Vanuatu Volcanoes
Vanuatu has 14 Holocene volcanoes. Note that as a scientific organization we provide these listings for informational purposes only, with no international legal or policy implications. Volcanoes will be included on this list if they are within the boundaries of a country, on a shared boundary or area, in a remote territory, or within a maritime Exclusive Economic Zone. Bolded volcanoes have erupted within the past 20 years. Suggestions and data updates are always welcome ().
Volcano Name | Last Eruption | Volcanic Region | Primary Landform |
---|---|---|---|
Ambae | 2024 CE | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Ambrym | 2024 CE | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Shield |
East Epi | 2023 CE | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Gaua | 2022 CE | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Gemini-Oscostar | 1996 CE | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Hunter Island | 1903 CE | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Kuwae | 1974 CE | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Caldera |
Lopevi | 2007 CE | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Matthew Island | 1956 CE | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Motlav | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Nguna-Emau | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Suretamatai | 1966 CE | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Traitor's Head | 1881 CE | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Yasur | 2024 CE | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Chronological listing of known Holocene eruptions (confirmed or uncertain) from volcanoes in Vanuatu. Bolded eruptions indicate continuing activity.
Volcano Name | Start Date | Stop Date | Certainty | VEI | Evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ambrym | 2024 Oct 3 | 2024 Nov 12 | Confirmed | Observations: Satellite (infrared) | |
Ambae | 2024 Jun 29 | 2024 Jun 30 | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Ambrym | 2024 Jan 13 | 2024 Jan 16 | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Ambae | 2023 Dec 11 | 2023 Dec 21 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambae | 2023 Feb 20 | 2023 May 28 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
East Epi | 2023 Jan 31 | 2023 Feb 23 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Gaua | 2022 May 3 | 2022 May 3 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 2022 Jan 25 | 2022 Feb 2 ± 1 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Ambae | 2021 Dec 5 | 2022 Aug 15 ± 10 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Gaua | 2021 Nov 16 | 2021 Nov 16 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Ambae | 2017 Sep 6 | 2018 Oct 30 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Ambae | [2016 Aug 18] | [2016 Aug 19] | Uncertain | ||
Lopevi | [2014 Dec 1] | [2014 Dec 15] | Uncertain | ||
Gaua | 2011 Sep 17 | 2011 Oct 10 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Ambae | 2011 Jun 4 | 2011 Jul 10 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Gaua | 2009 Sep 27 | 2010 Jun 19 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 2008 May 23 | 2018 Dec 17 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | [2008 Feb 24] | [2008 Feb 24 (?)] | Uncertain | ||
Lopevi | 2007 Apr 21 | 2007 May 14 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 2006 Nov 8 | 2007 Dec 27 (in or after) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambae | 2005 Nov 27 | 2006 Feb 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 2005 Oct 27 (?) | 2006 Aug 1 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 2005 Jan 30 | 2005 Mar 31 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 2004 Sep 16 ± 15 days | 2004 Sep 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
East Epi | 2004 Feb 16 | 2004 Feb 24 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 2003 Jun 8 | 2003 Jun 16 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
East Epi | 2002 Mar 16 ± 15 days | 2002 Mar 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 2001 Jun 8 | 2001 Jun 19 (in or after) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
East Epi | 1999 Feb 1 (?) ± 30 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 1998 Jul 16 ± 15 days | 2000 Apr 25 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1996 Jun 16 (in or before) ± 15 days | 2005 Aug 16 (in or after) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Gemini-Oscostar | 1996 Feb 18 | 1996 Feb 22 (in or after) | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Ambae | 1995 Mar 2 | 1995 Mar 3 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1994 Dec 16 (in or before) ± 15 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1990 Sep 16 (in or before) ± 15 days | 1991 Jul 16 (in or after) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1989 Apr 24 | 1989 Dec 23 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
East Epi | [1988 Aug 16 ± 15 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Ambrym | 1988 Feb 12 (?) | 1988 Aug 23 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1986 Nov 13 | 1986 Nov 19 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1984 Jul 2 ± 182 days | 1986 Mar 8 (in or after) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1983 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 1982 Oct 24 | 1982 Oct 25 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gaua | 1982 Apr 18 | 1982 Apr 18 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gaua | 1981 Jul 9 | 1981 Jul 9 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1981 Feb 20 | 1981 Sep 30 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kuwae | [1980 Aug 20] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Gaua | 1980 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1980 May 16 | 1980 Aug 18 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 1980 Apr 15 | 1980 Aug 20 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Kuwae | [1979 Sep 16 ± 15 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Lopevi | 1979 Jul 2 | 1979 Sep 12 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
