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Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Weekly Volcanic Activity Map

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 16 April-22 April 2025
Name Country Volcanic Region Eruption Start Date Report Status
Etna Italy Sicily Volcanic Province 2022 Nov 27 New
Klyuchevskoy Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc — New
Kuchinoerabujima Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc — New
Poas Costa Rica Central America Volcanic Arc 2025 Jan 5 New
Ulawun Papua New Guinea Bismarck Volcanic Arc — New
Whakaari/White Island New Zealand Taupo Volcanic Arc 2024 May 24 New
Aira Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2017 Mar 25 Continuing
Bezymianny Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 2024 Dec 24 Continuing
Bulusan Philippines Eastern Philippine Volcanic Arc — Continuing
Dukono Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 1933 Aug 13 Continuing
Great Sitkin United States Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc 2021 May 25 Continuing
Ibu Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 2008 Apr 5 Continuing
Kanlaon Philippines Negros-Sulu Volcanic Arc 2024 Oct 19 Continuing
Kilauea United States Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group 2024 Dec 23 Continuing
Lewotobi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2023 Dec 23 Continuing
Lewotolok Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2025 Jan 16 Continuing
Marapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2023 Dec 3 Continuing
Merapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2020 Dec 31 Continuing
Semeru Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2017 Jun 6 Continuing
Sheveluch Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 1999 Aug 15 Continuing
Suwanosejima Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2004 Oct 23 Continuing
Yakedake Japan Nankai Volcanic Arc — Continuing
All times are local unless otherwise stated.
Weekly Reports Archive

Since the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report began in November 2000, there have been 21,226 individual reports over 1,268 weeks (average of 17 per week) on 339 different volcanoes.

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Adams Cotopaxi Ijen Lewotobi Pinatubo Stromboli
Agung Cuicocha Iliamna Lewotolok Planchon-Peteroa Sulu Range
Ahyi Cumbal Iliwerung Little Sitkin Poas Sumbing
Aira Dabbahu Inielika Llaima Popocatepetl Sumisujima
Akan Davidof Ioto Lokon-Empung Purace Sundoro
Alaid Dempo Irazu Lonquimay Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Suoh
Alu-Dalafilla Descabezado Grande Iwatesan Lopevi Rabaul Suretamatai
Ambae Dieng Volcanic Complex Iya Machin Raikoke Suwanosejima
Ambang Dukono Izu-Torishima Makushin Ranakah Taal
Ambrym East Epi Jackson Segment Maly Semyachik Raoul Island Tair, Jebel at
Anatahan Ebeko Kaba Manam Rasshua Takawangha
Aniakchak Ebulobo Kadovar Manda Hararo Raung Talang
Antillanca Volcanic Complex Edgecumbe Kaitoku Seamount Marapi Redoubt Tambora
Antuco Egon Kama'ehuakanaloa Maroa Reventador Tanaga
Apoyeque Ekarma Kambalny Martin Reykjanes Tandikat-Singgalang
Arenal Eldey Kanaga Masaya Rincon de la Vieja Tangkoko-Duasudara
Asamayama Erebus Kanlaon Matthew Island Rinjani Tangkuban Parahu
Askja Erta Ale Karangetang Maule, Laguna del Ritter Island Tara, Batu
Asosan Etna Karkar Mauna Loa Rotorua Ta'u
Atka Volcanic Complex Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] Karthala Mayon Ruang Taupo
Augustine Eyjafjallajokull Karymsky McDonald Islands Ruapehu Telica
Avachinsky Fagradalsfjall Kasatochi Melebingoy Ruby Tenerife
Awu Fentale Katla Melimoyu Ruiz, Nevado del Tengger Caldera
Axial Seamount Fernandina Katmai Merapi Sabancaya Three Sisters
Azul, Cerro Fogo Kavachi Midagahara Sakar Tinakula
Azumayama Fonualei Kelimutu Misti, El Salak Tofua
Bagana Fournaise, Piton de la Kelud Miyakejima San Cristobal Tokachidake
Balbi Fourpeaked Kerinci Momotombo San Miguel Tolbachik
Bamus Fuego Ketoi Monowai San Vicente Toliman
Banda Api Fujisan Kharimkotan Montagu Island Sangay Tongariro
Bardarbunga Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba Kick 'em Jenny Moyorodake [Medvezhia] Sangeang Api Trident
Barren Island Galeras Kie Besi Mutnovsky Santa Ana Tungurahua
Batur Galunggung Kikai Myojinsho Santa Maria Turrialba
Bezymianny Gamalama Kilauea Nabro Sao Jorge Ubinas
Bogoslof Gamkonora Kirishimayama Negra, Sierra Sarigan Ugashik-Peulik
Brava Gareloi Kita-Ioto Negro, Cerro Sarychev Peak Ukinrek Maars
Bristol Island Gaua Kizimen Nightingale Island Saunders Ulawun
Bulusan Gede Klyuchevskoy Nishinoshima Savo Unnamed
Calbuco Gorely Kolokol Group Nisyros Semeru Unnamed
Callaqui Great Sitkin Kolumbo Novarupta Semisopochnoi Veniaminof
Cameroon Grimsvotn Koryaksky NW Rota-1 Seulawah Agam Villarrica
Campi Flegrei Guagua Pichincha Krakatau Nyamulagira Sheveluch Vulcano
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia Guallatiri Krummel-Garbuna-Welcker Nyiragongo Shishaldin West Mata
Cayambe Guntur Krysuvik-Trolladyngja Ofu-Olosega Simbo Westdahl
Chachadake [Tiatia] Hachijojima Kuchinoerabujima Okataina Sinabung Whakaari/White Island
Chaiten Hakoneyama Kurikomayama Okmok Sinarka Witori
Chiginagak Heard Kusatsu-Shiranesan Ontakesan Siple Wolf
Chikurachki Hekla Kverkfjoll Oraefajokull Sirung Wrangell
Chiles-Cerro Negro Helgrindur La Palma Osorno Slamet Yakedake
Chillan, Nevados de Hierro Lamington Pacaya Snaefellsjokull Yasur
Chirinkotan Hokkaido-Komagatake Lamongan Pagan Soputan Yellowstone
Chirpoi Home Reef Langila Palena Volcanic Group Sorikmarapi Yufu-Tsurumi
Ciremai Hood Lanin Paluweh Sotara Zaozan [Zaosan]
Cleveland Huaynaputina Lascar Panarea Soufriere Hills Zavodovski
Colima Hudson, Cerro Late Papandayan Soufriere St. Vincent Zhupanovsky
Colo Huila, Nevado del Lateiki Pavlof South Sarigan Seamount Zubair Group
Concepcion Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Lengai, Ol Doinyo Pelee Spurr
Copahue Ibu Leroboleng Peuet Sague St. Helens
 News Feeds and Google Placemarks


