On 9 November Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) lowered the Aviation Color Code for Askja to Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale) noting that although deformation data indicted continuing magma accumulation at depth, with a total uplift of 40 cm since August 2021, it was not accompanied by elevated seismicity.
2022: July
| November
2021: September
2014: September
On 9 November Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) lowered the Aviation Color Code for Askja to Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale) noting that although deformation data indicted continuing magma accumulation at depth, with a total uplift of 40 cm since August 2021, it was not accompanied by elevated seismicity.
Source: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO)
On 27 July IMO stated that uplift at Askja began in August 2021 and since then had totaled 35 cm, centered in the W part of Askja lake. The uplift was rapid, compared to similar volcanoes around the world, and likely caused by a magmatic intrusion at an estimated depth of 2 km. Seismicity remained low.
Source: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO)
On 9 September IMO raised the Aviation Color Code for Askja to Yellow, noting that inflation that began in early August was ongoing and notably rapid. The uplift was centered at the W edge of Oskjuvatn caldera, which rose a total of 7 cm. The data suggested that magma was accumulating at 2-3.5 km depth.
Source: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO)
On 3 September IMO reported that inflation at Askja had begun in early August based on ground deformation data derived from satellite images and continuous GPS data. The uplift was centered at the W edge of Oskjuvatn caldera and vertically deformed at a rate of about 5 cm per month. Data indicated that the source of the inflation was at a depth of about 3 km and caused a volume change of about 0.01 cubic kilometers per month; the source was unknown, though most likely was caused by an influx of magma. The Aviation Color Code remained at Green.
Source: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO)
IMO had maintained the Aviation Colour Code for Askja at Yellow since 28 August due to elevated seismicity and localized deformation. On 11 September the Colour Code was reduced to Green when seismicity had diminished significantly.
Source: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO)
The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Askja.
This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.
Synonyms |
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Trolladyngja | Dynjufjöll | Dyngjufjall | ||||
Cones |
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Feature Name | Feature Type | Elevation | Latitude | Longitude |
Fjarholadydyngja | Shield volcano | 787 m | 65° 9' 0" N | 16° 36' 0" W |
Flatadyngja | Shield volcano | 780 m | 65° 11' 0" N | 16° 32' 0" W |
Flotudyngjuhraun | Shield volcano | 676 m | 65° 11' 0" N | 16° 30' 0" W |
Hrossaborg | Tuff ring | 400 m | 65° 37' 0" N | 16° 16' 0" W |
Kollóttadyngja | Shield volcano | 1168 m | 65° 13' 0" N | 16° 33' 0" W |
Litladyngja | Shield volcano | 65° 6' 0" N | 16° 37' 0" W | |
Svartadyngja | Shield volcano | 758 m | 65° 6' 0" N | 16° 32' 0" W |
Veggjabunga | Shield volcano | 585 m | 65° 24' 0" N | 16° 27' 0" W |
Craters |
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Feature Name | Feature Type | Elevation | Latitude | Longitude |
Batshraun | Fissure vent | 65° 3' 0" N | 16° 48' 0" W | |
Botnahraun | Fissure vent | 65° 3' 0" N | 16° 48' 0" W | |
Dyngjufjallahraun | Crater Row | 65° 0' 0" N | 16° 50' 0" W | |
Dyngjufjöll | Crater Row | 64° 58' 0" N | 16° 48' 0" W | |
Gigoldugjoska | Crater Row | 64° 54' 0" N | 17° 0' 0" W | |
Holuhraun | Crater Row | 64° 48' 0" N | 16° 52' 0" W | |
Hrutshalsar | Fissure vent | 1040 m | 65° 18' 0" N | 16° 35' 0" W |
Kistufellsgjoska | Fissure vent | 64° 56' 0" N | 17° 13' 0" W | |
Kistufellshraun | Crater Row | 64° 48' 0" N | 17° 11' 0" W | |
Lindahraun | Fissure vent | 65° 8' 0" N | 16° 35' 0" W | |
Myvetningahraun | Fissure vent | 65° 3' 0" N | 16° 48' 0" W | |
North caldera | Caldera | |||
Oskjuvatn | Caldera | 65° 2' 0" N | 16° 45' 0" W | |
Skalaralda | Crater | 64° 52' 0" N | 17° 13' 0" W | |
Sveinagja | Fissure vent | 575 m | 65° 32' 0" N | 16° 27' 0" W |
Vikahraun | Fissure vent | 65° 3' 0" N | 16° 48' 0" W | |
Vikraborgir | Crater | |||
Viti | Crater | 65° 3' 0" N | 16° 44' 0" W |
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There is data available for 14 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.
1961 Oct 26 - 1961 Dec 5 ± 4 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | North of Öskjuvatn lake (Vikraborgir) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1961 Oct 26 - 1961 Dec 5 ± 4 days | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 8 Events for Episode 1 at North of Öskjuvatn lake (Vikraborgir)
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1938 Dec 19 (?) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | South shore of Öskjuvatn lake | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1938 Dec 19 (?) - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at South shore of Öskjuvatn lake
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1926 Jul 15 ± 45 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2 (?)
Episode 1 | Eruption | South end of Öskjuvatn lake | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1926 Jul 15 ± 45 days - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 5 Events for Episode 1 at South end of Öskjuvatn lake
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1924 (?) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 0 (?)
