United States Volcanoes
United States has 165 Holocene volcanoes. Note that as a scientific organization we provide these listings for informational purposes only, with no international legal or policy implications. Volcanoes will be included on this list if they are within the boundaries of a country, on a shared boundary or area, in a remote territory, or within a maritime Exclusive Economic Zone. Bolded volcanoes have erupted within the past 20 years. Suggestions and data updates are always welcome ().
Volcano Name | Last Eruption | Volcanic Region | Primary Landform |
---|---|---|---|
Adams | 950 CE | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Agrigan | 1917 CE | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Ahyi | 2024 CE | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Akutan | 1992 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Alamagan | 870 CE | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Amak | 1796 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Amukta | 1997 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Anatahan | 2008 CE | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Aniakchak | 1931 CE | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Caldera |
Asuncion | 1906 CE | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Atka Volcanic Complex | 2024 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Augustine | 2006 CE | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Bachelor | 5800 BCE | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Baker | 1880 CE | Garibaldi Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Behm Canal-Rudyerd Bay | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Belknap | 475 CE | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Black Butte Crater Lava Field | 8400 BCE | Yellowstone-Snake River Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Black Peak | 1900 BCE | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Black Rock Desert | 1290 CE | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Blue Lake Crater | 680 CE | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Minor (Basaltic) |
Bobrof | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Bogoslof | 2017 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Buldir | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Buzzard Creek | 1050 BCE | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Minor (Basaltic) |
Carlisle | 1828 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Carrizozo | 3250 BCE | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Minor |
Chagulak | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Chiginagak | 1998 CE | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Churchill | 847 CE | Wrangell Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Cinnamon Butte | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Minor (Basaltic) |
Clear Lake Volcanic Field | Unknown - Evidence Credible | California Coast Ranges Volcano Group | Cluster |
Cleveland | 2020 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Crater Lake | 2850 BCE | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Caldera |
Craters of the Moon | 130 BCE | Yellowstone-Snake River Hotspot Volcano Group | Cluster |
Daikoku | Unknown - Unrest / Holocene | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Dana | 1890 BCE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Davidof | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Davis Lake | 2790 BCE | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Denison | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Devils Garden | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | High Lava Plains Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Diamond Craters | 5610 BCE | High Lava Plains Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Dotsero | 2200 BCE | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Minor (Basaltic) |
Douglas | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Duncan Canal | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Queen Charlotte Volcano Group | Cluster |
Dutton | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
East Diamante | Unknown - Unrest / Holocene | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Edgecumbe | 2080 BCE | Queen Charlotte Volcano Group | Cluster |
Emmons Lake Volcanic Center | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Caldera |
Escanaba Segment | 2260 BCE | Northeast Pacific Rifts Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Esmeralda Bank | Unknown - Unrest / Holocene | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Farallon de Pajaros | 1953 CE | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Fisher | 1830 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Forecast Seamount | Unknown - Unrest / Holocene | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Fourpeaked | 2006 CE | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Frosty | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Fukujin | 1974 CE | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Gareloi | 1989 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Glacier Peak | 1700 CE | Garibaldi Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Great Sitkin | 2024 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Griggs | 1790 BCE | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Guguan | 1883 CE | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Haleakala | 1750 CE | Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Hayes | 1200 CE | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Hell's Half Acre | 3250 BCE | Yellowstone-Snake River Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Herbert | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Hood | 1866 CE | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Hualalai | 1801 CE | Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Iliamna | 1876 CE | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Imuruk Lake | 300 CE | Northern Alaska-Bering Sea Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Indian Heaven | 6250 BCE | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Ingakslugwat Hills | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Northern Alaska-Bering Sea Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Jackson Segment | Unknown - Unrest / Holocene | Northeast Pacific Rifts Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Jefferson | 950 CE | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Jordan Craters | 1250 BCE | High Lava Plains Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Kagamil | 1929 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Kaguyak | 3850 BCE | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Caldera |