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The RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feed is identical to the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report minus some features including the header information (latitude and longitude and summit elevation), the Geologic Summary, and a link to the volcano's page from the Global Volcanism Program. At the end of each report is a list of the sources used. Each volcano report includes a link from the volcano's name back to the more complete information in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report on the Smithsonian website. This feature was first made available on 5 March 2008.


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A Google Earth network link for the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report can be loaded into the free Google Earth software, and in turn will load placemarks for volcanoes in the current weekly report. Placemark balloons include the volcano name, report date, report text, sources, and links back to the GVP volcano profile page and to the complete Weekly Report for that week. This feature was first made available on 1 April 2009.

 Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria



The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers



1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

4. Many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source.

5. USGS Disclaimer Statement for this Website:

Information presented on this website is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. Use of appropriate byline/photo/image credit is requested. We strongly recommend that USGS data be acquired directly from a USGS server and not through other sources that may change the data in some way. While USGS makes every effort to provide accurate and complete information, various data such as names, telephone numbers, etc. may change prior to updating. USGS welcomes suggestions on how to improve our home page and correct errors. USGS provides no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of furnished data.

Some of the documents on this server may contain live references (or pointers) to information created and maintained by other organizations. Please note that USGS does not control and cannot guarantee the relevance, timeliness, or accuracy of these outside materials.

For site security purposes and to ensure that this service remains available to all users, this government computer system employs software programs to monitor network traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to upload or change information, or otherwise cause damage. Unauthorized attempts to upload information or change information on this website are strictly prohibited and may be punishable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act. Information may also be used for authorized law enforcement investigations. (Last modified September 21, 1999.)