East Epi | 1979 Jul 2 ± 5 years ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1979 Jun 6 | 1979 Sep 16 (?) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1979 Jan 26 ± 5 days | 1979 Feb 18 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 1978 Nov 22 | 1979 Mar 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1977 Aug 16 ± 15 days | 1977 Sep 30 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gaua | 1977 Apr 13 | 1977 Apr 13 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kuwae | [1977 Feb 1] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Ambrym | 1977 Jan 20 ± 5 days | 1977 Jan 28 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Matthew Island | [1976 Nov 27] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Lopevi | 1976 May 1 | 1976 Sep 5 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Gaua | 1976 Jan 15 ± 5 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 1975 Mar 6 ± 3 days | 1975 Jun 23 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
East Epi | [1974 Nov 16 ± 15 days] | [1974 Nov 16 ± 15 days] | Uncertain | ||
Kuwae | 1974 Feb 4 ± 4 days | 1974 Sep 16 (?) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 1974 Jan 16 ± 15 days | 1974 Oct 7 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gaua | 1973 Oct 9 | 1974 Jan 21 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kuwae | [1973 May 5 ± 4 days] | [1973 Oct 16 ± 15 days] | Uncertain | ||
East Epi | [1973 May 5 ± 4 days] | [1973 Oct 26 ± 5 days] | Uncertain | ||
Ambrym | 1973 Apr 15 ± 5 days | 1976 Oct 14 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
East Epi | [1972 May 15 ± 5 days] | [1972 Jun 25 ± 5 days] | Uncertain | ||
Ambrym | 1972 Apr 15 | 1972 Aug 15 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Kuwae | [1972 Mar 5 ± 5 days] | [1972 May 15 ± 5 days] | Uncertain | ||
East Epi | [1971 Oct 28] | [1971 Nov 15 (?)] | Uncertain | ||
Gaua | 1971 May 12 | 1971 May 13 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kuwae | 1971 Feb 22 | 1971 Feb 22 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1971 Feb 3 | 1971 Nov 5 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kuwae | [1970 Sep 12] | [1970 Sep 20] | Uncertain | ||
Lopevi | 1970 May 9 | 1972 Aug 7 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gaua | 1969 Sep 22 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gaua | 1968 Jul 2 ± 182 days | 1968 Dec 1 ± 30 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gaua | 1967 Jul 16 ± 15 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1967 Jul 16 ± 15 days | 1970 Aug 29 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 1967 Jan 27 | 1969 Mar 31 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Matthew Island | [1966 Aug 16 ± 15 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Gaua | 1966 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gaua | 1965 Sep 27 | 1965 Sep 30 (in or after) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Suretamatai | 1965 Aug 9 | 1966 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1964 Feb 16 (?) ± 15 days | 1966 Sep 16 (in or after) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gaua | 1963 Sep 15 ± 5 days | 1963 Nov 9 (in or after) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Matthew Island | [1963 Sep 11] | [1964 Jul 2 ± 182 days] | Uncertain | ||
Ambrym | 1963 Aug 30 | 1963 Sep 23 (in or after) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 1963 Jul 7 | 1965 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 1962 Jul 16 ± 15 days | 1962 Jul 16 (?) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Gaua | 1962 Jul 16 (in or before) ± 15 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1961 Aug 15 | 1963 Apr 3 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1960 Sep 17 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
East Epi | 1960 Jul 16 (?) ± 15 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 1960 Jul 10 | 1960 Sep 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Kuwae | 1959 Sep 18 (?) | 1959 Sep 20 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Traitor's Head | [1959 Jul 2 ± 182 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Ambrym | 1959 Apr 16 ± 15 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1958 Nov 18 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kuwae | 1958 Oct 7 (?) | 1958 Dec 18 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
East Epi | 1958 Sep 16 (?) ± 15 days | 1958 Nov 16 (?) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1957 Aug 26 ± 5 days | 1957 Oct 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Matthew Island | 1956 Jul 2 ± 2 years ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1955 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Matthew Island | 1954 Oct 16 (?) ± 15 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1954 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
East Epi | [1953 Nov 16 ± 15 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Ambrym | 1953 May 16 ± 15 days | 1953 Oct 13 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