Kama'ehuakanaloa | 1996 CE | Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Kanaga | 2023 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Kasatochi | 2008 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Kasuga 1 | 1959 CE | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Kasuga 2 | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Katmai | 1912 CE | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Kialagvik | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Kilauea | 2024 CE | Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Kiska | 1990 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Koniuji | 1150 BCE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Kukak | Unknown - Unrest / Holocene | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Kupreanof | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Lassen Volcanic Center | 1917 CE | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Little Sitkin | 1830 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Mageik | 500 BCE | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Makushin | 1995 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Malumalu | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Samoan Hotspot Volcano Group | Composite |
Mammoth Mountain | 1260 CE | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Minor |
Mariana Back-Arc Segment at 15.5°N | 2015 CE | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Markagunt Plateau | 1050 CE | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Martin | 1953 CE | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Maug Islands | Unknown - Unrest / Holocene | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Mauna Kea | 2460 BCE | Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Mauna Loa | 2022 CE | Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Medicine Lake | 1060 CE | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Moffett | 1600 BCE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Mono Lake Volcanic Field | 1790 CE | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Mono-Inyo Craters | 1380 CE | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Newberry | 690 CE | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
North Gorda Ridge Segment | 1996 CE | Northeast Pacific Rifts Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Novarupta | 1912 CE | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Caldera |
NW Eifuku | Unknown - Unrest / Holocene | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
NW Rota-1 | 2010 CE | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Ofu-Olosega | 1866 CE | Samoan Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Okmok | 2008 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Pagan | 2021 CE | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Pavlof | 2022 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Pavlof Sister | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Rainier | 1450 CE | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Recheschnoi | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Red Hill | 9450 BCE | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Redoubt | 2009 CE | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Roundtop | 7600 BCE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Ruby | 2023 CE | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Salton Buttes | 210 CE | Gulf of California Rift Volcanic Province | Minor (Silicic) |
San Francisco Volcanic Field | 1075 CE | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Sand Mountain Field | 950 BCE | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Sarigan | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Seamount X | Unknown - Unrest / Holocene | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Seguam | 1993 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Segula | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Semisopochnoi | 2023 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Shasta | 1250 CE | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Shishaldin | 2023 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Snowy Mountain | 1710 CE | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Soda Lakes | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Minor (Basaltic) |
South Sarigan Seamount | 2010 CE | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Spurr | 1992 CE | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
St. Helens | 2008 CE | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Composite |
St. Michael | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Northern Alaska-Bering Sea Volcanic Province | Cluster |
St. Paul Island | 1280 BCE | Northern Alaska-Bering Sea Volcanic Province | Shield |
Steller | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Stepovak Bay Group | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Supply Reef | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Takawangha | 1550 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Tana | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Tanaga | 1914 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Ta'u | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Samoan Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Three Sisters | 439 CE | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Tlevak Strait-Suemez Island | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Queen Charlotte Volcano Group | Cluster |
Trident | 1974 CE | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Tutuila | 440 CE | Samoan Hotspot Volcano Group | Cluster |
Ubehebe Craters | 150 BCE | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Minor |
Ugashik-Peulik | 1814 CE | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Uinkaret Field | 1100 CE | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Ukinrek Maars | 1977 CE | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Minor (Basaltic) |
Uliaga | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Unnamed | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Minor (Silicic) |
Vailulu'u | 2003 CE | Samoan Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Veniaminof | 2021 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Vsevidof | 1878 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Wapi Lava Field | 300 BCE | Yellowstone-Snake River Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
West Crater | 5750 BCE | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Westdahl | 1992 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Wrangell | 1912 CE | Wrangell Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Yantarni | 800 BCE | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Yunaska | 1937 CE | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Zealandia Bank | Unknown - Unrest / Holocene | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Zuni-Bandera | 1170 BCE | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Chronological listing of known Holocene eruptions (confirmed or uncertain) from volcanoes in United States. Bolded eruptions indicate continuing activity.
