Logo link to homepage
The Weeky Volcanic Activity Report posting schedule will change to Thursdays starting in January 2026.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Weekly Volcanic Activity Map

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Thursday (changed from Wednesdays starting in January 2026) and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 10 December-16 December 2025
Name Country Volcanic Region Eruption Start Date Report Status
Barren Island India Andaman Volcanic Province 2025 Jul 30 New
Mayon Philippines Eastern Philippine Volcanic Arc New
Purace Colombia Northern Andean Volcanic Arc 2025 Nov 23 New
Semeru Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2019 Feb 24 New
Talang Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc New
Aira Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2017 Mar 25 Continuing
Dukono Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 1933 Aug 13 Continuing
Fuego Guatemala Central America Volcanic Arc 2002 Jan 4 Continuing
Great Sitkin United States Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc 2021 May 25 Continuing
Ibu Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 2008 Apr 5 Continuing
Katmai United States Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc Continuing
Kilauea United States Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group 2024 Dec 23 Continuing
Krasheninnikov Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 2025 Aug 2 Continuing
Lewotolok Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2025 Jan 16 Continuing
Marapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2023 Dec 3 Continuing
Merapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2020 Dec 31 Continuing
Ruang Indonesia Sangihe Volcanic Arc Continuing
Sheveluch Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 1999 Aug 15 Continuing
Shishaldin United States Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc Continuing
Stromboli Italy Aeolian Volcanic Arc 1934 Feb 2 Continuing
Suwanosejima Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2004 Oct 23 Continuing
Westdahl United States Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc Continuing
All times are local unless otherwise stated.
Weekly Reports Archive

Since the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report began in November 2000, there have been 21,968 individual reports over 1,298 weeks (average of 17 per week) on 344 different volcanoes.

Search by Date



Use the dropdowns to choose the year and week for archived Weekly Reports.

Use the dropdowns to choose the year and week for archived Weekly Reports.          