East Epi | 1953 Feb 12 | 1953 Feb 19 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Kuwae | 1953 Feb 12 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Kuwae | 1952 Oct 3 | 1952 Oct 3 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1952 Aug 10 | 1952 Dec 26 ± 5 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1950 Dec 6 | 1951 Nov 25 ± 5 days | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Kuwae | 1949 Oct | 1949 Dec | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Kuwae | 1949 Apr | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Matthew Island | 1949 (in or before) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kuwae | 1948 Sep 22 | 1948 Sep 29 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1942 Jun 6 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 1939 Nov 1 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 1939 Feb 2 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1938 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1937 Mar 27 | 1937 Apr | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1935 Sep | 1936 Jan | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 1933 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Ambrym | 1929 Jun 28 | 1929 Jul 1 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kuwae | 1923 | 1925 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 1922 Jun 28 | 1922 Jul 1 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
East Epi | 1920 Jan 22 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1915 Oct 20 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambae | [1915 ± 1 years] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Ambrym | 1913 Oct 14 | 1914 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1912 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Ambrym | 1910 | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1909 Jul 28 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1908 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 1908 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Hunter Island | 1903 | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 1898 Jun 3 | 1898 Jul 24 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1898 Mar 26 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Kuwae | 1897 May 25 (?) | 1901 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Hunter Island | 1895 Nov 24 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Ambrym | 1894 Oct 15 | 1895 Feb 10 (in or after) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 1892 Oct | 1893 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Hunter Island | [1892] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Ambrym | 1888 Feb 24 ± 4 days | 1888 Apr (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1886 Jul | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1884 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1883 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 1883 | 1884 | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Traitor's Head | 1881 | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 1874 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1871 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | [1870] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Ambae | 1870 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 1864 Jun 9 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Lopevi | 1863 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambrym | 1863 | 1864 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Suretamatai | 1861 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Suretamatai | 1856 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Hunter Island | 1841 Mar 15 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Suretamatai | [1841] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Hunter Island | 1835 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Matthew Island | [1828 Jan] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Ambrym | 1820 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Hunter Island | [1797] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Ambrym | 1774 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ambae | 1670 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Anthropology |
Ambae | 1530 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Kuwae | 1425 ± 5 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Yasur | 1270 ± 110 years | 2024 Dec 20 (continuing) | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Yasur | 0708 ± 169 years | 1273 ± 111 years | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Yasur | 0434 ± 90 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Ambrym | 0050 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 6 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Vanuatu has 19 Pleistocene volcanoes. Note that as a scientific organization we provide these listings for informational purposes only, with no international legal or policy implications. Volcanoes will be included on this list if they are within the boundaries of a country, on a shared boundary or area, in a remote territory, or within a maritime Exclusive Economic Zone. Suggestions and data updates are always welcome ().
Volcano Name | Volcanic Region | Primary Volcano Type |
---|---|---|
Aneityum | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
East Tanna | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Melkum | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Mere Lava | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Merig | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Mota | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Northeast Shepherd Islands | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Northern Efate | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Northwest Shepherd Islands | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Paama Island | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Pomare | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Pumpan | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Southern Shepherd Islands | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Tavani Ruro | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Tongoa | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Unnamed | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Ureparapara | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Volsmar | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
William | Vanuatu Volcanic Arc | Composite |
There are 55 photos available for volcanoes in Vanuatu.