Volcano Name | Start Date | Stop Date | Certainty | VEI | Evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kilauea | 2024 Dec 23 | 2024 Dec 23 (continuing) | Confirmed | Observations: Photo / Video | |
Kilauea | 2024 Sep 15 | 2024 Sep 20 | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Ahyi | 2024 Aug 5 | 2024 Dec 19 (continuing) | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Kilauea | 2024 Jun 3 | 2024 Jun 3 | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Atka Volcanic Complex | 2024 Mar 27 | 2024 Mar 27 | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Ahyi | 2024 Jan 1 | 2024 Mar 27 | Confirmed | Observations: Satellite (visual) | |
Kanaga | 2023 Dec 18 | 2023 Dec 18 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Seismicity |
Ruby | 2023 Sep 14 | 2023 Sep 15 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 2023 Jul 11 ± 1 days | 2023 Nov 3 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 2022 Nov 27 | 2022 Dec 10 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Ahyi | 2022 Nov 18 ± 1 days | 2023 Jun 11 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 2021 Sep 29 | 2023 Sep 16 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 2021 Aug 5 | 2022 Dec 7 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pagan | 2021 Jul 29 | 2021 Sep 6 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Great Sitkin | 2021 May 25 | 2024 Dec 19 (continuing) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Veniaminof | 2021 Feb 28 | 2021 Apr 5 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Semisopochnoi | 2021 Feb 2 ± 2 days | 2023 May 5 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 2020 Dec 20 | 2021 May 23 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Cleveland | 2020 Jun 1 | 2020 Jun 1 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Semisopochnoi | 2019 Dec 7 | 2020 Jun 19 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Cleveland | [2019 Nov 7] | [2019 Dec 7 (?)] | Uncertain | ||
Shishaldin | 2019 Jul 23 | 2020 May 4 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Semisopochnoi | 2019 Jul 16 | 2019 Aug 24 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Great Sitkin | 2019 Jun 1 | 2019 Jun 7 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Semisopochnoi | 2018 Sep 8 | 2018 Oct 31 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Veniaminof | 2018 Sep 4 | 2018 Dec 23 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Great Sitkin | 2018 Jun 10 | 2018 Aug 11 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Bogoslof | 2016 Dec 20 | 2017 Aug 30 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Cleveland | 2016 Apr 16 | 2019 Jan 20 ± 4 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 2016 Mar 27 | 2016 Jul 30 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 2014 Nov 12 | 2014 Nov 15 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 2014 May 31 | 2014 Jun 6 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Ahyi | 2014 Apr 24 | 2014 May 17 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Hydrophonic |
Shishaldin | 2014 Jan 30 | 2015 Jul 3 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Veniaminof | 2013 Jun 13 | 2013 Oct 12 ± 1 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 2013 May 13 | 2013 Jun 26 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Mariana Back-Arc Segment at 15.5°N | 2013 Feb 13 (after) | 2015 Dec 1 (in or before) | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Pagan | 2012 Jul 10 | 2012 Jul 10 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kanaga | 2012 Feb 18 | 2012 Feb 18 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Cleveland | 2011 Jul 19 ± 7 days | 2015 Aug 18 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pagan | 2011 Apr 23 (?) | 2011 Sep 1 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Cleveland | [2010 Sep 11] | [2010 Sep 12] | Uncertain | ||
Cleveland | 2010 May 30 | 2010 Jun 2 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
South Sarigan Seamount | 2010 May 27 | 2010 May 29 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Pagan | 2010 May 3 | 2010 Aug 11 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Cleveland | 2009 Oct 2 | 2009 Dec 12 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Cleveland | 2009 Jun 25 | 2009 Jun 25 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pagan | [2009 Apr 15] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Redoubt | 2009 Mar 15 | 2009 Jul 1 ± 30 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Cleveland | 2009 Jan 2 | 2009 Jan 21 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kasatochi | 2008 Aug 7 | 2008 Aug 9 (?) | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Okmok | 2008 Jul 12 | 2008 Aug 19 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Veniaminof | 2008 Feb 22 | 2008 Mar 1 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | [2008 Feb 12] | [2008 Feb 12] | Uncertain | ||
Anatahan | 2007 Nov 27 ± 3 days | 2008 Aug 9 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 2007 Aug 15 | 2007 Sep 13 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Cleveland | 2007 Jun 17 (?) | 2008 Aug 12 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pagan | 2006 Dec 4 | 2006 Dec 8 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Atka Volcanic Complex | 2006 Nov 25 ± 5 days | 2007 Mar 3 (in or before) | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Fourpeaked | 2006 Sep 17 | 2006 Sep 17 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Anatahan | 2006 Mar 20 (?) | 2006 Jun 26 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Veniaminof | 2006 Mar 3 | 2006 Sep 7 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Cleveland | 2006 Feb 6 | 2006 Oct 28 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Augustine | 2005 Dec 9 (?) | 2006 Apr 27 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Veniaminof | 2005 Sep 7 | 2005 Nov 4 (?) | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Cleveland | 2005 Mar 13 (?) | 2005 Nov 27 ± 1 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Atka Volcanic Complex | 2005 Feb 23 | 2005 May 5 ± 4 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Veniaminof | 2005 Jan 4 | 2005 Feb 14 ± 3 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
