ash in the plume at the time, based on webcam images. The Volcanic Alert Level was raised to 3 (on a scale of 0-5) and the Aviation Color Code was raised to Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Steam emissions had returned to normal conditions by 1045. During an overflight of the island later that day scientists observed ash deposits downwind, on the N part of the island. Geysering at the crater lake that had been ongoing for months was stronger, ejecting material 20-30 m high for periods of several seconds. The vent area was obscured by gas-and-steam emissions. The level of the crater lake had subsided and exposed parts of the lake floor. The eruption was much smaller than the December 2019 eruption. At 1700 the Volcanic Alert Level was lowered back down to 2 and the Aviation Color Code was lowered back to Yellow. GeoNet noted that there were no instruments on the island and therefor a lack of real-time monitoring data; monitoring was conducted with a webcam located in Whakatane, satellite images, and observational and gas measurement overflights.

A second minor eruption occurred at 0810 on 25 May, again prompting GeoNet to raise the Volcanic Alert Level to 3 and the Aviation Color Code to Orange. The eruption produced a vigorous steam-and-gas plume that rose above the island, similar to the day before. There were no clear indications of ash in the plume based on the webcam view. According to the Wellington VAAC ash was not identifiable in a satellite image from 1107 on 25 May. In a statement issued at 1445, GeoNet noted that intermittent ejections of gas and steam continued to be visible throughout the day. No further activity was observed over the next few days; the Volcanic Alert Level was lowered to 2 and the Aviation Color Code was lowered to Yellow at 1500 on 29 May. GeoNet noted that analysis of data collected during a 27 May overflight indicated elevated levels of magmatic gas compared to previous observations in April and early May.
Source: GeoNet
Report for Aira
JMA reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 20-24 May with nighttime crater incandescence. A total of five eruptive events and two explosions were recorded. The first explosion, at 0121 on 20 May, produced an ash plume that rose 2.3 km above the crater rim and drifted W. Large blocks were ejected 800-1,100 m from the vent. The second explosion, at 1718 on 22 May, generated an ash plume that rose 3 km and drifted NW. Large blocks were again ejected 800-1,100 m from the vent. Eruptive events at 1442, 1520, 1615, and 1710 on 20 May and at 0823, 2110, and 2230 on 24 May generated ash plumes that rose 1-1.3 km and drifted SE, S, and SW. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 1 km away from both craters.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Cotopaxi
IG-EPN reported that monitoring instruments began recording signals at 1510 on 23 May indicating that a moderately-sized secondary lahar was descending Cotopaxi’s NW flank. The public was advised to stay away from stream and river drainages within the vicinity of Parque Nacional Cotopaxi (Cotopaxi National Park).
Source: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN)
Report for Dukono
PVMBG reported that the eruption at Dukono was ongoing during 22-28 May. Gray-and-white ash plumes rose 100-1,100 m above the summit and drifted E, SW, and W on most days; weather conditions prevented views on 28 May. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 3-km exclusion zone.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Ebeko
KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 17-23 May According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions on 17 May generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 17 and 22 May; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Fuego
INSIVUMEH reported that eruptive activity continued at Fuego during 21-28 May. Explosions were recorded daily, averaging 1-10 per hour on most days, when counts were reported. The explosions generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose as high as 1.1 km above the crater rim and drifted as far as 30 km W, SW, and S. Frequent block avalanches descended various drainages including the Ceniza (SSW), Seca (W), Taniluyá (SW), and Las Lajas (SE), Honda (E), and Trinidad (S), and sometimes reached vegetated areas. Weak rumbling sounds and shock waves that rattles nearby houses and buildings were reported on most days. Ashfall was reported on almost all days in areas downwind including El Porvenir (11 km SW), El Rodeo, Finca Palo Verde, Sangre de Cristo (8 km WSW), Santa Sofía (12 km SW), Los Yucales (12 km SW), Panimaché I and II (8 km WSW), and Morelia (9 km SW), Finca La Asunción (12 km SW), La Rochela (8 km SSW), Finca Ceilán (9 km S), and San Andrés Osuna (11 km SSW). Ashfall was forecasted for areas downwind during 26-27 May. The explosions also ejected incandescent material up to 400 m above the summit on most days. Weather conditions sometimes prevented visual observations.
Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)
Report for Great Sitkin
AVO reported that slow lava effusion in Great Sitkin’s summit crater was last confirmed in a 22 May radar satellite image with continuing inflation over the vent and advancement of the NW lava lobe. Lava was filling in a crack just SW of the vent. Effusion likely continued during 23-28 May. Seismicity was low and characterized by small, long-period and volcano-tectonic earthquakes. Weather clouds fully or partly obscured satellite and webcam views on most days. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
Report for Kanlaon
In a special notice for Kanlaon, PHIVOLCS stated that the seismic network detected 24 volcano-tectonic earthquakes during 1335-1630 on 26 May with local magnitudes of 0.8-2.3 and depths of 0-6 km beneath the W flank. Sulfur dioxide gas emissions from the summit crater had been elevated since 1 January, averaging 1,291 tonnes/day (t/d); the most recent measurement was 2,003 t/d, recorded on 26 May. Ground deformation data from continuous GPS and electronic tilt data had been recording inflation at the volcano since March 2022. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 0-5) and PHIVOLCS reminded the public to remain outside of the 4-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone.