Copyrighted photo by André Demaison, 1982 (courtesy of Katia and Maurice Krafft).

Photo by Philipson Bani, 2005 (Institut Recherche Développement, IRD).

Photo by Karoly Nemeth, 2005 (Massey University).

Photo by John Seach, 1999.

Photo by Michel Lardy, 1990 (ORSTROM, Vanuatu).

Photo courtesy of ORSTOM, 1995 (published in Global Volcanism Program Bulletin).

Photo by Hunting Surveys, London (published in Green and Short, 1971).

Copyrighted photo by André Demaison, 1982 (courtesy of Katia and Maurice Krafft).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Copyrighted photo by Roland Priam, 1958 (courtesy of IRD, New Caledonia).

NASA Space Shuttle image STS68-220-4, 1994 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Copyrighted photo by crew of Azur, 2004 (courtesy of IRD, Noumea, New Caledonia).

Photo by Michel Lardy, 1990 (ORSTROM, Vanuata).

Photo by Alain Melchior.

Photo by Steven Clegg, 2007.

Copyrighted photo by André Demaison, 1982 (courtesy of Katia and Maurice Krafft).

Photo by Karoly Nemeth, 2005 (Massey University).

Photo by J-M Bore, 1999 (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Vanuatu).

NASA International Space Station image ISS006-E-5732, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

NASA International Space Station image ISS006-E-40035, 2003 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Royal Air Force (published in Green and Short, 1971).

Photo by P. Evin, 1995 (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Vanuatu; Bull. Global Volcanism Network, 1999).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Karoly Nemeth (Massey University).

Photo by Job Eassau, 2006 (courtesy of Esline Garaebiti, Dept of Geology, Mines, and Water Resources, Port Vila).

NASA International Space Station image ISS006-E-40036, 2003 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by Philipson Bani, 2005 (Institut Recherche Développement, IRD).

Copyrighted photo by André Demaison, 1982 (courtesy of Katia and Maurice Krafft).

NASA Space Shuttle image STS068-206-50, 1994 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo courtesy Geological Survey, New Hebrides, 1971.

Photo by Alain Melchior, 1988.

Photo by Royal New Zealand Air Force, 1977.

Photo by John Seach, 2000.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Michel Lardy, 1998 (Institut de Recherche pour la Développment, Vanuatu).

Photo by U.S. Air Force (courtesy of Claude Robin, ORSTOM; Bull. Global Volcanism Network, 1995).

Photo by Ian Nairn, 1988 (New Zealand Geological Survey).

Photo by Claude Robin, 1991 (ORSTROM, Vanuatu).

Photo by Karoly Nemeth, 2005 (Massey University).

Photo by Royal New Zealand Air Force, 1977.

Copyrighted photo by Marco Fulle, 2000 (Stromboli On-Line, http://stromboli.net).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2020 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Karoly Nemeth, 2005 (Massey University).

Photo by Ian Nairn, 1988 (New Zeland Geological Survey).

Photo by John Seach, 1999.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2021 (https://www.planet.com/).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Copyrighted photo by Marco Fulle, 2000 (Stromboli On-Line, http://stromboli.net).

NASA International Space Station image ISS006-E-26739, 2003 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2020 (https://www.planet.com/).

NASA ASTER image, 2005 (courtesy of Alain Bernard, Université Libre de Bruxelles).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).
This is a compilation of Vanuatu volcano information sources, such as official monitoring or other government agencies.
Volcano Observatories | |
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Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-Hazards Department (VMGD) | ![]() ![]() |
- VMGD Alert Levels | ![]() |
- VMGD Activity Bulletins |
Civil Protection Agencies | |
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National Disaster Management Office (NDMO) |
Volcanic Ash Advisory Center | |
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Wellington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) | |
- Wellington VAAC Notices |