Search by Volcano



Adams Cotopaxi Ijen Lewotobi Pinatubo Stromboli
Agung Cuicocha Iliamna Lewotolok Planchon-Peteroa Sulu Range
Ahyi Cumbal Iliwerung Little Sitkin Poas Sumbing
Aira Dabbahu Inielika Llaima Popocatepetl Sumisujima
Akan Davidof Ioto Lokon-Empung Purace Sundoro
Alaid Dempo Irazu Lonquimay Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Suoh
Alu-Dalafilla Descabezado Grande Iwatesan Lopevi Rabaul Suretamatai
Ambae Dieng Volcanic Complex Iya Machin Raikoke Suwanosejima
Ambang Dukono Izu-Torishima Makushin Rainier Taal
Ambrym East Epi Jackson Segment Maly Semyachik Ranakah Tair, Jebel at
Anatahan Ebeko Kaba Manam Raoul Island Takawangha
Aniakchak Ebulobo Kadovar Manda Hararo Rasshua Talang
Antillanca Volcanic Complex Edgecumbe Kaitoku Seamount Marapi Raung Tambora
Antuco Egon Kama'ehuakanaloa Maroa Redoubt Tanaga
Apaneca Range Ekarma Kambalny Martin Reventador Tandikat-Singgalang
Apoyeque Eldey Kanaga Masaya Reykjanes Tangkoko-Duasudara
Arenal Erebus Kanlaon Matthew Island Rincon de la Vieja Tangkuban Parahu
Asamayama Erta Ale Karangetang Maule, Laguna del Rinjani Tara, Batu
Askja Etna Karkar Mauna Loa Ritter Island Ta'u
Asosan Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] Karthala Mayon Rotorua Taupo
Atka Volcanic Complex Eyjafjallajokull Karymsky McDonald Islands Ruang Telica
Augustine Fagradalsfjall Kasatochi Melebingoy Ruapehu Telong, Bur ni
Avachinsky Fentale Katla Melimoyu Ruby Tenerife
Awu Fernandina Katmai Merapi Ruiz, Nevado del Tengger Caldera
Axial Seamount Fogo Kavachi Midagahara Sabancaya Three Sisters
Azul, Cerro Fonualei Kelimutu Misti, El Sakar Tinakula
Azumayama Fournaise, Piton de la Kelud Miyakejima Salak Tofua
Bagana Fourpeaked Kerinci Momotombo San Cristobal Tokachidake
Balbi Fuego Ketoi Monowai San Miguel Tolbachik
Bamus Fujisan Kharimkotan Montagu Island San Vicente Toliman
Banda Api Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba Kick 'em Jenny Moyorodake [Medvezhia] Sangay Tongariro
Bardarbunga Galeras Kie Besi Mutnovsky Sangeang Api Trident
Barren Island Galunggung Kikai Myojinsho Santa Ana Tungurahua
Batur Gamalama Kilauea Nabro Santa Maria Turrialba
Bezymianny Gamkonora Kirishimayama Negra, Sierra Sao Jorge Ubinas
Bogoslof Gareloi Kita-Ioto Negro, Cerro Sarigan Ugashik-Peulik
Brava Gaua Kizimen Nightingale Island Sarychev Peak Ukinrek Maars
Bristol Island Gede Klyuchevskoy Nishinoshima Saunders Ulawun
Bulusan Gorely Kolokol Group Nisyros Savo Unnamed
Calbuco Great Sitkin Kolumbo Northern EPR at 9.8°N Semeru Unnamed
Callaqui Grimsvotn Koryaksky Novarupta Semisopochnoi Veniaminof
Cameroon Guagua Pichincha Krakatau NW Rota-1 Seulawah Agam Villarrica
Campi Flegrei Guallatiri Krasheninnikov Nyamulagira Sheveluch Vulcano
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia Guntur Krummel-Garbuna-Welcker Nyiragongo Shishaldin West Mata
Cayambe Hachijojima Krysuvik-Trolladyngja Ofu-Olosega Simbo Westdahl
Chachadake [Tiatia] Hakoneyama Kuchinoerabujima Okataina Sinabung Whakaari/White Island
Chaiten Hayli Gubbi Kurikomayama Okmok Sinarka Witori
Chiginagak Heard Kusatsu-Shiranesan Ontakesan Siple Wolf
Chikurachki Hekla Kverkfjoll Oraefajokull Sirung Wrangell
Chiles-Cerro Negro Helgrindur La Palma Osorno Slamet Yakedake
Chillan, Nevados de Hierro Lamington Pacaya Snaefellsjokull Yasur
Chirinkotan Hokkaido-Komagatake Lamongan Pagan Soputan Yellowstone
Chirpoi Home Reef Langila Palena Volcanic Group Sorikmarapi Yufu-Tsurumi
Ciremai Hood Lanin Paluweh Sotara Zaozan [Zaosan]
Cleveland Huaynaputina Lascar Panarea Soufriere Hills Zavodovski
Colima Hudson, Cerro Late Papandayan Soufriere St. Vincent Zhupanovsky
Colo Huila, Nevado del Lateiki Pavlof South Sarigan Seamount Zubair Group
Concepcion Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Lengai, Ol Doinyo Pelee Spurr
Copahue Ibu Lereboleng Peuet Sague St. Helens
 News Feeds and Google Placemarks


Download Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report Network RSS Feed

The RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feed is identical to the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report minus some features including the header information (latitude and longitude and summit elevation), the Geologic Summary, and a link to the volcano's page from the Global Volcanism Program. At the end of each report is a list of the sources used. Each volcano report includes a link from the volcano's name back to the more complete information in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report on the Smithsonian website. This feature was first made available on 5 March 2008.



Download Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report Network CAP Feed

The CAP (Common Alerting Protocol) feeds are XML files specifically formatted for disaster management. They are similar in content to the RSS feed, but contain no active links.



Download Smithsonian/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report Network Link Download Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report Network Link

A Google Earth network link for the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report can be loaded into the free Google Earth software, and in turn will load placemarks for volcanoes in the current weekly report. Placemark balloons include the volcano name, report date, report text, sources, and links back to the GVP volcano profile page and to the complete Weekly Report for that week. This feature was first made available on 1 April 2009.

 Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria



The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers



1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

4. Many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source.

5. USGS Disclaimer Statement for this Website:

Information presented on this website is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. Use of appropriate byline/photo/image credit is requested. We strongly recommend that USGS data be acquired directly from a USGS server and not through other sources that may change the data in some way. While USGS makes every effort to provide accurate and complete information, various data such as names, telephone numbers, etc. may change prior to updating. USGS welcomes suggestions on how to improve our home page and correct errors. USGS provides no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of furnished data.