St. Helens | 2004 Oct 1 | 2008 Jan 27 ± 10 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Atka Volcanic Complex | 2004 Jul 4 (in or before) | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Anatahan | 2004 Apr 12 (in or before) | 2005 Sep 3 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 2004 Feb 17 | 2004 Jul 16 (in or after) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Veniaminof | 2004 Feb 16 | 2004 Sep 5 ± 4 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
NW Rota-1 | 2003 Jul 2 (?) ± 182 days | 2010 Mar 16 (in or after) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Anatahan | 2003 May 10 | 2003 Jul 12 ± 3 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Vailulu'u | 2003 Apr 16 ± 2 years ± 15 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Veniaminof | 2002 Sep 24 | 2003 Mar 23 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Wrangell | [2002 Aug 1] | [2002 Aug 2] | Uncertain | ||
Atka Volcanic Complex | 2002 Jul 16 (in or before) ± 15 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | [2001 Jun 5 ± 4 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Ahyi | 2001 Apr 24 | 2001 Apr 25 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Hydrophonic |
Cleveland | 2001 Feb 2 (in or before) | 2001 Apr 15 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | [2000 Aug 11] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Shishaldin | [1999 Sep 25 ± 5 days] | [2000 Feb 4 (?)] | Uncertain | ||
Wrangell | [1999 May 14] | [1999 May 14] | Uncertain | ||
Shishaldin | 1999 Mar 13 | 1999 May 27 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1998 Nov 4 | 1998 Nov 4 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Chiginagak | 1998 Aug 13 | 1998 Aug 13 (?) | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Atka Volcanic Complex | 1998 May 8 ± 1 days | 1998 Jul 8 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1997 Jun 2 | 1997 Jun 2 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Cleveland | 1997 May 5 | 1997 May 5 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Amukta | 1997 Mar 3 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Okmok | 1997 Feb 11 | 1997 May 19 ± 4 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Gareloi | [1996 Sep 27] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Amukta | 1996 Sep 17 | 1996 Sep 18 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1996 Sep 11 | 1997 Jan 3 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pagan | 1996 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Kanaga | [1996 Jun 11] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
North Gorda Ridge Segment | 1996 Feb 28 (?) | 1996 Mar 15 (?) | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Kama'ehuakanaloa | 1996 Feb 25 ± 30 days | 1996 Aug 9 (?) | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1995 Dec 23 | 1996 May 16 (in or before) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Veniaminof | 1995 Nov 15 | 1995 Nov 30 (?) | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Ruby | 1995 Oct 11 (?) | 1995 Oct 25 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Kanaga | 1995 Jun 19 (?) | 1995 Jun 23 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Atka Volcanic Complex | [1995 May 1] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Veniaminof | 1995 Apr 17 | 1995 Apr 17 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Makushin | 1995 Jan 30 | 1995 Jan 30 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Vailulu'u | 1995 Jan 9 | 1995 Jan 29 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Hydrophonic |
Cleveland | 1994 Oct 20 | 1994 Oct 20 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Cleveland | 1994 May 25 | 1994 May 25 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Ahyi | 1994 Apr 23 | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Kanaga | 1994 Jan 5 ± 4 days | 1994 Nov 26 ± 4 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1993 Sep 4 | 1993 Oct 29 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Makushin | 1993 Aug 16 ± 15 days | 1994 Jan 19 (?) | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Veniaminof | 1993 Jul 30 | 1994 Sep 28 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Seguam | 1993 May 28 | 1993 Aug 31 (in or after) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pagan | 1993 Jan 15 ± 5 days | 1993 Nov 16 (in or after) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Seguam | 1992 Dec 27 | 1992 Dec 30 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1992 Dec 18 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Bogoslof | 1992 Jul 6 | 1992 Jul 24 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Spurr | 1992 Jun 27 | 1992 Sep 17 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Pagan | 1992 Apr 13 | 1992 Apr 13 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1992 Mar 8 | 1992 May 21 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Westdahl | 1991 Nov 29 | 1992 Jan 14 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1991 Sep 15 | 1991 Oct 29 ± 1 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
St. Helens | 1990 Nov 5 | 1991 Feb 14 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1990 Sep 6 | 1990 Oct 1 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kiska | 1990 Jun 1 | 1990 Jun 1 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1990 Mar 5 | 1990 Mar 5 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1990 Jan 26 ± 5 days | 1990 Jan 26 ± 5 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Redoubt | 1989 Dec 14 | 1990 Jun 20 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
St. Helens | 1989 Dec 7 | 1990 Jan 6 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Cleveland | [1989 Oct 25 ± 3 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Ahyi | 1989 Sep 21 | 1989 Dec 27 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Hydrophonic |
Gareloi | 1989 Aug 17 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1989 Feb 27 | 1989 Mar 28 (in or before) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pagan | 1988 Aug 24 | 1988 Oct 12 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1988 Mar 26 | 1988 Jul 20 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pagan | [1988 Feb 16] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Carlisle | [1987 Nov 16] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Pagan | 1987 Sep 4 | 1987 Sep 4 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Amukta | 1987 Sep 4 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Gareloi | 1987 Sep 4 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Cleveland | 1987 Jun 19 | 1987 Aug 28 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Esmeralda Bank | [1987 May 26] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Kiska | [1987 Apr 15] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Semisopochnoi | 1987 Apr 13 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Veniaminof | 1987 Mar 19 | 1987 Mar 19 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Great Sitkin | [1987 Mar 18] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Kupreanof | [1987 Mar 10] | [1987 Mar 10] | Uncertain | ||
