Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 9 August-15 August 2023
Name	Country	Volcanic Province	Eruption Start Date	Report Status
Bagana	Papua New Guinea	Solomon Volcanic Arc	2000 Feb 28 (in or before)	New
Poas	Costa Rica	Central America Volcanic Arc	2023 Dec 1	New
Shishaldin	United States	Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc	—	New
Ulawun	Papua New Guinea	Bismarck Volcanic Arc	—	New
Aira	Japan	Ryukyu Volcanic Arc	2017 Mar 25	Continuing
Ebeko	Russia	Kuril Volcanic Arc	2022 Jun 11	Continuing
Fuego	Guatemala	Central America Volcanic Arc	2002 Jan 4	Continuing
Great Sitkin	United States	Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc	2021 May 25	Continuing
Ibu	Indonesia	Halmahera Volcanic Arc	2008 Apr 5	Continuing
Klyuchevskoy	Russia	Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc	—	Continuing
Lewotolok	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	2020 Nov 27	Continuing
Mayon	Philippines	Eastern Philippine Volcanic Arc	2023 Apr 27 ± 2 days	Continuing
Merapi	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	2020 Dec 31	Continuing
Piton de la Fournaise	France	Reunion Hotspot Volcano Group	—	Continuing
Popocatepetl	Mexico	Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt	2005 Jan 9	Continuing
Santa Maria	Guatemala	Central America Volcanic Arc	1922 Jun 22	Continuing
Semeru	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	2017 Jun 6	Continuing
Sheveluch	Russia	Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc	1999 Aug 15	Continuing
Suwanosejima	Japan	Ryukyu Volcanic Arc	2004 Oct 23	Continuing
Ubinas	Peru	Andean Central Volcanic Arc	2024 May 6	Continuing

All times are local unless otherwise stated.

Bagana (Papua New Guinea) | 9 August-15 August 2023 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Bagana
Solomon Volcanic Arc

The Darwin VAAC reported that ash plumes from Bagana were visible in satellite images rising to 2.1 km (7,000 ft) a.s.l. at 0800 on 12 August and 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. a few hours later at 1220; the plumes drifted NW and W, respectively. According to a news report aid has been sent to the more than 6,300 people that have been adversely affected by the recent explosive eruptions at Bagana. The report noted that as many as 17,000 residents living near the volcano may be impacted.

Sources: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC), US Agency for International Development / Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance

Poas (Costa Rica) | 9 August-15 August 2023 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Poas
Central America Volcanic Arc

OVSICORI-UNA reported that fumarolic degassing and lake convection at Poás were visible during 9-15 August. A small phreatic eruption at the center of the lake ejected material 5 m above the lake at 0842 on 11 August.

Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA)

Shishaldin (United States) | 9 August-15 August 2023 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Shishaldin
Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc

AVO reported that the effusive and explosive eruption at Shishaldin continued during 9-15 August. Seismicity was generally low during 9-14 August with a few local earthquakes detected on some days; no significant explosive activity was observed in seismic or infrasound data. Elevated surface temperatures were observed in satellite images caused by a small lava flow at the summit. Minor steam-and-gas emissions were visible in webcam or satellite images, though weather clouds sometimes prevented views. At 1827 on 14 August AVO noted that seismic tremor had steadily increased during the afternoon and erupting lava at the summit was evident in a satellite image. Explosion signals began to be detected at 0200 on 15 August. By 0335 satellite images showed an ash cloud drifting NE at 7.6 km (25,000 ft) a.s.l. and lightning was detected in the vicinity of the volcano. The ash cloud drifted 100 km NE over the Bering Sea and may have risen as high as 11 km (36,000 ft) a.s.l. Seismicity was significantly elevated during the eruption but had declined by 1322, though levels continued to indicate ongoing, low-level activity; a pilot reported that ash emissions continued, rising as high as 4.9 km (16,000 ft) a.s.l. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Ulawun (Papua New Guinea) | 9 August-15 August 2023 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Ulawun
Bismarck Volcanic Arc

Rabaul Volcano Observatory (RVO) reported that small-to-moderate volumes of white steam-and-gas plumes were visible in webcam images rising from Ulawun’s summit during 4-6 August. On the rest of the days through 12 August weather conditions mostly prevented views of the summit. No audible sounds or nighttime crater incandescence were reported. RSAM fluctuated during 4 July-12 August but overall showed an upward trend and corresponded to an increase in volcanic tremor amplitudes. RVO warned that minor eruptive activity may occur if the trend continued and that ash emissions had previously occurred at similar RSAM levels. The Alert Level remained at Stage 1 (the lowest level on the four-level scale).