Some of the documents on this server may contain live references (or pointers) to information created and maintained by other organizations. Please note that USGS does not control and cannot guarantee the relevance, timeliness, or accuracy of these outside materials.

For site security purposes and to ensure that this service remains available to all users, this government computer system employs software programs to monitor network traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to upload or change information, or otherwise cause damage. Unauthorized attempts to upload information or change information on this website are strictly prohibited and may be punishable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act. Information may also be used for authorized law enforcement investigations. (Last modified September 21, 1999.)

U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm

 Acronyms and Abbreviations

a.s.l. - above sea level

AVO - Alaska Volcano Observatory

AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CENAPRED - Centro Nacionale de Prevencion de Desastres (México)

CONRED - Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres

COSPEC - Correlation Spectrometer

CVGHM (formerly VSI) - Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation

CVO - Cascades Volcano Observatory (USGS)

GMS - Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GVO - Goma Volcano Observatory

GVP - Global Volcanism Program (Smithsonian Institution)

HVO - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS)

ICE - Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Costa Rica)

IG - Instituto Geofísico (Ecuador)

IGNS - Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (New Zealand) - now GNS Science

INETER - Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaragua)

INGEMMET - Instituto Geológical Minero y Metalúrgico (Peru)

INGEOMINAS - Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería (Colombia)

INGV-CT - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (Italy)

INSIVUMEH - Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrologia (Guatemala)

IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France)

JMA - Japanese Meteorological Agency

KEMSD - Kamchatkan Experimental and Methodical Seismilogical Department

KVERT - Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team

M - magnitude

METEOSAT - Meteorological Satellite

MEVO - Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory

MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MVO - Montserrat Volcano Observatory

MWO - Meteorological Watch Office

NEIC - National Earthquake Information Center

NIED - National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan)

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOTAM - Notice to Airmen

OVDAS - Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (Chile)

OFDA - Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance

ONEMI - Oficina Nacional de Emergencia - Ministerio del Interior (Chile)

OVPDLF - Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (France)

OVSICORI-UNA - Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Philippines)

RSAM - Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement

RVO - Rabaul Volcano Observatory

SERNAGEOMIN - Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (Chile)

SIGMET - Significant Meteorological Information

SNET - Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (El Salvador)

SVERT - Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (Russia)

USAID - US Agency for International Development

USGS - United States Geological Survey

UTC - Coordinated Universal Time

VAAC - Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

VAFTAD - Volcanic Ash Forecast Transport And Dispersion

VDAP - Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (USGS)

VHP - Volcano Hazards Program (USGS)

VRC - Volcano Research Center (Japan)

