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Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Weekly Volcanic Activity Map

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 16 July-22 July 2025
Name Country Volcanic Region Eruption Start Date Report Status
Kirishimayama Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2025 Jun 22 New
Planchon-Peteroa Chile Southern Andean Volcanic Arc — New
Reykjanes Iceland Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province 2025 Jul 16 New
Taal Philippines Luzon Volcanic Arc — New
Telica Nicaragua Central America Volcanic Arc — New
Aira Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2017 Mar 25 Continuing
Dukono Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 1933 Aug 13 Continuing
Etna Italy Sicily Volcanic Province 2022 Nov 27 Continuing
Fuego Guatemala Central America Volcanic Arc 2002 Jan 4 Continuing
Great Sitkin United States Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc 2021 May 25 Continuing
Home Reef Tonga Tofua Volcanic Arc 2024 Dec 4 Continuing
Ibu Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 2008 Apr 5 Continuing
Karymsky Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 2025 Apr 30 Continuing
Kilauea United States Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group 2024 Dec 23 Continuing
Klyuchevskoy Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 2025 Apr 8 Continuing
Lewotolok Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2025 Jan 16 Continuing
Marapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2023 Dec 3 Continuing
Merapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2020 Dec 31 Continuing
Miyakejima Japan Izu Volcanic Arc — Continuing
Nevado del Ruiz Colombia Northern Andean Volcanic Arc 2014 Nov 18 Continuing
Reventador Ecuador Northern Andean Volcanic Arc 2008 Jul 27 Continuing
Sangay Ecuador Northern Andean Volcanic Arc 2019 Mar 26 Continuing
Semeru Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2017 Jun 6 Continuing
Sheveluch Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 1999 Aug 15 Continuing
Stromboli Italy Aeolian Volcanic Arc 1934 Feb 2 Continuing
Suwanosejima Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2004 Oct 23 Continuing
All times are local unless otherwise stated.
Weekly Reports Archive

Since the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report began in November 2000, there have been 21,541 individual reports over 1,281 weeks (average of 17 per week) on 341 different volcanoes.