Episode 1 | Eruption | South flank of Dyngjufjöll massif | |||||||||||||||||||
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1924 (?) - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||
List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at South flank of Dyngjufjöll massif
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1923 Jan 15 ± 45 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 0
Episode 1 | Eruption | SE corner of Öskjuvatn Caldera | |||||||||||||||||||
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1923 Jan 15 ± 45 days - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||
List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at SE corner of Öskjuvatn Caldera
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1922 Nov Confirmed Eruption VEI: 0
Episode 1 | Eruption | 1 km SW of Öskjuvatn Caldera | |||||||||||||||||||
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1922 Nov - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||
List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at 1 km SW of Öskjuvatn Caldera
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1921 Mar Confirmed Eruption VEI: 0
Episode 1 | Eruption | NE caldera wall, 0.6 km SE of Viti | |||||||||||||||||||
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1921 Mar - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||
List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at NE caldera wall, 0.6 km SE of Viti
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1919 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | Dyngjufjöll | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1919 - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Dyngjufjöll
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1875 Jan 1 - 1875 Oct 17 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 5
Episode 1 | Eruption | Öskjuvatn Caldera, Viti, Sveinagja | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1875 Jan 1 - 1875 Oct 17 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 13 Events for Episode 1 at Öskjuvatn Caldera, Viti, Sveinagja
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1797 (?) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 0
Episode 1 | Eruption | Holuhraun | |||||||||||||||||||
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1797 (?) - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||
List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Holuhraun
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1300 (?) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | South of Dyngjufjöll Ytri | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1300 (?) - Unknown | Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at South of Dyngjufjöll Ytri
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1250 BCE ± 300 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 0
Episode 1 | Eruption | Litladynga and Askja | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1250 BCE ± 300 years - Unknown | Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Litladynga and Askja
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2050 BCE ± 500 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 0
Episode 1 | Eruption | Flatadyngja, other areas NE of Dyngjufjöll | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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2050 BCE ± 500 years - Unknown | Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Flatadyngja, other areas NE of Dyngjufjöll
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8910 BCE ± 200 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 5
Episode 1 | Eruption | SE part of Askja caldera | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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8910 BCE ± 200 years - Unknown | Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 6 Events for Episode 1 at SE part of Askja caldera
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There is data available for 3 deformation periods. Expand each entry for additional details.
Reference List: de Zeeuew-van Dalfsen et al. 2012.
Full References:
de Zeeuw-van Dalfsen, E., R. Pedersen, A. Hooper, and F. Sigmundsson,, 2012. Subsidence of Askja caldera 2000-2009: Modelling of deformation processes at an extensional plate boundary, constrained by time series InSAR analysis. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 213-214: 72-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.004
Reference List: Pagli et al. 2006.
Full References:
Pagli, C., Sigmundsson, F., Árnadóttir, T., Einarsson, P., Sturkell, E.,, 2006. Deflation of the Askja volcanic system: contraints on the deformation source from combined inversion of satellite radar interferograms and GPS measurements. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 152, 97-108.
Start Date: 1983 | Stop Date: 1998 | Direction: Subsidence | Method: GPS, Tilt |
Magnitude: 75.000 cm | Spatial Extent: Unknown | Latitude: Unknown | Longitude: Unknown |
Remarks: Subsidence of 75 centimeters occurred between 1983 and 1998 during a non-eruptive period. |
Reference List: Sturkell and Sigmundsson 2000.
Full References:
Sturkell, E. and F. Sigmundsson,, 2000. Continuous deflation of the Askja caldera Iceland, during the 1983-1998 non-eruptive period. J. Geophys. Res., 25671-25684.
There is no Emissions History data available for Askja.
Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.
The maps shown below have been scanned from the GVP map archives and include the volcano on this page. Clicking on the small images will load the full 300 dpi map. Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included.
The following 2 samples associated with this volcano can be found in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences collections, and may be availble for research (contact the Rock and Ore Collections Manager). Catalog number links will open a window with more information.
Catalog Number | Sample Description | Lava Source | Collection Date |
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NMNH 111086 | Basalt | -- | -- |
NMNH 117551-5 | Obsidian | -- | -- |
Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes (Link to Askja) | The Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes is an interactive, web-based tool, containing information on volcanic systems that belong to the active volcanic zones of Iceland. It is a collaboration of the Icelandic Meteorological Office (the state volcano observatory), the Institute of Earth Sciences at the University of Iceland, and the Civil Protection Department of the National Commissioner of the Iceland Police, with contributions from a large number of specialists in Iceland and elsewhere. This official publication is intended to serve as an accurate and up-to-date source of information about active volcanoes in Iceland and their characteristics. The Catalogue forms a part of an integrated volcanic risk assessment project in Iceland GOSVÁ (commenced in 2012), as well as being part of the effort of FUTUREVOLC (2012-2016) on establishing an Icelandic volcano supersite. |
Copernicus Browser | The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions. |
MIROVA | Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity. |
MODVOLC Thermal Alerts | Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales. |
WOVOdat
Single Volcano View Temporal Evolution of Unrest Side by Side Volcanoes |
WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.
GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments. |
Volcanic Hazard Maps | The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter. |
IRIS seismic stations/networks | Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Askja. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice. |
UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations | Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Askja. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player. |
DECADE Data | The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO2 to the atmosphere, but installing CO2 monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere. |
Large Eruptions of Askja | Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA). |
EarthChem | EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS). |