Report for Barren Island
Satellite images showed that the lava flows on the N flank of Barren Island that began to be active in mid-November continued to be active in December. Satellite images acquired on 2, 5, 10, and 15 December showed that the lower half of the flows were hot and active. Thermal anomalies over two vents at the summit were also identified in the images, though weather clouds obscured the summit area on 15 December.
Source: Copernicus
Report for Mayon
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported continuing activity at Mayon during 11-15 December. The seismic network detected 6-17 daily rockfalls, one volcanic earthquake on 10 and 13 December and three volcanic earthquakes on 15 December. Gas plumes drifted WNW, WSW, and SW. Sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 307 tonnes per day on 10 December. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a 0-5 scale); the public was warned to stay out of the 6-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and pilots were advised to avoid flying close to the summit.
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
Report for Purace
The Servicio Geologico Colombiano (SGC) reported continuing eruptive activity at Puracé during 9-16 December. Seismicity was characterized by pulses of tremor, long-period signals indicating fluid movement, and periods of continuous tremor. The seismicity was located at depths less than 1 km and was related to internal movement of gases as well as emissions. Earthquakes indicating rock fracturing were located within 3 km of the crater at depths of 1-3 km. Gas-and-ash emissions, 2-15 per day, were associated with some seismic signals and visible in webcam images rising 700-800 m above the summit and drifting downwind. Significant sulfur dioxide emissions detected in satellite data dispersed within 300 m NE, NW, and W of the crater. Elevated temperatures in the crater area continued to be detected and were possibly associated with the emissions of hot gases. During 10-11 December minor ashfall and a weak sulfur odor was reported in Cristales (NW), in Pululó, Anambío (7 km NW), Coconuco (12 km WNW), Crucero de la Mina (6 km N), and the former Puracé police base to the N. Ashfall was reported in Cristales as well as in Río Negro (20 km SW) during 11-12 December, in Coconuco and in Río Negro during 12-13 December, and in Cristales and Chiliglo (11 km W) during 14-15 December. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay away from the crater.
Source: Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC)
Report for Semeru
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity continued at Semeru during 10-16 December, with daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. White-and-gray or gray ash plumes were observed almost daily rising 400-1,100 m above the summit and drifting in multiple directions; weather conditions prevented views on 14 December though eruptive events were detected. Incandescence at the summit on the upper SE flank was visible in several nighttime webcam images. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit on the SE flank along the Kobokan drainage, and 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km SE of the summit.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Talang
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported increased seismicity at Talang starting in September 2024, and seismicity indicative of magma movement in December 2025. The seismic network recorded swarms of deep volcanic (VT) earthquakes on 8 April, on 25 July, on 23 September, and on 9 October 2025. Specifically, the 23 September swarm was more clustered beneath the crater area and located at shallower depths compared to the 8 April and 25 July swarms. During 1-9 December seismicity was characterized by 101 VT earthquakes, two felt earthquakes ranging I-III on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale (MMI), and 14 deep tectonic earthquakes. A tectonic earthquake (M 4.7) at 0248 on 10 December was located about 222 km N; this was followed over about the next six hours by 227 VT earthquakes. At 1000 the Alert Level was raised to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and visitors and tourists were warned to stay away 2 km from both South Crater and Main Crater. PVMBG noted that Talang, mainly consisting of the Talang Jantan cone and Talang Betina cone about 1 km W, was located along the central zone of the active Great Sumatran Fault and influenced by tectonic activity.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Aira
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 8-15 December with five eruptive events and four explosions. Ash plumes rose as high as 2.2 km above the crater rim and large blocks were ejected as far as 600 m from the vent. Nightly crater incandescence was visible in webcam images. Eruptive events during 8-11 December produced ash plumes that rose as high as 2.2 km above the crater rim and drifted E and SE. Explosions at 1014 on 10 December and at 1334 and at 1606 on 13 December generated ash plumes that rose 500-1,800 m above the crater rim and drifted S and N. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to be cautious within 2 km of both the Minimadake and Showa craters.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Dukono
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Dukono continued during 10-16 December. Daily white-and-gray gas-and-ash plumes rose as high as 1.3 km above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the Malupang Warirang Crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Fuego
The Instituto Nacional de Sismología, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrología (INSIVUMEH) reported that eruptive activity at Fuego continued during 9-16 December. Daily Strombolian explosions recorded by the seismic network, at rates of 4-11 per hour, generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose as high as 1.1 km above the summit and drifted as far as 40 km NW, W, and SW. Occasional rumbling sounds, shock waves, and/or sounds associated with gas emissions were reported. Explosions occasionally ejected incandescent material as high as 200 m above the summit and showered the upper flanks with incandescent material. Ashfall was reported in areas to the W during 11-12 December.
Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)
Report for Great Sitkin
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick flow in Great Sitkin’s summit crater during 9-16 December. Small earthquakes were detected by the seismic network along with occasional rockfall signals. Elevated surface temperatures consistent with lava effusion were identified in satellite views during 9-10 and 12-16 December. Minor steaming from the lava flow was visible in clear webcam views during 14-15 December. Weather clouds sometimes obscured satellite and webcam views. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
Report for Ibu
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 10-16 December. Daily white-to-gray or gray ash plumes rose 200-1,000 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions; weather conditions occasionally prevented visual confirmation. Incandescence at the summit was visible in a few nighttime webcam images. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 2 km away from the active crater and 3.5 km away from the N crater wall opening.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Katmai