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Adams Cotopaxi Iliamna Little Sitkin Poas Sumbing
Agung Cuicocha Iliwerung Llaima Popocatepetl Sumisujima
Ahyi Cumbal Inielika Lokon-Empung Purace Sundoro
Aira Dabbahu Ioto Lonquimay Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Suoh
Akan Davidof Irazu Lopevi Rabaul Suretamatai
Alaid Dempo Iwatesan Machin Raikoke Suwanosejima
Alu-Dalafilla Descabezado Grande Iya Makushin Rainier Taal
Ambae Dieng Volcanic Complex Izu-Torishima Maly Semyachik Ranakah Tair, Jebel at
Ambang Dukono Jackson Segment Manam Raoul Island Takawangha
Ambrym East Epi Kaba Manda Hararo Rasshua Talang
Anatahan Ebeko Kadovar Marapi Raung Tambora
Aniakchak Ebulobo Kaitoku Seamount Maroa Redoubt Tanaga
Antillanca Volcanic Complex Edgecumbe Kama'ehuakanaloa Martin Reventador Tandikat-Singgalang
Antuco Egon Kambalny Masaya Reykjanes Tangkoko-Duasudara
Apaneca Range Ekarma Kanaga Matthew Island Rincon de la Vieja Tangkuban Parahu
Apoyeque Eldey Kanlaon Maule, Laguna del Rinjani Tara, Batu
Arenal Erebus Karangetang Mauna Loa Ritter Island Ta'u
Asamayama Erta Ale Karkar Mayon Rotorua Taupo
Askja Etna Karthala McDonald Islands Ruang Telica
Asosan Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] Karymsky Melebingoy Ruapehu Tenerife
Atka Volcanic Complex Eyjafjallajokull Kasatochi Melimoyu Ruby Tengger Caldera
Augustine Fagradalsfjall Katla Merapi Ruiz, Nevado del Three Sisters
Avachinsky Fentale Katmai Midagahara Sabancaya Tinakula
Awu Fernandina Kavachi Misti, El Sakar Tofua
Axial Seamount Fogo Kelimutu Miyakejima Salak Tokachidake
Azul, Cerro Fonualei Kelud Momotombo San Cristobal Tolbachik
Azumayama Fournaise, Piton de la Kerinci Monowai San Miguel Toliman
Bagana Fourpeaked Ketoi Montagu Island San Vicente Tongariro
Balbi Fuego Kharimkotan Moyorodake [Medvezhia] Sangay Trident
Bamus Fujisan Kick 'em Jenny Mutnovsky Sangeang Api Tungurahua
Banda Api Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba Kie Besi Myojinsho Santa Ana Turrialba
Bardarbunga Galeras Kikai Nabro Santa Maria Ubinas
Barren Island Galunggung Kilauea Negra, Sierra Sao Jorge Ugashik-Peulik
Batur Gamalama Kirishimayama Negro, Cerro Sarigan Ukinrek Maars
Bezymianny Gamkonora Kita-Ioto Nightingale Island Sarychev Peak Ulawun
Bogoslof Gareloi Kizimen Nishinoshima Saunders Unnamed
Brava Gaua Klyuchevskoy Nisyros Savo Unnamed
Bristol Island Gede Kolokol Group Northern EPR at 9.8°N Semeru Veniaminof
Bulusan Gorely Kolumbo Novarupta Semisopochnoi Villarrica
Calbuco Great Sitkin Koryaksky NW Rota-1 Seulawah Agam Vulcano
Callaqui Grimsvotn Krakatau Nyamulagira Sheveluch West Mata
Cameroon Guagua Pichincha Krummel-Garbuna-Welcker Nyiragongo Shishaldin Westdahl
Campi Flegrei Guallatiri Krysuvik-Trolladyngja Ofu-Olosega Simbo Whakaari/White Island
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia Guntur Kuchinoerabujima Okataina Sinabung Witori
Cayambe Hachijojima Kurikomayama Okmok Sinarka Wolf
Chachadake [Tiatia] Hakoneyama Kusatsu-Shiranesan Ontakesan Siple Wrangell
Chaiten Heard Kverkfjoll Oraefajokull Sirung Yakedake
Chiginagak Hekla La Palma Osorno Slamet Yasur
Chikurachki Helgrindur Lamington Pacaya Snaefellsjokull Yellowstone
Chiles-Cerro Negro Hierro Lamongan Pagan Soputan Yufu-Tsurumi
Chillan, Nevados de Hokkaido-Komagatake Langila Palena Volcanic Group Sorikmarapi Zaozan [Zaosan]
Chirinkotan Home Reef Lanin Paluweh Sotara Zavodovski
Chirpoi Hood Lascar Panarea Soufriere Hills Zhupanovsky
Ciremai Huaynaputina Late Papandayan Soufriere St. Vincent Zubair Group
Cleveland Hudson, Cerro Lateiki Pavlof South Sarigan Seamount
Colima Huila, Nevado del Lengai, Ol Doinyo Pelee Spurr
Colo Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Lereboleng Peuet Sague St. Helens
Concepcion Ibu Lewotobi Pinatubo Stromboli
Copahue Ijen Lewotolok Planchon-Peteroa Sulu Range
 News Feeds and Google Placemarks


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The RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feed is identical to the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report minus some features including the header information (latitude and longitude and summit elevation), the Geologic Summary, and a link to the volcano's page from the Global Volcanism Program. At the end of each report is a list of the sources used. Each volcano report includes a link from the volcano's name back to the more complete information in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report on the Smithsonian website. This feature was first made available on 5 March 2008.


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A Google Earth network link for the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report can be loaded into the free Google Earth software, and in turn will load placemarks for volcanoes in the current weekly report. Placemark balloons include the volcano name, report date, report text, sources, and links back to the GVP volcano profile page and to the complete Weekly Report for that week. This feature was first made available on 1 April 2009.

 Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria



The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers



1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

4. Many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source.

5. USGS Disclaimer Statement for this Website:

Information presented on this website is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. Use of appropriate byline/photo/image credit is requested. We strongly recommend that USGS data be acquired directly from a USGS server and not through other sources that may change the data in some way. While USGS makes every effort to provide accurate and complete information, various data such as names, telephone numbers, etc. may change prior to updating. USGS welcomes suggestions on how to improve our home page and correct errors. USGS provides no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of furnished data.

Some of the documents on this server may contain live references (or pointers) to information created and maintained by other organizations. Please note that USGS does not control and cannot guarantee the relevance, timeliness, or accuracy of these outside materials.