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
Report for Kerinci
The Darwin VAAC reported that at 1040 on 28 May an ash plume from Kerinci was identified in a satellite image drifting SW at 5.8 km (19,000 ft) a.s.l., or 2 km above the summit. PVMBG noted that white steam-and-gas plumes rose 200 m above the summit that same day. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was reminded to stay 3 km away from the crater.
Sources: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC), Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Lewotobi
PVMBG reported that eruptive activity at Lewotobi’s Laki-laki volcano continued during 22-28 May. Gray-and-white ash plumes rose 100-800 m above the summit and drifted N, SW, and W during 22-25 May. White steam-and-gas plumes rose as high as 100 m above the summit and drifted W and SW during 26-27 May. The seismic network recorded daily eruptive events during 23-28 May, though there was no visual confirmation. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay outside of the exclusion zone, defined as a 2-km radius around Laki-laki crater, 3 km to the NNE, and 5 km on the NE flanks.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Lewotolok
PVMBG reported that the eruption at Lewotolok continued during 22-28 May. White steam-and-gas plumes rose 200-700 m above the summit and drifted W and NW. On 25 May white-and-gray ash plumes rose as high as 500 m and drifted W and NW. At 0635 on 27 May a dense gray-to-black ash plume rose 300 m and drifted W. According to a news report the lava flow on the W flank advanced 100 m to a total length of 1.3 km by 27 May; the advancement rate had slowed during the period weeks. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and visitors and residents of Lamawolo, Lamatokan, and Jontona were warned to stay 2 km away from the vent and 3 km away from the vent on the S and SE flanks.
Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Antara News
Report for Marapi
PVMBG reported that eruptive activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) was ongoing during 22-28 May. White gas-and-steam plumes rose 200-300 m above the summit and drifted SW, S, and SE on most days; no emissions were visible on 22 May. At 0350 on 26 May a dense gray ash plume rose around 1 km above the summit and drifted S. A webcam image showed incandescence at the crater. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 4.5 km away from the active crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Merapi
BPPTKG reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 17-23 May. Seismicity had decreased compared to the previous week. The SW lava dome produced 138 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.9 km down the Bebeng drainage on the SW flank. Morphological changes to the SW lava dome were due to continuing effusion and collapses of material. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)
Report for Purace
Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Popayán, Servicio Geologico Colombiano (SGC) reported that seismic activity at Puracé decreased during 21-24 May and continued to be at pre-29 April levels. Both volcanic tremor (VT) associated with rock fracturing and long-period (LP) events associated with fluid movement were located less than 2.5 km beneath Puracé crater and had low magnitudes. Gas emissions from the crater and the N flank fumarole were occasionally visible in webcam views. Both the number and magnitude of LP events increased during 24-25 May. The events may have been associated with gas emissions with minor amounts of ash, but weather conditions prevented visual confirmation. Later that afternoon gas emissions from the crater and the fumaroles on the upper N flank were visible in webcam images. During 25-26 May LP events decreased in both number and size and seismicity associated with rock fracturing slightly increased. The earthquakes were located at depths of less then 3 km. LP seismicity was at stable levels and VT seismicity slightly decreased during 26-27 May, and both types of seismicity decreased during 27-28 May; events were located at depths less than 2 km. Gas emissions were observed in webcam views. Both carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions remained above baseline levels during the week. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Source: Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC)
Report for Sabancaya
Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that the eruption at Sabancaya continued at moderate levels during 20-26 May with a daily average of 40 explosions. Gas-and-ash plumes rose as high as 2.5 km above the summit and drifted less than 10 km E and NE. Thermal anomalies over the lava dome in the summit crater were identified in satellite data. Slight inflation was detected near the Hualca Hualca sector (4 km N). Sulfur dioxide emissions were at moderate levels, averaging 541 tons per day. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay outside of a 12 km radius.
Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)
Report for Santa Maria
INSIVUMEH reported that eruptive activity continued at Santa Maria’s Santiaguito lava-dome complex during 21-28 May with continuing lava extrusion and block collapses and avalanches at the Caliente dome. Sometimes the avalanches are audible several kilometers away. Incandescence from the dome was visible during most nights and early mornings, and occasional incandescence was also present along the upper parts of the lava flow on the WSW flank. Daily explosions (a few per hour) generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose 700-1,400 m above the summit and drifted E, SE, SW, and W. The explosions produced block avalanches on the dome’s flanks and generated occasional short-range pyroclastic flows that descended multiple flanks. The ash plumes caused hazy conditions around the volcano during 22-23 and 27-28 May.
Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)
Report for Suwanosejima
JMA reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 20-27 May. Crater incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. An explosion at 0019 on 22 May generated an ash plume that rose 900 m above the crater rim and drifted W. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1.5 km away from the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)