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that on 10 and 12 December strong winds in the vicinity of Katmai and the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes dispersed unconsolidated ash up to 1.8 km (6,000 ft) a.s.l. to the SE. The ash was originally deposited during the Novarupta-Katmai eruption in 1912. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Normal (the lowest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
Report for Kilauea
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) reported that the eruption within Kilauea’s Kaluapele summit caldera, characterized by episodic fountaining, incandescence, and intermittent spatter from craters along the SW margin of Halema’uma’u Crater, continued at variable levels during 9-16 December. Incandescence at the S vent was visible during dark hours but incandescent at the N vent persisted through 12 December and was absent or very minor during the rest of the week. Tremor was continuous with irregular peaks that during 12-16 December were related to gas pistoning. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)
Report for Krasheninnikov
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that eruptive activity at Krasheninnikov continued during 4-11 December. A large thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images on all days except 9 December when weather clouds obscured views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates and times are provided in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); specific events are indicated in local time where specified.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Lewotolok
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Lewotolok was ongoing during 10-16 December. Daily white plumes rose as high as 500 m above the summit of the cone and drifted in various directions. A few nighttime webcam images showed incandescence at the summit. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the summit and 2.5 km away on the SSE and W flanks.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Marapi
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive events at Marapi (on Sumatra) were recorded at 0445 on 11 December and at 1654 on 15 December, but were not visually observed due to weather conditions. At 1637 on 14 December an ash plume rose 1.2 km above the crater rim and drifted N. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the active crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Merapi
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Merapi continued during 10-16 December. The SW lava dome produced 10 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 2 km SW down the Bebeng drainage on 10 December and 2-16 per day that traveled 1.7-2 km down the Sat/Putih drainage during 11-12, 14, and 16 December. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Ruang
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity at Ruang had decreased following the 17 and 30 April 2024 eruptions. During September-December 2025 white emissions decreased in height to 10-50 m above the summit. Volcanic seismicity was generally low; during the previous three months seismicity was dominated by distant tectonic earthquakes, with 0-3 deep volcanic (VT) earthquakes per day. The Alert Level was lowered to 1 (the lowest level on a scale of 1-4) at 1000 on 10 December and the public was warned to stay 500 m away from the active crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Sheveluch
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported continuing eruptive activity at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the Young Sheveluch dome during 4-11 December. Ash plumes and clouds drifted as far as 250 km N during 5-7 December. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images during 6-8 and 11 December; the volcano was obscured by weather clouds on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Shishaldin
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that on 13 December strong winds in the vicinity of Shishaldin dispersed unconsolidated ash up to 2.7 km (9,000 ft) a.s.l. to the SSW. This phenomenon was not the result of recent volcanic activity and occurs during times of strong winds and dry snow-free conditions. The Anchorage Volcanic Ash Advisory Center and AVO reported that plumes of unconsolidated ash were visible in satellite images the next day, rising to the same altitude. Lower-level plumes of unconsolidated ash were also visible the week before, on 6 December, rising to 1.2 km (4,000 ft) a.s.l. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Advisory (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale).
Sources: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO), Anchorage Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)
Report for Stromboli
The Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) reported that eruptive activity continued at Stromboli during 8-14 December. Webcam images showed Strombolian activity from five vents in Area N within the upper part of the Sciara del Fuoco, and from at least two vents in Area C-S (South-Central Crater) on the crater terrace. The vents in Area N (two in sector N1 and three in sector N2) continued to produce low- to medium-intensity explosions at a rate of 10-21 per hour, ejecting lapilli and bombs less than 150 m above the vents. Spattering at N2 was visible and intense for long periods of time. Low- to medium-intensity explosions ejected tephra from two vents in Area C-S at a rate of 0-3 times per hour. Intense spattering at the S vent at N2 began during the late morning of 14 December. An abundant amount of spatter accumulated and extended a few hundred meters down the upper portion of the Sciara del Fuoco. The flow was visible for a few hours. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) according to the Dipartimento della Protezione Civile.
Sources: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV), Dipartimento della Protezione Civile
Report for Suwanosejima
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 5-12 December. Incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. An eruptive event on 12 December generated an ash plume that rose 600 m above the cater rim. Ashfall was reported in Toshima Village (3.5 km SSW) that same day. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second level on a five-level scale) and the public was warned to be cautious within 1.5 km of the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Westdahl
The Anchorage Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) reported that during 14-15 December plumes of unconsolidated ash in the vicinity of Westdahl were visible in satellite images rising to 1.8 km (6,000 ft) a.s.l. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Normal (the lowest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale).
Sources: Anchorage Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC), US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)