For site security purposes and to ensure that this service remains available to all users, this government computer system employs software programs to monitor network traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to upload or change information, or otherwise cause damage. Unauthorized attempts to upload information or change information on this website are strictly prohibited and may be punishable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act. Information may also be used for authorized law enforcement investigations. (Last modified September 21, 1999.)

U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm

 Acronyms and Abbreviations

a.s.l. - above sea level

AVO - Alaska Volcano Observatory

AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CENAPRED - Centro Nacionale de Prevencion de Desastres (México)

CONRED - Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres

COSPEC - Correlation Spectrometer

CVGHM (formerly VSI) - Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation

CVO - Cascades Volcano Observatory (USGS)

GMS - Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GVO - Goma Volcano Observatory

GVP - Global Volcanism Program (Smithsonian Institution)

HVO - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS)

ICE - Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Costa Rica)

IG - Instituto Geofísico (Ecuador)

IGNS - Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (New Zealand) - now GNS Science

INETER - Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaragua)

INGEMMET - Instituto Geológical Minero y Metalúrgico (Peru)

INGEOMINAS - Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería (Colombia)

INGV-CT - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (Italy)

INSIVUMEH - Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrologia (Guatemala)

IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France)

JMA - Japanese Meteorological Agency

KEMSD - Kamchatkan Experimental and Methodical Seismilogical Department

KVERT - Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team

M - magnitude

METEOSAT - Meteorological Satellite

MEVO - Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory

MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MVO - Montserrat Volcano Observatory

MWO - Meteorological Watch Office

NEIC - National Earthquake Information Center

NIED - National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan)

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOTAM - Notice to Airmen

OVDAS - Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (Chile)

OFDA - Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance

ONEMI - Oficina Nacional de Emergencia - Ministerio del Interior (Chile)

OVPDLF - Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (France)

OVSICORI-UNA - Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Philippines)

RSAM - Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement

RVO - Rabaul Volcano Observatory

SERNAGEOMIN - Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (Chile)

SIGMET - Significant Meteorological Information

SNET - Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (El Salvador)

SVERT - Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (Russia)

USAID - US Agency for International Development

USGS - United States Geological Survey

UTC - Coordinated Universal Time

VAAC - Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

VAFTAD - Volcanic Ash Forecast Transport And Dispersion

VDAP - Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (USGS)

VHP - Volcano Hazards Program (USGS)

VRC - Volcano Research Center (Japan)

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Report for Kirishimayama
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity continued at Shinmoedake (Shinmoe peak, a stratovolcano of the Kirishimayama volcano group) during 16-21 July. The number of volcanic earthquakes with epicenters directly beneath Shinmoedake had been fluctuating since late October 2024; volcanic tremor was occasionally detected. Eruptive activity occurred intermittently with grayish-white plumes rising as high as 1.5 km above the crater rim and drifting NW, N, and NE. Weather clouds sometimes obscured visual observations. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to exercise caution within 3 km from Shinmoedake Crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Planchon-Peteroa
The Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN) reported that seismicity increased at Planchón-Peteroa during 13-15 July according to the Observatorio Volcanológico de los Andes del Sur (OVDAS). Beginning in March there was an increase in low-magnitude (mostly less then M2), volcano-tectonic events. On 19 June a tremor pulse was detected that had deep-source characteristics. Earthquakes associated with internal fluid movement began to be recorded on 13 July, though the events were low energy and occurred at a low rate. Seismicity increased at 0800 on 15 July and consisted of long-period (LP) earthquakes and tremor pulses. From 13 July to 1640 on 16 July the network recorded more than 1,200 low-energy seismic events and there was a shift to more LP-type seismicity. On 18 July the Alert Level was raised to Yellow (the middle level on a three-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the center of the active craters. The Sistema y Servicio Nacional de Prevención y Repuesta Ante Desastres (SENAPRED) stated that the communities of Molina (66 WNW), Curicó (68 km NW), Romeral (75 km NW), and Teno (68 km NW) were placed under “Preventive Early Warning” and that only residents were allowed within a 4 km radius of the craters.
Sources: Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN), Sistema y Servicio Nacional de Prevención y Repuesta Ante Desastres (SENAPRED)
Report for Reykjanes
The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) reported that a fissure eruption within the Reykjanes volcanic system began on 16 July in an area NE of Stóra Skógfell, along the Sundhnúkur crater row. According to a news report, the eruption was preceded by a seismic swarm and deformation, prompting authorities to evacuate 20-30 people from the Grindavík campground, about 100 people from the town of Grindavík, and about 200 people from the Blue Lagoon spa. A fissure trending NE-SW opened at around 0356 and propagated N. Lava flows spread laterally from the fissure, mainly to the SE. As the eruption progressed, a second fissure opened. For a short period of time the interaction of groundwater and magma produced tephra-laden gas-and-steam plumes. By noon the entire fissure was about 2.4 km long and consisted of a series of segments that produced lava fountains and flows, with cones forming over vents along the fissure. Lava mainly flowed N and NE, spreading widely across Kálffellsheiði and toward Svartsengi. Lava covered about 3.2 square kilometers, based on satellite images. High concentrations of sulfur dioxide were measured over the Reykjanes Peninsula and were drifting W and SW over the ocean. Smoke from vegetation fires set by the eruption contributed to poor air quality in the region. Later in the evening residents of Grindavík were allowed back into town.

