Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 16 November-22 November 2022
Name	Location	Eruption Start Date	Report Status
Ahyi	Mariana Islands (USA)	2024 Jan 1	New
Bezymianny	Central Kamchatka (Russia)	2016 Dec 5	New
Copahue	Central Chile-Argentina	—	New
Klyuchevskoy	Central Kamchatka (Russia)	2023 Jun 22	New
San Miguel	Eastern El Salvador	—	New
Takawangha	Andreanof Islands (USA)	—	New
Villarrica	Central Chile	2014 Dec 2 ± 7 days	New
Aira	Kyushu (Japan)	2017 Mar 25	Continuing
Alaid	Kuril Islands (Russia)	—	Continuing
Ebeko	Paramushir Island (Russia)	2022 Jun 11	Continuing
Great Sitkin	Andreanof Islands (USA)	2021 May 25	Continuing
Karymsky	Eastern Kamchatka (Russia)	—	Continuing
Kerinci	Central Sumatra	—	Continuing
Kilauea	Hawaiian Islands (USA)	—	Continuing
Manam	Northeast of New Guinea	2014 Jun 29	Continuing
Pavlof	Alaska Peninsula, Alaska	—	Continuing
Semeru	Eastern Java	2017 Jun 6	Continuing
Semisopochnoi	Aleutian Islands (USA)	—	Continuing
Sheveluch	Central Kamchatka (Russia)	1999 Aug 15	Continuing
Suwanosejima	Ryukyu Islands (Japan)	2004 Oct 23	Continuing

All times are local unless otherwise stated.

Ahyi | 16 November-22 November 2022 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Ahyi
Mariana Islands (USA)

On 18 November the USGS reported that hydroacoustic and seismic signals suggestive of underwater eruptive activity at Ahyi Seamount had declined over the past week. No other signs of volcanic unrest were detected at the seamount.

Source: US Geological Survey

Bezymianny | 16 November-22 November 2022 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Bezymianny
Central Kamchatka (Russia)

KVERT reported that during 11-17 November a daily thermal anomaly over Bezymianny was identified in satellite images. Gas-and-steam emissions were visible and occasional collapses from the growing lava dome produced avalanches of hot material. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Copahue | 16 November-22 November 2022 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Copahue
Central Chile-Argentina

Based on information from Observatorio Argentino de Vigilancia Volcánica (OAVV), SERNAGEOMIN and SEGEMAR reported a minor increase of activity at Copahue. RSAM values based on volcanic tremor began to increase on 13 November. Weather conditions prevented views of the volcano during 13-14 November. On 15 November an increase in the magnitudes of tremor signals was accompanied by increased and denser gas emissions rising 200 m above El Agrio Crater. The emissions, seen in webcam images, were mostly whitish and contained particulate material. The Alert Level remained at Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale) and the public was reminded to stay 500 m away from the crater.

Sources: Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN), Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino (SEGEMAR)

Klyuchevskoy | 16 November-22 November 2022 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Klyuchevskoy
Central Kamchatka (Russia)

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Klyuchevskoy was first identified on 13 November and was visible daily through 20 November. An explosive Strombolian eruption began at 2330 local time on 17 November, the same day that the thermal anomaly intensified. Gas-and-steam plumes drifted SE. The Strombolian eruption and gas emissions persisted; KVERT raised the Aviation Color Code to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) on 20 November.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

San Miguel | 16 November-22 November 2022 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

San Miguel
Eastern El Salvador

MARN reported that an eruption at San Miguel’s central crater began on 15 November, and by 1100 on 20 November a total of 62 phreatic explosions had been recorded, averaging 10 per day. An additional 24 explosions were recorded from 1100 on 20 November to 1100 on 21 November and 12 more were recorded between 1100 and 1100 during 21-22 November. Explosions generated gas, ash, and steam plumes that generally rose around 500 m above the crater rim, though at 1336 on 18 November and 1206 on 19 November eruption plumes rose as high as 1.1 km. Some of the events were accompanied by crater incandescence during 15-20 November. Sulfur dioxide emissions generally averaged 100-170 tons per day, below the baseline of 300 tons per day. Specific measurements during explosive events revealed that the emissions were sometimes higher; 1,200 tons per day was measured on 19 November during one of the largest explosions, and 378 tons per days was measured during an explosion on 21 November. Seismicity was characterized by volcano-tectonic events, long-period events, and tremor. Deformation data showed no significant changes. The public was warned to stay 2 km away from the volcano, and for those living within a 2-5 km radius to identify evacuation routes and to take preparation measures as guided by the Sistema Nacional de Protección Civil.