Source: Rabaul Volcano Observatory (RVO)

Aira (Japan) | 9 August-15 August 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Aira
Ryukyu Volcanic Arc

JMA reported ongoing activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 7-14 August. Flashes of incandescence at Minamidake were observed during the night on 7 August. An explosion at 0345 on 9 August ejected large blocks as far as 600 m from the vent and possibly produced an ash plume, though weather conditions prevented visual confirmation. An explosion at 2205 on 13 August produced an ash plume that rose 2 km above the crater rim and drifted W. Large blocks were ejected 300-500 m from the vent. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from both craters.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Ebeko (Russia) | 9 August-15 August 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Ebeko
Kuril Volcanic Arc

KVERT reported that a moderate explosive activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 3-10 August. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 5-6 and 8-9 August generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l and drifted to the S and SE. Thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images during 6-9 August; weather clouds obscured views on other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Fuego (Guatemala) | 9 August-15 August 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Fuego
Central America Volcanic Arc

INSIVUMEH reported that 3-10 explosions per hour were recorded at Fuego during 9-15 August, generating ash plumes that rose as high as 1.1 km above the crater rim. The ash plumes drifted as far as 30 km NW, W, and SW causing daily ashfall in areas downwind including Morelia (9 km SW), Panimaché I and II (8 km SW), Santa Sofía (12 km SW), El Porvenir (8 km ENE), Los Yucales (12 km SW), Sangre de Cristo (8 km WSW), El Porvenir (8 km ENE), San Pedro Yepocapa (8 km NW), and Acatenango (8 km E). Daily shock waves rattled structures in communities around the volcano and rumbling was sometimes heard. Daily block avalanches descended the Ceniza (SSW), Seca (W), Trinidad (S), Taniluyá (SW), Honda, Las Lajas (SE), and El Jute (ESE) drainages. On most days explosions ejected incandescent material as high as 200 m above the summit.

Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)

Great Sitkin (United States) | 9 August-15 August 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Great Sitkin
Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc

AVO reported that slow lava effusion continued at Great Sitkin during 9-15 August, producing a thick flow in the summit crater. The eastern lobe continued to advance into glacial ice surrounding the crater, causing the ice to deform and crack, based on a 10 August satellite image. Seismicity remained slightly elevated throughout the week. Weather clouds often obscured satellite and webcam views. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Ibu (Indonesia) | 9 August-15 August 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Ibu
Halmahera Volcanic Arc

PVMBG reported that Ibu continued to erupt during 9-15 August. Daily white-and-gray ash emissions generally rose as high as 600 m above the summit and drifted N and NE. Gray ash plumes rose to 1 km on 9 August and as high as 1.5 km on 11 August that drifted N and NE. The Alert Level remained at a 2 (the second highest level on a four-level scale), and the public was advised to stay outside of the 2 km hazard zone, and to stay 3.5 km away from the N area of the active crater.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Klyuchevskoy (Russia) | 9 August-15 August 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Klyuchevskoy
Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc

KVERT reported that the explosive Strombolian eruption at Klyuchevskoy continued during 3-10 August and a daily bright thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images. Lava advanced down the Apakhonchich drainage on the SE flank. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Lewotolok (Indonesia) | 9 August-15 August 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Lewotolok
Sunda Volcanic Arc

PVMBG reported that the eruption at Lewotolok continued during 9-15 August. On most days white steam-and-gas plumes rose as high as 500 m above the summit and drifted W and NW. Incandescence at the summit was visible in a webcam image from 11 August. Variable density gray ash plumes rose 500-800 m and drifted W and NW during 11-12 August. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay at least 2 km away from the summit crater.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Mayon (Philippines) | 9 August-15 August 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Mayon
Eastern Philippine Volcanic Arc

PHIVOLCS reported that the eruption at Mayon continued during 9-15 August, with slow lava effusion from the summit crater feeding flows on the S, SE, and E flanks. The length of the lava flow in the Mi-Isi (S) drainage remained at 2.8 km and the flow in the Bonga (SE) drainage was 3.4 km long. The advancing flow in the Basud (E) drainage reached 1 km long by 9 August and was 1.1 km by 13 August. Collapses at the lava dome and from the lava flows produced incandescent rockfalls and pyroclastic density currents (PDCs, or pyroclastic flows) that descended the Mi-Isi, Bonga, and Basud drainages as far as 4 km. Each day seismic stations recorded 45-201 rockfall events and 1-4 PDC events. There 42-259 volcanic earthquakes, including 42-91 low-frequency volcanic earthquakes and 56-167 tremor events, each with durations of 1-45 minutes. Sulfur dioxide emissions were reported on most days, averaging between 799 and 2,689 tonnes per day, with the highest value recorded on 10 August. There was a total of five emissions of short, dark ash plumes (called “ashing” by PHIVOLCS) during 10-12 August. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 0-5 scale) and residents were reminded to stay away from the 6-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ). PHIVOLCS recommended that civil aviation authorities advise pilots to avoid flying close to the summit.

Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Merapi (Indonesia) | 9 August-15 August 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Merapi
Sunda Volcanic Arc

BPPTKG reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 4-10 August and seismicity remained at elevated levels. The SW lava dome produced a total of 198 lava avalanches that descended the SW flank; 15 traveled as far as 1.9 km down the upper part of the Boyong drainage, 180 traveled as far as 2 km down the upper Bebeng drainage, and 3 traveled as far as 1.6 km down the Sat/Putih drainage. Morphological changes to the SW lava dome were due to continuing collapses of material. Temperatures of the SW dome ranged from 180 to 412 degrees Celsius based on analysis of thermal photos acquired on 9 August. Analysis of a 10 August aerial survey estimated that the SW dome volume was 2,764,300 cubic meters and the dome in the main crater was an estimated 2,369,800 cubic meters. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit based on location.

Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)

Piton de la Fournaise (France) | 9 August-15 August 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Piton de la Fournaise
Reunion Hotspot Volcano Group

OVPF reported that the eruption at Piton de la Fournaise ended at 0500 on 10 August. The amplitude of volcanic tremor (an indicator of lava and gas emissions) had declined during the previous week. The Alert Level remained at 2-1, signifying an “ongoing eruption” inside the Enclos Fouqué caldera.

Source: Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (OVPF)

Popocatepetl (Mexico) | 9 August-15 August 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Popocatepetl
Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt

CENAPRED reported that eruptive activity continued at Popocatépetl during 8-15 August. Long-period events totaling 19-185 per day were accompanied by steam-and-gas plumes that sometimes contained minor amounts of ash. Seismic activity also included volcanic tremors (3-15 minutes daily), a few minor explosions, and two volcano-tectonic earthquakes on 9 and 15 August. A minor explosion at 0305 on 11 August was accompanied by crater incandescence. Another explosion at 0618 on 13 August produced an ash, steam, and gas plume that rose above the summit, and at 0736 an explosion produced a puff of ash, steam, and gas. The Alert Level remained at Yellow, Phase Two (the middle level on a three-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 12 km away from the crater.

Source: Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres (CENAPRED)

Santa Maria (Guatemala) | 9 August-15 August 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Santa Maria
Central America Volcanic Arc

INSIVUMEH reported that eruptive activity continued at Santa Maria’s Santiaguito lava dome complex during 9-15 August. Incandescence from the dome was visible during most nights and early mornings, and occasionally from the SW lava flow. Lava extrusion continued and formed a more prominent high point in the middle of the dome that was the main source of collapses and occasional short pyroclastic flows. Daily weak-to-moderate explosions generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose 700-1,000 m above the dome and drifted NW, W, and SW. Explosions also triggered incandescent avalanches that descended the dome’s flanks in all directions, and into the Zanjón, Seco, and San Isidro drainages. Incandescence was observed at the crater and along lava flow margins during the night and early morning.

Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)

Semeru (Indonesia) | 9 August-15 August 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Semeru
Sunda Volcanic Arc

PVMBG reported that eruptive activity continued at Semeru during 9-15 August. White-and-gray ash plumes rose as high as 1 km above the summit and drifted in multiple directions on most days; weather clouds prevented views on 14 August. Some of the plumes were brownish during 11-12 August. The Alert Level remained at 3 (third highest on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Sheveluch (Russia) | 9 August-15 August 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Sheveluch
Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc

KVERT reported that the eruption at Sheveluch continued during 3-10 August. Intense fumarolic activity was visible at the active dome, and thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images during 5-7 and 9 August. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Suwanosejima (Japan) | 9 August-15 August 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Suwanosejima
Ryukyu Volcanic Arc

JMA reported that the eruption at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 7-14 August. An eruptive event produced a plume that rose 1 km above the crater rim at 1447 on 12 August. No explosions or ejecta were observed during this time period. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1 km away from the crater.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Ubinas (Peru) | 9 August-15 August 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Ubinas
Andean Central Volcanic Arc

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) and Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET) reported that the eruption at Ubinas continued during 7-13 August. According to IGP a daily average of 102 volcano-tectonic earthquakes indicating rock fracturing and 60 long-period earthquakes signifying the movement of gas and magma. An explosion on 10 August produced an ash plume that rose 2.4 km above the crater rim and drifted 25 km SE and E. Ashfall was reported in Ubinas, Matalaque, and Chojata. INGEMMET noted that sulfur dioxide emissions were at moderate levels during 10-11 and 13-14 August, averaging 2,400-3,700 tons per day. Ash-and-steam plumes rose as high as 800 m and drifted E, SE, S, and W during 13-14 August. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the crater.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP), Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

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Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers

1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

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