Atka Volcanic Complex | 1987 Mar 4 (?) | 1987 Mar 19 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Makushin | 1987 Mar 2 | 1987 Mar 2 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1987 Jan 31 | 1987 Jun 24 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Okmok | 1986 Nov 18 | 1988 Feb 26 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kama'ehuakanaloa | [1986 Sep 20] | [1986 Sep 20] | Uncertain | ||
Atka Volcanic Complex | [1986 May 23] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Cleveland | 1986 Apr 28 | 1986 May 27 (in or after) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1986 Apr 16 | 1988 Aug 13 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Augustine | 1986 Mar 27 | 1986 Aug 31 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1986 Mar 19 | 1987 Feb 15 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1986 Mar 18 | 1986 Jun 30 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Cleveland | [1985 Dec 10] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Ahyi | 1985 Aug 2 | 1985 Sep 5 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Hydrophonic |
Veniaminof | 1984 Nov 29 | 1984 Dec 6 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kama'ehuakanaloa | [1984 Nov 11] | [1985 Jan 21] | Uncertain | ||
Cleveland | 1984 Jul 12 | 1984 Jul 12 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1984 Mar 25 | 1984 Apr 15 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1983 Nov 11 | 1983 Dec 18 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1983 Jul 11 | 1983 Jul 18 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Okmok | 1983 Jul 8 | 1983 Jul 8 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Veniaminof | 1983 Jun 2 | 1984 Apr 17 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1983 Jan 3 | 2018 Sep 5 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Fukujin | [1982 Dec 15] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Akutan | 1982 Oct 5 ± 4 days | 1983 May 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1982 Sep 25 | 1982 Sep 26 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | [1982 Jul 15 ± 45 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Kilauea | 1982 Apr 30 | 1982 May 1 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Esmeralda Bank | [1982 Apr 6] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Gareloi | 1982 Jan 15 | 1982 Jan 15 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Fukujin | [1982 Jan 12] | [1982 Mar 16] | Uncertain | ||
Pavlof | 1981 Sep 25 | 1981 Sep 27 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | [1981 Sep 25] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Pagan | 1981 May 15 | 1985 May 1 (in or after) | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1981 Mar 30 (in or before) | 1981 May 28 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Okmok | 1981 Mar 24 | 1981 Mar 24 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Fukujin | [1981 Jan 7] | [1981 Jan 8] | Uncertain | ||
Pavlof | 1980 Nov 8 | 1980 Nov 13 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Gareloi | 1980 Aug 7 | 1980 Sep 17 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1980 Jul 6 ± 1 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1980 Jul 3 (in or before) | 1980 Jul 8 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Makushin | 1980 May 1 ± 75 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
St. Helens | 1980 Mar 27 | 1986 Oct 28 ± 3 days | Confirmed | 5 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1980 Mar 11 | 1980 Mar 11 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1979 Nov 16 | 1979 Nov 17 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Ahyi | [1979 Nov 15] | [1979 Nov 15] | Uncertain | ||
Fukujin | [1979 Apr 26] | [1980 May 12] | Uncertain | ||
Shishaldin | 1979 Feb 16 ± 15 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Westdahl | [1979 Feb 8] | [1979 Feb 9] | Uncertain | ||
Akutan | 1978 Sep 25 ± 5 days | 1978 Oct 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Fukujin | [1978 Aug 24] | [1978 Aug 25] | Uncertain | ||
Shishaldin | 1978 Feb 8 | 1978 Feb 9 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Westdahl | 1978 Feb 4 | 1978 Feb 9 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Fukujin | [1977 Oct 14] | [1978 Mar 24] | Uncertain | ||
Kilauea | 1977 Sep 13 | 1977 Oct 1 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Ukinrek Maars | 1977 Mar 30 | 1977 Apr 9 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Seguam | 1977 Mar 6 | 1977 Mar 8 (?) | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1976 Oct 15 ± 45 days | 1977 May 9 (in or after) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Fukujin | [1976 Aug 2] | [1977 Apr 21] | Uncertain | ||
Atka Volcanic Complex | [1976 Jul 2 ± 182 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Augustine | 1976 Jan 22 (?) | 1977 May 14 (?) | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1976 Jan 16 ± 15 days | 1976 Sep 28 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1975 Nov 29 | 1975 Nov 29 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Kasuga 1 | [1975 Nov 16 ± 15 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Cleveland | [1975 Sep 16 ± 15 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Shishaldin | 1975 Sep 13 | 1975 Oct 26 ± 5 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1975 Sep 13 | 1977 Mar 16 (in or after) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kama'ehuakanaloa | [1975 Aug 24 (?)] | [1975 Nov 16 ± 15 days] | Uncertain | ||
Mauna Loa | 1975 Jul 5 | 1975 Jul 6 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Esmeralda Bank | [1975 Apr 26] | [1975 Apr 29] | Uncertain | ||
Kilauea | 1974 Dec 31 | 1974 Dec 31 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1974 Sep 1 (in or before) | 1975 Jan 13 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Trident | 1974 Jul 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1974 Mar 12 | 1974 Mar 24 (?) | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Great Sitkin | 1974 Feb 19 | 1974 Sep 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1974 Feb 11 (in or before) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1973 Nov 12 | 1973 Nov 13 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Fukujin | 1973 Sep 27 | 1974 Mar 5 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Atka Volcanic Complex | 1973 Aug 25 ± 2 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Vailulu'u | 1973 Jul 10 | 1973 Jul 10 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Hydrophonic |