The eruption continued through the night. On 17 July seismic activity was low and eruptive activity was concentrated at about 10 vents. Lava continued to advance E. Foggy weather created poor visibility around the eruption site. Gas dispersal was widespread, with sulfur dioxide concentrations temporarily reaching hazardous levels in some localized areas, including in Akureyri. Due to high levels of volcanic gases authorities advised residents to stay indoors. By 1130 on 18 July activity was concentrated along the central part of the fissure and the seismic network recorded little to no signals. Volcanic smog (vog) had spread over most of Iceland was visible over the ocean to the N and W. By 1130 on 19 July the eruption was concentrated at 2-3 craters and volcanic tremor was low and steady. Two craters were active during 19-20 July and lava flowed E towards Fagradal. Poor air quality from significant amounts of sulfur dioxide emissions near the eruption site and vog continued to affect areas in the W half of Iceland. The northernmost crater ceased to be active at around 2200 on 21 July; one crater was active at least through 1440 on 22 July. Eastward advancement of the lava flows had slowed, and the flows inflated. IMO recommended that the public continue to check weather and gas-dispersion forecasts.
Sources: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), Icelandic National Broadcasting Service (RUV)
Report for Taal
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported eruptive activity at Taal during 16-22 July. On 15 July the seismic network recorded two volcanic earthquakes including one period of volcanic tremor lasting five minutes. Sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 504 tonnes per day. Gas-and-steam emissions rose 600 m above the crater rim and drifted ENE. No earthquakes were recorded on 16 July. Gas-and-steam emissions rose 400 m above the crater rim and drifted NE. A series of three phreatomagmatic events occurred during 1501-1513 on 17 July. Dark material was ejected above the crater rim and a voluminous eruption plume rose 2.4 km and drifted SE. Strong tremor preceded the eruption. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 0-5); PHIVOLCS reminded the public that the entire Taal Volcano Island (TVI) was a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and recommended that the Main Crater and areas along the Daang Kastila fissure should remain prohibited. Pilots were warned to avoid flying over TVI.
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
Report for Telica
The Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) reported that during 18-20 July ash plumes from Telica were identified in satellite images and/or webcam images drifting as far as 13 km SW and W at an altitude of 1.5 (5,000 ft) a.s.l. The ash emissions were periodically continuous and sometimes characterized as diffuse.
Source: Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)
Report for Aira
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 14-21 July. Very small eruptive events occasionally occurred during 14-16 July. Sulfur dioxide emissions were extremely high on 16 July, averaging 3,100 tons per day. An explosion at 1328 on 17 July generated an ash plume that rose 3.3 km above the crater rim and drifted N. Large blocks were ejected as far as 1 km from the vent. Ash plumes continued to rise from the crater and drift N until 1550. An eruptive event at 2000 on 18 July produced an ash plume that rose 2 km above the crater rim and drifted N. Large blocks were ejected as far as 800 m from the vent. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to be cautious within 2 km of both the Minimadake and Showa craters.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Dukono
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Dukono continued during 16-22 July. Daily white-and-gray gas-and-ash plumes rose 600-1,200 m above the summit and drifted NE and E. Faint booming and rumbling was heard at the observation post, 11 km N, during 16-17 July. Ashfall was reported in Tobelo City (15 km ENE) and surrounding areas (10-15 km ENE) during 18-19 July. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the Malupang Warirang Crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Etna
The Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) reported rising gas emissions from Etna’s summit craters during 14-20 July, similar to activity observed during the previous week. After about a month of quiescence, a series of small ash emissions occurring at a rate of about once per hour began during the morning of 21 July.
Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV)
Report for Fuego
The Instituto Nacional de Sismología, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrología (INSIVUMEH) reported that eruptive activity at Fuego continued during 15-22 July. Incandescence at the summit was occasionally observed in overnight webcam images. Pulses of gas and ash were visible during 16-17 July and gray fumarolic plumes rose 300 m above the summit during 19-20 July. Diffuse plumes containing minor amounts of ash were observed during 20-21 July, along with avalanches of material that descended the Ceniza (SSW) drainage with ash rising along their paths.
Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)
Report for Great Sitkin