U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm

 Acronyms and Abbreviations

a.s.l. - above sea level

AVO - Alaska Volcano Observatory

AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CENAPRED - Centro Nacionale de Prevencion de Desastres (México)

CONRED - Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres

COSPEC - Correlation Spectrometer

CVGHM (formerly VSI) - Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation

CVO - Cascades Volcano Observatory (USGS)

GMS - Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GVO - Goma Volcano Observatory

GVP - Global Volcanism Program (Smithsonian Institution)

HVO - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS)

ICE - Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Costa Rica)

IG - Instituto Geofísico (Ecuador)

IGNS - Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (New Zealand) - now GNS Science

INETER - Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaragua)

INGEMMET - Instituto Geológical Minero y Metalúrgico (Peru)

INGEOMINAS - Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería (Colombia)

INGV-CT - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (Italy)

INSIVUMEH - Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrologia (Guatemala)

IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France)

JMA - Japanese Meteorological Agency

KEMSD - Kamchatkan Experimental and Methodical Seismilogical Department

KVERT - Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team

M - magnitude

METEOSAT - Meteorological Satellite

MEVO - Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory

MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MVO - Montserrat Volcano Observatory

MWO - Meteorological Watch Office

NEIC - National Earthquake Information Center

NIED - National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan)

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOTAM - Notice to Airmen

OVDAS - Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (Chile)

OFDA - Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance

ONEMI - Oficina Nacional de Emergencia - Ministerio del Interior (Chile)

OVPDLF - Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (France)

OVSICORI-UNA - Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Philippines)

RSAM - Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement

RVO - Rabaul Volcano Observatory

SERNAGEOMIN - Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (Chile)

SIGMET - Significant Meteorological Information

SNET - Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (El Salvador)

SVERT - Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (Russia)

USAID - US Agency for International Development

USGS - United States Geological Survey

UTC - Coordinated Universal Time

VAAC - Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

VAFTAD - Volcanic Ash Forecast Transport And Dispersion

VDAP - Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (USGS)

VHP - Volcano Hazards Program (USGS)

VRC - Volcano Research Center (Japan)

Global Volcanism Program  ·  Department of Mineral Sciences  ·  National Museum of Natural History
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Report for Etna
The Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) reported continuing activity at Etna during 14-20 April with two episodes of Strombolian activity at SE Crater. The first episode began at 0900 on 15 April and progressively intensified until about 1130, when lava overflowed the crater and descended the SE flank; activity ceased at 1150. The lava flow was about 1.2 km long and reached 2,620 m elevation based on 17 and 18 April satellite images. The second episode began at 1905 on 18 April and progressively intensified until about 2330, with two lava flows overflowing the crater; one descended the SE flank along the same path as the 15 April flow, and the other descended the SW flank. Activity ceased at 0055 on 19 April.
Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV)
Report for Klyuchevskoy
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that Strombolian activity at Klyuchevskoy began on 20 April. Incandescence at the summit was first observed at 1004 and continued to intensify through the day. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) at 2232.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Kuchinoerabujima
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that the number of shallow volcanic earthquakes increased beneath an area near Kuchinoerabujima’s Furudake Crater with 100 earthquakes recorded during 7-16 April. No changes to geothermal areas located in and around both Shindake and Furudake craters were observed during a field survey conducted on 11 April. Sulfur dioxide emissions were low, averaging 20 tons per day on 11 April, and no ground deformation had been detected since November 2023. The Alert Level was raised to 2 (on a scale of 1-5) at 2325 on 16 April; the public was warned that ejected blocks may land within 1 km of both craters, and pyroclastic flows may affect areas within 2 km of the W flank of Shindake Crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Poas
The Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) reported frequent explosions and ash-and-gas plumes at Poás during 16-22 April. Weather clouds often prevented visual observations, though during daily periods of clearer weather the plumes were confirmed to have contained ash. Both seismic and acoustic data indicated that frequent small eruptions at varying intensities occurred through the week, a change from the continuous activity of the previous week; activity generally began decreasing on 11 April. Ash emissions rose around 200 m above the crater rim and drifted SW and WSW, primary from Boca C during the first part of the week, then from Boca A starting on 20 or 21 April. Incandescence at Boca A was sometimes visible during dark hours. Energetic explosions ejected blocks as high as the crater rim. Sulfur dioxide emissions measured by a Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) station averaged 230-439 tons per day (t/d), though the average was 1,217 t/d on 17 April.