Akutan | 1973 Mar 16 (?) ± 15 days | 1973 May 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | [1972 Sep 16 (?) ± 15 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Augustine | 1971 Oct 7 | 1971 Oct 8 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Kama'ehuakanaloa | [1971 Sep 17] | [1972 Sep 16 ± 15 days] | Uncertain | ||
Chiginagak | 1971 Jul 16 ± 15 days | 1971 Jul 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Esmeralda Bank | [1970 Jul 2 ± 1 years ± 182 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Kiska | 1969 Sep 11 | 1969 Sep 16 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Wrangell | [1969 Aug 16 ± 15 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Ahyi | 1969 Mar 11 | 1969 Mar 13 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Hydrophonic |
Kilauea | 1969 Feb 22 | 1974 Sep 19 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Trident | 1968 Nov 13 | 1968 Nov 13 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Fukujin | 1968 Sep 16 ± 15 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Redoubt | 1967 Dec 6 | 1968 Apr 28 (in or after) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1967 Nov 5 | 1968 Oct 22 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Trident | 1967 Sep 5 | 1968 Feb 25 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Ahyi | 1967 Mar 27 | 1967 Apr 10 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Hydrophonic |
Shishaldin | 1967 Jan 28 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Redoubt | 1966 Oct 7 | 1967 Jan 15 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Trident | 1966 Jul 2 (?) ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Ruby | 1966 Apr 21 ± 7 days | 1966 May 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Hydrophonic |
Pavlof | 1966 Mar 15 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Redoubt | 1966 Jan 24 | 1966 Feb 20 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1965 Dec 24 | 1965 Dec 25 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1965 Mar 5 | 1965 Mar 15 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Trident | 1964 May 31 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Esmeralda Bank | [1964 Apr 14] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Kiska | 1964 Mar 18 | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Westdahl | 1964 Mar 10 | 1964 Apr 16 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1963 Dec 28 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Trident | 1963 Oct 17 | 1963 Nov 17 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Augustine | 1963 Oct 11 | 1964 Aug 19 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1963 Aug 21 | 1963 Oct 6 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Trident | 1963 Apr 1 | 1963 Apr 3 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Amukta | 1963 Feb 13 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1962 Dec 7 | 1962 Dec 9 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1962 Nov 5 ± 4 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Trident | 1962 Jun 9 | 1962 Jun 9 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Kiska | 1962 Jan 24 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1961 Jul 10 | 1961 Sep 24 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Trident | 1961 Jun 30 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1961 Feb 24 | 1961 Mar 25 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Okmok | 1960 Oct 15 ± 45 days | 1961 Apr 15 ± 45 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1960 Jul 2 (?) ± 182 days | 1963 Jun 16 (?) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1959 Nov 14 | 1960 Feb 19 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Fukujin | [1959 Aug 16 ± 15 days] | [1959 Oct 16 ± 15 days] | Uncertain | ||
Kasuga 1 | 1959 Jul 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Fukujin | [1958 Aug 16 ± 15 days] | [1958 Sep 16 ± 15 days] | Uncertain | ||
Okmok | 1958 Aug 14 | 1958 Aug 25 ± 10 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1958 May 17 | 1958 Aug 28 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Trident | 1957 Jul 2 ± 182 days | 1960 Aug 10 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vsevidof | [1957 Mar 11] | [1957 Mar 12] | Uncertain | ||
Trident | 1956 Sep 8 | 1956 Sep 9 | Confirmed | 2 | Unknown |
Kaena | [1956 May 22] | [1956 May 23] | Uncertain | ||
Veniaminof | 1956 Mar 16 ± 15 days | 1956 May 23 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1955 Jul 16 ± 15 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1955 Feb 28 | 1955 May 26 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1954 May 31 | 1954 Jun 3 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1953 Nov 25 | 1954 Aug 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1953 Oct 4 ± 3 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Spurr | 1953 Jul 9 | 1953 Jul 16 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1953 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Atka Volcanic Complex | [1953 Jul 2 ± 182 days] | [1954 Jul 2 ± 182 days] | Uncertain | ||
Cleveland | [1953 Jun 25] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Iliamna | [1953 Mar 1] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Martin | 1953 Feb 17 | Unknown | Confirmed | Unknown | |
Trident | 1953 Feb 15 | 1954 Oct 5 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Farallon de Pajaros | 1952 Oct 26 ± 5 days | 1953 Apr 15 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Fukujin | [1952 Jul 2 ± 182 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Iliamna | [1952 Jul 2 ± 182 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Makushin | [1952 Jul 2 ± 182 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Kilauea | 1952 Jun 27 | 1952 Nov 10 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Gareloi | 1952 Jan 17 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Makushin | 1951 Dec 20 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Cleveland | [1951 Nov 1] | [1951 Dec 16 ± 15 days] | Uncertain | ||
Akutan | 1951 Oct 16 ± 15 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1951 Oct 16 ± 15 days | 1952 Feb 16 (?) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bogoslof | [1951 Sep 21] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Farallon de Pajaros | 1951 Aug 16 ± 15 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Martin | 1951 Jul 22 | Unknown | Confirmed | Unknown | |
Fukujin | 1951 Jul 15 ± 45 days | 1951 Oct 15 ± 45 days | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Atka Volcanic Complex | [1951 Jul 2 ± 182 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Shishaldin | 1951 Apr 16 ± 15 days | 1951 Oct 5 ± 4 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Great Sitkin | 1950 Nov 5 | 1950 Nov 29 | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Pavlof | 1950 Jul 31 | 1951 May 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Trident | 1950 Jul 2 | 1950 Aug 18 | Confirmed | 2 | Unknown |