Source: Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (MARN)

Takawangha | 16 November-22 November 2022 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Takawangha
Andreanof Islands (USA)

On 18 November AVO raised the Aviation Color Code for Takawangha to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) and the Volcano Alert Level to Advisory (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) based on increased seismicity. The number of small earthquakes detected near the volcano had increased during the previous few days and intensified during 17-18 November. The earthquakes were located at depths of 3-6 km below sea level with the largest magnitudes between 2 and 3. The seismicity possibly indicated magma movement at depth. The intensity of the seismicity was variable during 19-22 November.

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Villarrica | 16 November-22 November 2022 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Villarrica
Central Chile

During an overflight of Villarrica on 19 November, SERNAGEOMIN scientists observed a cone on the crater floor with an incandescent vent at its center, containing a lava lake. Deposits of ejected material were seen on the flanks. That same day a 75-minute-long series of volcano-tectonic earthquakes began at 1940. There was a total of 21 events located 7.8 km ESE of the crater. The largest event, a M 1.6, occurred at 2007 at a depth of 2.5 km based on data collection and analysis of Red Nacional de Vigilancia Volcánica (RNVV) and Observatorio Volcanológico de los Andes del Sur (OVDAS), respectively. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned that material could be ejected within 500 m of the crater. ONEMI remained the Alert Level Yellow (the middle level on a three-color scale) for the municipalities of Villarrica, Pucón (16 km N), Curarrehue, and the commune of Panguipulli.

Sources: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino (SEGEMAR), Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN), Oficina Nacional de Emergencia-Ministerio del Interior (ONEMI)

Aira | 16 November-22 November 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Aira
Kyushu (Japan)

JMA reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (at Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) and nighttime crater incandescence during 14-21 November. Sulfur dioxide emissions were slightly high on 14 November at 1,100 tons per day. Six eruptive events and four explosions (during 15-16 and 20-21 November) produced volcanic plumes that rose as high as 2.2 km above the crater rim and ejected large blocks as far as 900 m from the vent. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and residents were warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Alaid | 16 November-22 November 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Alaid
Kuril Islands (Russia)

KVERT lowered the Aviation Color Code for Alaid to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) on 17 November noting that activity had been gradually decreasing since the last ash plume was recorded on 26 October. A thermal anomaly continued to periodically be identified in satellite images when weather conditions permitted views, though the temperature of the thermal anomaly began decreasing on 29 October. Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Ebeko | 16 November-22 November 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Ebeko
Paramushir Island (Russia)

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 10-17 November. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 12-13 and 16 November generated ash plumes that rose to 2.6 km (8,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in eastern directions. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 16 November. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 16 November; weather clouds prevented satellite views on the other days of the week. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Great Sitkin | 16 November-22 November 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Great Sitkin
Andreanof Islands (USA)

AVO reported that slow lava effusion continued at Great Sitkin during 15-22 November and the flow field continued to grow. Flow lobes extended about 600 m E of the vent and about 430 m S. Seismicity was low, with the occasional detection of low-frequency earthquakes. Satellite and webcam images were often cloudy through the week. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Karymsky | 16 November-22 November 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Karymsky
Eastern Kamchatka (Russia)

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly at Karymsky was identified in satellite images on 13 and 15-17 November. Gas-and-steam emissions persisted. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Kerinci | 16 November-22 November 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Kerinci
Central Sumatra

PVMBG reported that brown ash plumes from Kerinci, often dense, rose as high as 150 m above the summit and drifted NE, E, and SE during 16-18 and 20-21 November. Weather clouds prevented visual observations during 18-20 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 3-km exclusion zone.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Kilauea | 16 November-22 November 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Kilauea
Hawaiian Islands (USA)

HVO reported that lava continued to effuse from a vent in the lower W wall of Kilauea’s Halema`uma`u Crater during 16-22 November entering the lava lake and flowing onto the crater floor. The active part of the lake remained at a steady level all week. The Aviation Color Code and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Orange and Watch, respectively.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

Manam | 16 November-22 November 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Manam
Northeast of New Guinea

The Darwin VAAC reported that on 20 November ash plumes from Manam rose to 1.8 km (6,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NW based on satellite images.