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick flow in Great Sitkin’s summit crater during 16-22 July. Lava-flow advancement was concentrated at the SW lobe; a 16 July radar image showed 5 m of advancement and lobe inflation. Small daily earthquakes were detected by the seismic network, including signals probably caused by small rockfalls from the steep flanks. Elevated surface temperatures consistent with lava effusion were observed in clear satellite views during 16-18 and 21-22 July. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
Report for Home Reef
The Tonga Geological Services reported no signs of activity at Home Reef during 5-19 July. A weak thermal anomaly in the crater was identified in a satellite image on 11 July. Discolored water around the island was visible in clear satellite images on 11 and 16 July. Yellowish sulfur deposits in and around the crater were visible in the 16 July image, but no fresh tephra deposits were noted. The dimensions of the crater remained unchanged and were estimated to be 210 m N-S and 120 m E-W. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-level scale, the Maritime Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-level scale) with advice to stay at least 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) from the island, and the Alert Level for residents of Vava’u and Ha’apai remained at Green (the first level on a four-level scale).
Source: Tonga Geological Services, Government of Tonga
Report for Ibu
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 16-22 July. Daily dense gray or white-to-gray ash plumes rose 200-600 m above the summit and drifted NE and SE. Nighttime crater incandescence was visible in some webcam images. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 5 km away from the N crater wall opening.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Karymsky
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that moderate activity continued at Karymsky during 11-17 July. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images on 15 and 17 July; the volcano was quiet or weather conditions prevented views on the other days of the week. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Kilauea
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) reported that the eruption within Kilauea’s Kaluapele summit caldera, characterized by episodic fountaining and intermittent spatter at two vents along the SW margin of Halema’uma’u Crater, continued at variable levels during 16-22 July. Minor incandescence at the N vent and on the N vent cone was sporadic during 16-18 July. Slow slumping of the eruptive cone continued. After an hour of strong incandescence at the N vent late on 19 July, spattering began at 0355 on 20 July, followed soon after by low dome fountaining less than 30 m high. Lava overflowed the vent at around 0411. The dome fountains transitioned to vertical lava fountains that exceeded 60 m by 0515 and 100 m by 0525. The fountain was wide and comparatively shorter than during other recent fountaining episodes. Spattering and low fountaining started at the S vent at around 0600 and ended at noon. Throughout the day multiple lava flows advanced onto the crater floor and traveled as far as 2.5 km. The N vent ceased erupting at 1835, after 13 hours of sustained fountaining. The eruptive episode produced an estimated 7 million cubic meters of lava covering about 80 percent of the crater floor. Considerably less tephra was produced compared to recent episodes of lava fountaining. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)
Report for Klyuchevskoy
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that a bright thermal anomaly at Klyuchevskoy was identified in satellite images during 11 and 14-17 July. Weather conditions prevented observations during 12-13 July. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Lewotolok
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that an eruption at Lewotolok was ongoing during 16-22 July. White-to-gray ash plumes rose 200-500 m above the summit of the cone and drifted W, NW, and SE on most days; eruptive events were recorded on 18 July but not observed due to weather conditions. Clear nighttime webcam images showed incandescent material being ejected above the cone. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the summit.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Marapi
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) continued during 16-23 July. At 1042 on 16 July a dense gray ash plume rose 1.2 km above the summit and drifted NE. At 1851 on 18 July a dense gray-to-brown ash plume rose 1 km above the summit and drifted NE. White plumes rose as high as 200 m and drifted NE and E on the other days. An eruptive event at 0723 on 23 July produced a dense white-and-gray ash plume that rose around 1.6 km and drifted SE. The eruptive event lasted for one minute and 18 seconds based on seismic data. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the active crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Merapi
The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 11-17 July. Earthquakes were around the same intensity compared to the previous week. The SW lava dome produced seven lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.5 km SW down the Bebeng drainage, 18 that traveled as far as 1.8 km SW down the Krasak drainage, 44 that traveled as far as 2 km W down the Sat/Putih drainage, and one traveled 1.8 km W down the Batang drainage. Small morphological changes to the SW lava dome resulted from continuing effusion and minor collapses. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)
Report for Miyakejima