Gareloi | 1950 Jul 2 ± 182 days | 1951 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1950 Jun 1 | 1950 Jun 23 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Great Sitkin | 1949 Dec 30 | 1950 Jan 7 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Trident | 1949 Jun | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Mauna Loa | 1949 Jan 6 | 1949 May 31 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1948 Apr 29 | 1948 Aug 7 (in or after) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1948 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Iliamna | [1947 Jun] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Farallon de Pajaros | [1947 Jan (?)] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Akutan | 1946 Dec | 1947 Jan | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Great Sitkin | [1946 Aug 14] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Shishaldin | 1946 Aug | 1947 Jan | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mageik | [1946] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Okmok | 1945 Jun 4 | 1945 Dec | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Great Sitkin | 1945 Mar | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Esmeralda Bank | [1944 Aug 20 ± 10 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Cleveland | 1944 Jun 10 | 1944 Jun 12 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Veniaminof | 1944 Mar 28 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Okmok | 1943 Jun | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Farallon de Pajaros | 1943 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
St. Paul Island | [1943] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Mauna Loa | 1942 Apr 26 | 1942 May 10 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Kanaga | 1942 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Aniakchak | [1942] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Farallon de Pajaros | 1941 Mar 28 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1940 Apr 7 | 1940 Aug 18 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Veniaminof | 1939 Nov | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Veniaminof | 1939 May 23 | 1939 Jun 26 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Farallon de Pajaros | 1939 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Makushin | 1938 Oct | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Okmok | 1938 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Cleveland | 1938 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Yunaska | 1937 Nov 3 | 1937 Nov 4 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Mageik | [1936 Jul 4] | [1936 Jul 5] | Uncertain | ||
Farallon de Pajaros | 1936 Apr 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1936 | 1948 May (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Okmok | [1936] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Mauna Loa | 1935 Nov 21 | 1936 Jan 2 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Augustine | 1935 Mar 13 | 1935 Aug 18 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1934 Sep 6 | 1934 Oct 8 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Ahyi | 1934 Jul 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Farallon de Pajaros | [1934] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Mauna Loa | 1933 Dec 2 | 1933 Dec 18 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Great Sitkin | 1933 Nov | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Redoubt | [1933 May 25] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Iliamna | [1933 May 5] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Farallon de Pajaros | 1932 Sep 7 | 1932 Oct 7 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1932 Feb 1 | 1932 May 21 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Cleveland | 1932 Jan 1 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Kilauea | 1931 Dec 23 | 1932 Jan 5 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Bogoslof | 1931 Oct 31 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Aniakchak | 1931 May 1 | 1931 Jun 13 (in or after) | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1931 May | 1931 Aug | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Okmok | 1931 Mar 21 | 1931 May 13 (in or after) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1930 Nov 19 | 1930 Dec 7 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Wrangell | [1930 Jun 30] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Veniaminof | 1930 Jun | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Chiginagak | [1929 Dec] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Kagamil | 1929 Dec | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Mageik | [1929 Aug 19] | [1929 Dec] | Uncertain | ||
Kilauea | 1929 Jul 25 | 1929 Jul 28 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1929 May 28 | 1929 Jun 23 (in or after) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1929 May (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gareloi | 1929 Apr | 1930 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Cleveland | [1929 Mar] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Pavlof | 1929 Mar | 1931 Aug | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1929 Feb 20 | 1929 Feb 21 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Pagan | [1929] | [1930] | Uncertain | ||
Yunaska | [1929] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Farallon de Pajaros | 1928 Dec 15 ± 5 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1928 Aug | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mageik | [1927 Aug 26 ± 5 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Kilauea | 1927 Jul 7 | 1927 Jul 20 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1927 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Seguam | [1927] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Akutan | 1927 | 1928 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gareloi | [1927] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Kiska | [1927] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Makushin | 1926 Dec 30 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bogoslof | 1926 Jul | 1928 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1926 Apr 10 | 1926 Apr 28 (?) | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Pagan | 1925 Feb | 1925 May 5 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Farallon de Pajaros | 1925 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1925 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Kilauea | 1924 May 10 | 1924 Jul 29 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1924 Jan 17 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Asuncion | [1924] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Pagan | 1923 Feb (?) | 1923 Mar 26 ± 5 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1922 Dec 24 | 1923 Feb 28 ± 60 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1922 Oct 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gareloi | 1922 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Wrangell | [1921 Jul 3] | [1921 Jul 3] | Uncertain | ||
