Canada Volcanoes
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Canada has 24 Holocene volcanoes. Note that as a scientific organization we provide these listings for informational purposes only, with no international legal or policy implications. Volcanoes will be included on this list if they are within the boundaries of a country, on a shared boundary or area, in a remote territory, or within a maritime Exclusive Economic Zone. Bolded volcanoes have erupted within the past 20 years. Suggestions and data updates are always welcome ().
Volcano Name | Last Eruption | Volcanic Region | Primary Landform |
---|---|---|---|
Alligator Lake | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Atlin Volcanic Field | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Bridge River Cones | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Garibaldi Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Cayley Volcanic Field | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Garibaldi Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Cobb Segment | 1180 BCE | Northeast Pacific Rifts Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Crow Lagoon | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province | Minor |
Edziza | 950 CE | Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province | Composite |
Endeavour Segment | 3490 BCE | Northeast Pacific Rifts Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Fort Selkirk | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Garibaldi | 8060 BCE | Garibaldi Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Garibaldi Lake | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Garibaldi Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Heart Peaks | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province | Shield |
Hoodoo Mountain | 7050 BCE | Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province | Minor |
Iskut-Unuk River Cones | 1800 CE | Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Level Mountain | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province | Shield |
Meager | 410 BCE | Garibaldi Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Milbanke Sound Group | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Queen Charlotte Volcano Group | Minor (Basaltic) |
Nazko | 5220 BCE | Interior Western Canada Volcanic Province | Minor (Basaltic) |
Silverthrone | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Garibaldi Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Spectrum Range | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province | Shield |
Tseax River Cone | 1690 CE | Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province | Minor (Basaltic) |
Tuya Volcanic Field | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Wells Gray-Clearwater | 1550 CE | Interior Western Canada Volcanic Province | Cluster |
West Valley Segment | Unknown - Unrest / Holocene | Northeast Pacific Rifts Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Chronological listing of known Holocene eruptions (confirmed or uncertain) from volcanoes in Canada. Bolded eruptions indicate continuing activity.
Volcano Name | Start Date | Stop Date | Certainty | VEI | Evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Iskut-Unuk River Cones | [1904] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Atlin Volcanic Field | [1898 Nov 8] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Iskut-Unuk River Cones | 1800 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Tseax River Cone | 1690 ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Iskut-Unuk River Cones | 1590 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Wells Gray-Clearwater | 1550 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Dendrochronology | |
Tseax River Cone | 1330 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Edziza | 0950 ± 6000 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Radiogenic: Fission track |
Edziza | 0630 ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Meager | 0410 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Iskut-Unuk River Cones | 0620 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Edziza | 0750 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Cobb Segment | 1180 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Isotopic: Uranium-series |
Iskut-Unuk River Cones | 1830 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Iskut-Unuk River Cones | 3450 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Endeavour Segment | 3490 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: Uranium-series |
Iskut-Unuk River Cones | 4700 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Nazko | 5220 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Wells Gray-Clearwater | 5650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Edziza | 6520 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Iskut-Unuk River Cones | 6830 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Endeavour Segment | 6930 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: Uranium-series |
Hoodoo Mountain | 7050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Garibaldi | 8060 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Canada has 14 Pleistocene volcanoes. Note that as a scientific organization we provide these listings for informational purposes only, with no international legal or policy implications. Volcanoes will be included on this list if they are within the boundaries of a country, on a shared boundary or area, in a remote territory, or within a maritime Exclusive Economic Zone. Suggestions and data updates are always welcome ().
Volcano Name | Volcanic Region | Primary Volcano Type |
---|---|---|
Alice Arm | Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Baldface Mountain | Interior Western Canada Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Bowie Seamount | Kodiak-Bowie Hotspot Volcano Group | Minor |
Chilcotin Group-North | Interior Western Canada Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Chilcotin Group-South | Interior Western Canada Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Dark Mountain | Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Hogum Range | Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Itcha Range | Interior Western Canada Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Kawdy Metah | Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Klastline Group | Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Quesnel Cone Group | Interior Western Canada Volcanic Province | Minor |
Satah Mountain | Interior Western Canada Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Squamish | Garibaldi Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Tuzo Wilson Knolls | Kodiak-Bowie Hotspot Volcano Group | Minor |
There are 38 photos available for volcanoes in Canada.

Photo by Willie Scott, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Willie Scott, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Ben Edwards, 1995 (Dickinson College, Pennsylvania).

Satellite image courtesy of Copernicus Sentinel Data, 2018.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1983 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Jack Souther (Geological Survey of Canada, courtesy of Cathie Hickson).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1983 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Geological Survey of Canada (courtesy of Cathie Hickson).

Photo by Willie Scott, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1983 (Smithsonian Institution).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2020 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1983 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Ben Edwards, 1997 (Dickinson College, Pennsylvania).

Photo by Cathie Hickson (Geological Survey of Canada).

Photo by Ben Edwards, 1995 (Dickinson College, Pennsylvania).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Willie Scott, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Ben Edwards, 1994 (Dickinson College, Pennsylvania).

Photo by Jack Souther, 1992 (Geological Survey of Canada).

Photo by Ben Edwards (Dickinson College, Pennsylvania).

Photo by Ben Edwards, 2000 (Dickinson College, Pennsylvania).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1976 (Smithsonian Institution).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1983 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1976 (Smithsonian Institution).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

Image courtesy of NOAA Ocean Explorer and University of Washington.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1983 (Smithsonian Institution).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Lionel Jackson (Geological Survey of Canada).

Photo by Ben Edwards, 2003 (Dickinson College, Pennsylvania).

Photo by Lee Siebert (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1983 (Smithsonian Institution).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2020 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Geological Survey of Canada (courtesy of Cathie Hickson).
This is a compilation of Canada volcano information sources, such as official monitoring or other government agencies.
Volcano Observatories | |
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Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN) |
Volcanic Ash Advisory Center | |
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Montreal Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) | |
- Montreal VAAC Notices |