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

Pavlof | 16 November-22 November 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Pavlof
Alaska Peninsula, Alaska

AVO reported that a minor eruption at a vent on Pavlof’s upper E flank was ongoing during 16-22 November and nearly continuous seismic tremor was recorded. Almost daily elevated surface temperatures were identified in satellite images; weather clouds prevented views during 21-22 November. Webcam images showed occasional minor steaming and minor ash emissions in addition to a recent mass flow and ash deposits on the upper to lower flanks visible during 15-16 November, and incandescence at the vent during 16-17 November possibly associated with lava spattering or fountaining. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Semeru | 16 November-22 November 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Semeru
Eastern Java

PVMBG reported that the eruption at Semeru continued during 16-22 November. White gas-and-steam plumes rose 100-200 m above the summit and drifted in various directions during 16-17 November. Emissions were not visible during 18-20 November, though weather conditions sometimes prevented visual observations. At 0608 on 21 November a white-to-gray ash plume rose around 400 m and drifted E. On 22 November white-to-gray ash plumes rose 300 m and drifted S at 0405, 600 m at 0503, and 800 m at 1541. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit, and 500 m from Kobokan drainages within 17 km of the summit, along with other drainages originating on Semeru, including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Semisopochnoi | 16 November-22 November 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Semisopochnoi
Aleutian Islands (USA)

AVO reported ongoing low-level seismicity at Semisopochnoi characterized by intermittent seismic tremor and occasional low-frequency earthquakes during 16-22 November. Satellite and webcam views were mostly obscured by weather clouds, though during clear views continuous gas-and-steam emissions from the N crater of Mount Cerberus were visible. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch.

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Sheveluch | 16 November-22 November 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Sheveluch
Central Kamchatka (Russia)

KVERT reported that the ongoing eruption at Sheveluch during 11-17 November was generally characterized by explosions, hot avalanches, lava-dome extrusion, and strong fumarolic activity. A daily thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images. Collapses generated hot avalanches and ash plumes that drifted 85 km ENE during 13-14, and 16-17 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Suwanosejima | 16 November-22 November 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Suwanosejima
Ryukyu Islands (Japan)

JMA reported that the eruption at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 14-21 November and crater incandescence was visible nightly. Eruption plumes generally rose 600 m above the crater rim and blended into weather clouds. An explosion at 0251 on 15 November ejected blocks 500 m from the vent and produced an eruption plume that rose 2.3 km above the crater rim and drifted SE. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and residents were warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

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Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers

1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

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Acronyms and Abbreviations

a.s.l. - above sea level

AVO - Alaska Volcano Observatory

AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CENAPRED - Centro Nacionale de Prevencion de Desastres (México)

CONRED - Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres

COSPEC - Correlation Spectrometer

CVGHM (formerly VSI) - Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation

CVO - Cascades Volcano Observatory (USGS)

GMS - Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GVO - Goma Volcano Observatory

GVP - Global Volcanism Program (Smithsonian Institution)

HVO - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS)

ICE - Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Costa Rica)

IG - Instituto Geofísico (Ecuador)

IGNS - Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (New Zealand) - now GNS Science

INETER - Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaragua)

INGEMMET - Instituto Geológical Minero y Metalúrgico (Peru)

INGEOMINAS - Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería (Colombia)

INGV-CT - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (Italy)

INSIVUMEH - Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrologia (Guatemala)

IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France)

JMA - Japanese Meteorological Agency

KEMSD - Kamchatkan Experimental and Methodical Seismilogical Department

KVERT - Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team

M - magnitude

METEOSAT - Meteorological Satellite

MEVO - Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory

MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MVO - Montserrat Volcano Observatory

MWO - Meteorological Watch Office

NEIC - National Earthquake Information Center

NIED - National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan)

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOTAM - Notice to Airmen

OVDAS - Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (Chile)

OFDA - Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance

ONEMI - Oficina Nacional de Emergencia - Ministerio del Interior (Chile)

OVPDLF - Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (France)

OVSICORI-UNA - Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Philippines)

RSAM - Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement

RVO - Rabaul Volcano Observatory

SERNAGEOMIN - Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (Chile)

SIGMET - Significant Meteorological Information

SNET - Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (El Salvador)

SVERT - Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (Russia)