Notably, a strong explosive phase began at 1414 on 21 April and lasted for five minutes. A dense ash plume from Boca A rose 4.5 km above the crater rim and drifted SW, and hot ballistics (around 250 degrees Celsius) were ejected to the W. Weather clouds prevented clear views of the plume. According to a news article ash, gas, and incandescent material were ejected. Ash fell across the Valle Central to the SW, including in Zarcero (18 km W), Grecia (16 km SW), Alajuela (20 km S), Heredia (28 km SE), and San José (33 km SE), and on social media residents posted photos of ashfall on the streets, cars, and homes. Lower-energy ash emissions continued through the rest of the day, generating brown ash plumes at 1554, 1628, and 1721. Small eruptive events were recorded on 22 April. That same day field measurements of the gas emissions using a DOAS instrument yielded an average that exceeded 1,000 t/d. The volcano’s Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest color on a four-color scale).
Sources: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA), Tico Times
Report for Ulawun
The Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) reported that a possible ash plume at Ulawun was observed by a pilot at 0730 on 21 April and rose to 3.7 km (12,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S. Weather clouds obscured satellite views.
Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)
Report for Whakaari/White Island
On 17 April GeoNet reported that during the previous few months gas-and-steam emissions at Whakaari/White Island more frequently contained ash. The webcams located at Whakatane and Te Kaha recorded an increase in ash content in the emissions during the last few weeks and minor amounts of ash were identified in satellite data as reported by the Wellington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC). A hazy plume drifting downwind was visible from the mainland coast. Impact craters visible on the main crater floor during recent observation flights indicated that explosive activity had ejected rocks several hundreds of meters from the vent. Additionally, there were increases in temperatures (based on thermal infrared data) and sulfur dioxide emissions (detected by satellite and overflights). Recent activity was consistent with a low level of eruptive activity; the Volcanic Alert Level was raised to 3 (on a scale of 0-5) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). GeoNet stated that the Alert Levels were reflective of the current level of activity, but there was uncertainty due to the current lack of consistent, usable, real-time monitoring data; GeoNet relies on remote cameras, satellite images, and periodic overflights to monitor Whakaari.
Source: GeoNet
Report for Aira
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 14-21 April. Nightly crater incandescence was visible at Minamidake Crater in webcam images, and very small eruptive events were recorded during 14-18 April. On 17 April sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 900 tons per day. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from both the Minimadake and Showa craters.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Bezymianny
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that a thermal anomaly over Bezymianny was identified in satellite images during 10-17 April and that there were occasional avalanches of hot material. According to the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS), incandescent debris avalanches descended mainly the E flank, and crater incandescence was often visible during dark hours. Ash plumes generated from these avalanches on most days rose as high as 3.1 km above the summit and drifted NNW, NW, W, and E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are reported in UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT), Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS)
Report for Bulusan
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported increased seismicity at Bulusan. Seismicity recorded from 0300 on 12 April until 2200 on 21 April consisted of 94 weak volcano-tectonic earthquakes indicating rock fracturing, another four low-frequency volcanic earthquakes indicating fluid movement. The earthquake locations were within 20 km depth, with about half characterized as shallow. Weak-to-moderate gas emissions rose from the summit crater and active vents. The Alert Level remained at 0 (the lowest level on a scale of 0-5).
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
Report for Dukono
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Dukono continued during 16-22 April. White-and-gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose 600-1,500 m above the crater rim and drifted in multiple directions. Occasional rumbling and banging sounds were heard during 19-20 April. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the Malupang Warirang Crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Great Sitkin
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick flow in Great Sitkin’s summit crater during 16-22 April. Small daily earthquakes were detected by the seismic network. Inflation of the lava flow and minor advancement at the E and SE margins were visible in radar data from 17 April. Minor steaming at the lava flow was visible on 21 April. Weather clouds often obscured views of the volcano. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
Report for Ibu
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 16-22 April. Daily dense gray ash plumes rose 300-600 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. Nighttime crater incandescence was visible in a webcam images on 16, 18, and 21 April. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 5 km away from the N crater wall opening.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Kanlaon
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported continuing eruptive activity at Kanlaon during 16-22 April. The seismic network recorded 1-16 daily volcanic earthquakes and two periods of volcanic tremor (34 and 42 minutes long) on 15 April. Daily sulfur dioxide emissions ranged from 1,170 to 3,078 tonnes per day. Gas-and-steam emissions that occasionally contained ash generally rose as high as 200 m above the crater rim and drifted SW, W, and WNW. There were two ash emissions on 15 April (20 and 70 minutes long), and another on 20 April (31 minutes long); voluminous gas-and-ash plumes rose 600 m above the rim and drifted SW on 20 April. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 0-5); the public was warned to stay 6 km away from the summit and pilots were warned not to fly close to the volcano.
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
Report for Kilauea
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) reported that the eruption within Kilauea’s Kaluapele summit caldera, from two vents along the SW margin of Halema’uma’u Crater, continued at variable levels during 16-22 April. Both the N and S vents were strongly incandescent and produced gas emissions on 16 April. Later that evening at around 2110 incandescence at the N vent intensified and began to eject spatter at intervals of 10-20 seconds. Spatter bursts increased in size and frequency, and at around 2130 dome fountains 3-5 m high had formed. A lava pond in the crater rose and was visible at 2145, and by 2201 lava overflowed the crater and traveled short distances (up to 100 m) on the crater floor. Sulfur dioxide emissions were elevated. The activity ceased at 2321. Incandescence from the S vent disappeared when the N vent overflowed but returned once the flows ceased. Both the N and S vents were strongly incandescent and produced gas emissions during 17-20 April.