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that the number of small volcanic earthquakes beneath Miyakejima’s summit had increased on 17 June but afterwards declined to a rate of a few per day. No changes in tilt were detected after 18 June. In addition, webcam camera observations and a field survey on 8 July revealed no significant changes in the topography, fumaroles, or geothermal conditions within the summit crater. At 1100 on 18 July the Alert level was lowered to 1 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to be cautious within 500 m of the main crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Nevado del Ruiz
The Servicio Geológico Colombiano’s (SGC) Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Manizales reported that eruptive activity at Nevado del Ruiz continued during 15-21 July, though weather conditions often obscured visual observations. Seismic data indicated that events associated with fluid movement slightly decreased in number and increased in intensity compared to the previous week, though were at low-to-moderate levels overall. Some of the seismic events were associated with pulsating ash emissions; webcam images confirmed these ash emissions, including some with higher-temperature ejecta. Gas and/or ash emissions generally rose as high as 400 m above the summit and drifted NW and WNW, though ash plumes at 1636 on 18 July, at 1738 on 19 July, and at 1245 on 20 July rose as high as 2.4 km above the summit. Ashfall was reported in Manizales (28 km NW) and Chinchiná (30 km WNW) during 18-19 July. The 19 July ash emission was observed by SGC scientists in the field and photographed by passengers on a commercial flight. Seismicity associated with rock fracturing decreased in number but increased in intensity compared to the previous week. The earthquakes were mainly located below Arenas Crater and the flanks within 12 km at depths of 1-6 km. Daily sulfur dioxide emissions had decreased compared to the previous week. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-level scale).
Source: Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC)
Report for Reventador
The Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that eruptive activity continued at Reventador during 15-22 July. Seismicity included 68-110 daily explosions, long-period earthquakes, harmonic tremor, and tremor associated with emissions. Ash-and-gas plumes rose as high as 1.1 km above the crater rim and drifted mainly NW, ESE, and SE during 15-18 July. Webcams recorded multiple nightly instances of incandescent material descending the flanks as far as 1.1 km below the crater rim. Cloudy weather often obscured views. Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) maintained the Alert Level at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR)
Report for Sangay
The Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that the eruption continued at Sangay during 15-22 July. The seismic network recorded 54-114 explosions each day. Ash-and-gas plumes were observed on most days in webcam and/or satellite images rising as high as 2.1 km above the summit and drifting mainly W, WSW, and SW, though weather clouds sometimes obscured views. During 20-21 July incandescent material was seen descending the NW flank as far as 1.2 km. Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR)
Report for Semeru
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity continued at Semeru during 16-22 July, often with multiple daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. Daily dense white-and-gray or gray ash plumes rose 300-1,000 m above the summit and drifted N, W, SW, and S. Incandescence at the summit was visible in a few webcam images. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 3 km away from the summit in all directions, 8 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 13 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Sheveluch
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported continuing eruptive activity at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the Young Sheveluch dome during 11-17 July. Thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images on 14 and 16 July; weather clouds obscured views on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Stromboli
The Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) reported that eruptive activity continued at Stromboli during 14-20 July. Webcam images showed Strombolian activity at four vents in Area N within the upper part of the Sciara del Fuoco and from at least two vents in Area C-S (South-Central Crater) on the crater terrace. The vents in Area N continued to produce low- to medium-intensity explosions at a rate of around five events per hour, ejecting lapilli and bombs less than 150 m above the vents. Low-intensity explosions at the vents in Area C-S ejected ash above the vent at a rate of one event per hour. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) according to the Dipartimento della Protezione Civile.
Sources: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV), Dipartimento della Protezione Civile
Report for Suwanosejima
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 14-21July. Incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. Explosions at 1620 and 1924 on 20 July, and at 0425 on 21 July, generated ash plumes that rose 400-900 m above the crater rim and drifted W and NW. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second level on a five-level scale) and the public was warned to be cautious within 1.5 km of the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)