USAID - US Agency for International Development

USGS - United States Geological Survey

UTC - Coordinated Universal Time

VAAC - Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

VAFTAD - Volcanic Ash Forecast Transport And Dispersion

VDAP - Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (USGS)

VHP - Volcano Hazards Program (USGS)

VRC - Volcano Research Center (Japan)

Report for Ahyi
On 18 November the USGS reported that hydroacoustic and seismic signals suggestive of underwater eruptive activity at Ahyi Seamount had declined over the past week. No other signs of volcanic unrest were detected at the seamount.
Source: US Geological Survey

Report for Bezymianny
KVERT reported that during 11-17 November a daily thermal anomaly over Bezymianny was identified in satellite images. Gas-and-steam emissions were visible and occasional collapses from the growing lava dome produced avalanches of hot material. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Report for Copahue
Based on information from Observatorio Argentino de Vigilancia Volcánica (OAVV), SERNAGEOMIN and SEGEMAR reported a minor increase of activity at Copahue. RSAM values based on volcanic tremor began to increase on 13 November. Weather conditions prevented views of the volcano during 13-14 November. On 15 November an increase in the magnitudes of tremor signals was accompanied by increased and denser gas emissions rising 200 m above El Agrio Crater. The emissions, seen in webcam images, were mostly whitish and contained particulate material. The Alert Level remained at Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale) and the public was reminded to stay 500 m away from the crater.
Sources: Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN), Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino (SEGEMAR)

Report for Klyuchevskoy
KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Klyuchevskoy was first identified on 13 November and was visible daily through 20 November. An explosive Strombolian eruption began at 2330 local time on 17 November, the same day that the thermal anomaly intensified. Gas-and-steam plumes drifted SE. The Strombolian eruption and gas emissions persisted; KVERT raised the Aviation Color Code to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) on 20 November.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Report for San Miguel
MARN reported that an eruption at San Miguel’s central crater began on 15 November, and by 1100 on 20 November a total of 62 phreatic explosions had been recorded, averaging 10 per day. An additional 24 explosions were recorded from 1100 on 20 November to 1100 on 21 November and 12 more were recorded between 1100 and 1100 during 21-22 November. Explosions generated gas, ash, and steam plumes that generally rose around 500 m above the crater rim, though at 1336 on 18 November and 1206 on 19 November eruption plumes rose as high as 1.1 km. Some of the events were accompanied by crater incandescence during 15-20 November. Sulfur dioxide emissions generally averaged 100-170 tons per day, below the baseline of 300 tons per day. Specific measurements during explosive events revealed that the emissions were sometimes higher; 1,200 tons per day was measured on 19 November during one of the largest explosions, and 378 tons per days was measured during an explosion on 21 November. Seismicity was characterized by volcano-tectonic events, long-period events, and tremor. Deformation data showed no significant changes. The public was warned to stay 2 km away from the volcano, and for those living within a 2-5 km radius to identify evacuation routes and to take preparation measures as guided by the Sistema Nacional de Protección Civil.
Source: Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (MARN)

Report for Takawangha
On 18 November AVO raised the Aviation Color Code for Takawangha to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) and the Volcano Alert Level to Advisory (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) based on increased seismicity. The number of small earthquakes detected near the volcano had increased during the previous few days and intensified during 17-18 November. The earthquakes were located at depths of 3-6 km below sea level with the largest magnitudes between 2 and 3. The seismicity possibly indicated magma movement at depth. The intensity of the seismicity was variable during 19-22 November.
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Report for Villarrica
During an overflight of Villarrica on 19 November, SERNAGEOMIN scientists observed a cone on the crater floor with an incandescent vent at its center, containing a lava lake. Deposits of ejected material were seen on the flanks. That same day a 75-minute-long series of volcano-tectonic earthquakes began at 1940. There was a total of 21 events located 7.8 km ESE of the crater. The largest event, a M 1.6, occurred at 2007 at a depth of 2.5 km based on data collection and analysis of Red Nacional de Vigilancia Volcánica (RNVV) and Observatorio Volcanológico de los Andes del Sur (OVDAS), respectively. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned that material could be ejected within 500 m of the crater. ONEMI remained the Alert Level Yellow (the middle level on a three-color scale) for the municipalities of Villarrica, Pucón (16 km N), Curarrehue, and the commune of Panguipulli.
Sources: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino (SEGEMAR), Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN), Oficina Nacional de Emergencia-Ministerio del Interior (ONEMI)