At around 0745 on 20 April a narrow lava flow was produced from the S vent. Lava fountaining to 2-3 m began soon after, and by 0915 lava flows had traveled about 1 km across the crater floor. After brief pauses during 0930-0943 and 1030-1050, followed by lava flows being fed by 5-m-high dome fountains. Lava flows and dome fountaining resumed after another break during 1110-1222, and then again ceased at 1244. Small gas-pistoning events occurred every 3-5 minutes and were superimposed upon the longer cycles of activity. Intermittent spattering at the N vent began at around 0130 on 22 April and increased in frequency. Lava overflowed the S vent at 0320, and by 0330 lava fountaining was occurring at both vents. Lava overflowed the N vent at 0347. By 0436 the fountain at the S vent was over 200 m high and the N vent fountain was more than 50 m high, feeding lava flows that cascaded down the vent flanks and onto the crater floor. Lava fountains at the N vent slightly grew through the day, rising as high as 60 m. The activity abruptly ceased at 1328, after lava had covered about 30 percent of the crater floor. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)
Report for Lewotobi
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Lewotobi Laki-laki continued during 16-22 April. Dense gray ash plumes rose 2.5-3.5 km above the summit on 16 April and drifted multiple directions. Ash plumes during 17-18 April rose 500-700 m above the summit and drifted mainly N and NE; weather clouds sometimes obscured views. Multiple ash plumes per day were recorded during 19-22 April. Ash plumes rose as high as 3 km and drifted in multiple directions. An eruptive event that was recorded at 2359 on 20 April ejected incandescent material onto the upper flanks. According to a news report, the event was accompanied by a loud banging sound heard at the Lewotobi Laki-laki observation post, 4.9 km WSW. On 22 April ash-and-gas plumes were continuously emitted from approximately 1000 at least through 1554; dense gray ash plumes rose 1.3-1.5 km above the summit and drifted W and NW, though weather clouds sometimes obscured views. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 6 km away from the center of Laki-laki.
Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Antara News
Report for Lewotolok
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that an eruption at Lewotolok was ongoing during 16-22 April. White steam-and-gas plumes rose as high as 100 m above the summit of the cone and drifted E and SE. Ash plumes rose 400 m above the summit and drifted SE on 17 April. Nighttime webcam images showed either incandescence at the summit or incandescent material being ejected above the summit. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the vent and 2.5 km away on the S, SE, and W flanks.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Marapi
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity from Verbeek Crater at Marapi (on Sumatra) continued during 16-22 April. Ash plumes rose 200-1,000 m above the summit and drifted NE, E, SE, and S on 16, 19, and 21 April. An explosion was recorded at 2141 on 21 April but was not visually confirmed due to weather cloud cover. According to a news report a resident Padang Panjang City (11 km SW) said that the explosion was so loud that it shook the windows. A webcam image at 2212 on 21 April showed incandescent material being ejected above the summit. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the active crater.
Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Antara News
Report for Merapi
The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 11-17 April. Seismicity remained at high levels. The SW lava dome produced 46 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 2 km SW down the Bebeng drainage, 30 that traveled as far as 2 km SW down the Krasak drainage, and 46 that traveled as far as 2 km W down the Sat/Putih drainage. Small morphological changes to the SW lava dome resulted from continuing effusion and minor collapses of material. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)
Report for Semeru
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity continued at Semeru during 16-22 April, with multiple daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. White-and-gray ash plumes rose 500-1,300 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions; ash plumes were not visible on 18 April. Incandescence at the summit was visible in a 17 April webcam image. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Sheveluch
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that lava extrusion may have continued at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the Young Sheveluch dome during 10-17 April. Daily thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Suwanosejima
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 14-21 April. Incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. Eruptive activity generated emissions that rose 400 m above the crater rim. Ashfall was reported by the Suwanosejima Branch of the Toshima Village Office (3.5 km SSW). The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second level on a five-level scale) and the public was warned to be cautious within 1.5 km of the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Yakedake
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) lowered the Alert Level for Yakedake to 1 (on a scale of 1-5) at 1100 on 18 April, noting that seismicity has remind at low levels after a period of elevated seismicity was recorded during 3-9 March. JMA warned climbers to be alert to any changes at the volcano and to wear a helmet.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)