Report for Aira
JMA reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (at Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) and nighttime crater incandescence during 14-21 November. Sulfur dioxide emissions were slightly high on 14 November at 1,100 tons per day. Six eruptive events and four explosions (during 15-16 and 20-21 November) produced volcanic plumes that rose as high as 2.2 km above the crater rim and ejected large blocks as far as 900 m from the vent. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and residents were warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Report for Alaid
KVERT lowered the Aviation Color Code for Alaid to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) on 17 November noting that activity had been gradually decreasing since the last ash plume was recorded on 26 October. A thermal anomaly continued to periodically be identified in satellite images when weather conditions permitted views, though the temperature of the thermal anomaly began decreasing on 29 October. Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Report for Ebeko
KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 10-17 November. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 12-13 and 16 November generated ash plumes that rose to 2.6 km (8,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in eastern directions. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 16 November. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 16 November; weather clouds prevented satellite views on the other days of the week. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Report for Great Sitkin
AVO reported that slow lava effusion continued at Great Sitkin during 15-22 November and the flow field continued to grow. Flow lobes extended about 600 m E of the vent and about 430 m S. Seismicity was low, with the occasional detection of low-frequency earthquakes. Satellite and webcam images were often cloudy through the week. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Report for Karymsky
KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly at Karymsky was identified in satellite images on 13 and 15-17 November. Gas-and-steam emissions persisted. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Report for Kerinci
PVMBG reported that brown ash plumes from Kerinci, often dense, rose as high as 150 m above the summit and drifted NE, E, and SE during 16-18 and 20-21 November. Weather clouds prevented visual observations during 18-20 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 3-km exclusion zone.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Report for Kilauea
HVO reported that lava continued to effuse from a vent in the lower W wall of Kilauea’s Halema`uma`u Crater during 16-22 November entering the lava lake and flowing onto the crater floor. The active part of the lake remained at a steady level all week. The Aviation Color Code and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Orange and Watch, respectively.
Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

Report for Manam
The Darwin VAAC reported that on 20 November ash plumes from Manam rose to 1.8 km (6,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NW based on satellite images.
Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

Report for Pavlof
AVO reported that a minor eruption at a vent on Pavlof’s upper E flank was ongoing during 16-22 November and nearly continuous seismic tremor was recorded. Almost daily elevated surface temperatures were identified in satellite images; weather clouds prevented views during 21-22 November. Webcam images showed occasional minor steaming and minor ash emissions in addition to a recent mass flow and ash deposits on the upper to lower flanks visible during 15-16 November, and incandescence at the vent during 16-17 November possibly associated with lava spattering or fountaining. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Report for Semeru
PVMBG reported that the eruption at Semeru continued during 16-22 November. White gas-and-steam plumes rose 100-200 m above the summit and drifted in various directions during 16-17 November. Emissions were not visible during 18-20 November, though weather conditions sometimes prevented visual observations. At 0608 on 21 November a white-to-gray ash plume rose around 400 m and drifted E. On 22 November white-to-gray ash plumes rose 300 m and drifted S at 0405, 600 m at 0503, and 800 m at 1541. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit, and 500 m from Kobokan drainages within 17 km of the summit, along with other drainages originating on Semeru, including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Report for Semisopochnoi
AVO reported ongoing low-level seismicity at Semisopochnoi characterized by intermittent seismic tremor and occasional low-frequency earthquakes during 16-22 November. Satellite and webcam views were mostly obscured by weather clouds, though during clear views continuous gas-and-steam emissions from the N crater of Mount Cerberus were visible. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch.
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Report for Sheveluch
KVERT reported that the ongoing eruption at Sheveluch during 11-17 November was generally characterized by explosions, hot avalanches, lava-dome extrusion, and strong fumarolic activity. A daily thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images. Collapses generated hot avalanches and ash plumes that drifted 85 km ENE during 13-14, and 16-17 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Report for Suwanosejima
JMA reported that the eruption at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 14-21 November and crater incandescence was visible nightly. Eruption plumes generally rose 600 m above the crater rim and blended into weather clouds. An explosion at 0251 on 15 November ejected blocks 500 m from the vent and produced an eruption plume that rose 2.3 km above the crater rim and drifted SE. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and residents were warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)