St. Helens | [1921 Mar 18] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Mauna Loa | 1919 Sep 26 | 1919 Nov 5 (?) | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1917 Oct | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Agrigan | 1917 Apr 9 | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Pagan | 1917 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1916 May 19 | 1916 May 30 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1914 Nov 25 | 1915 Jan 11 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1914 Jul 6 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Lassen Volcanic Center | 1914 May 30 | 1917 Jun 29 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Tanaga | 1914 | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Trident | 1913 Sep | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Bogoslof | [1913 Jul] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Katmai | 1912 Jun 6 | 1912 Jul 21 (in or after) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Novarupta | 1912 Jun 6 | 1912 Oct (?) | Confirmed | 6 | Observations: Reported |
Farallon de Pajaros | 1912 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | [1912] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Makushin | [1912] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Akutan | [1912] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Wrangell | 1911 Apr 14 | 1912 Sep 14 (?) | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1911 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Medicine Lake | [1910 Jan] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Bogoslof | 1909 Sep | 1910 Sep 19 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pagan | 1909 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1908 Feb 22 | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Bogoslof | [1908 Jan 15 ± 45 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Augustine | 1908 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Wrangell | [1907 Apr 1 (in or before)] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Mauna Loa | 1907 Jan 9 | 1907 Jan 24 (in or after) | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Kiska | [1907] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Makushin | 1907 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Akutan | 1907 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Atka Volcanic Complex | 1907 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Kilauea | 1906 Dec 2 | 1924 Feb | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Kanaga | 1906 May | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Bogoslof | 1906 Mar 1 ± 30 days | 1907 Sep 1 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1906 | 1911 Dec 7 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Asuncion | 1906 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1905 Feb 22 | 1906 Apr | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Kanaga | 1904 | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Great Sitkin | [1904] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Kilauea | 1903 Nov 25 | 1904 Jan 10 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
St. Helens | [1903 Sep 15] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Mauna Loa | 1903 Sep 1 | 1903 Dec 7 (?) | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Wrangell | 1902 Jul 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1902 Jun 3 | 1903 Mar 5 ± 5 days | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1902 Feb 14 (in or before) | 1902 Feb | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Redoubt | 1902 Jan 18 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Seguam | 1902 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Farallon de Pajaros | 1901 Jan (?) | 1902 Dec | Confirmed | 2 | Uncertain |
Pavlof | 1901 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1901 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Wrangell | 1900 Jun (in or before) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Wrangell | 1899 Sep 3 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1899 Jul 1 | 1899 Jul 23 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | [1899] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Kasatochi | [1899 (?)] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Okmok | 1899 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
St. Helens | [1898 Apr 5] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Shishaldin | 1898 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1897 Jun 24 | 1897 Jun 27 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | [1897] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Cleveland | 1897 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Kilauea | 1896 Jul 11 | 1896 Sep 25 ± 5 days | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1896 Apr 21 | 1896 May 6 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1896 Jan 3 | 1896 Jan 28 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1896 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Akutan | 1895 Aug 1 | 1895 Aug 14 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Rainier | [1894 Nov 21 (?)] | [1894 Dec 24 (?)] | Uncertain | ||
Pavlof | 1894 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Cleveland | 1893 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Mauna Loa | 1892 Nov 30 | 1892 Dec 3 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1892 Sep 23 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Veniaminof | 1892 Aug 28 | 1892 Aug 30 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Seguam | 1892 Apr 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1892 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Seguam | 1891 Dec | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mono Lake Volcanic Field | [1890 Aug 23 (?)] | [1890 Aug 23 (?)] | Uncertain | ||
Alamagan | [1887 Nov 29] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Mauna Loa | 1887 Jan 16 | 1887 Jan 28 (?) | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1887 | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1886 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Wrangell | [1884 Oct 26] | [1885 Feb 4] | Uncertain | ||
Baker | [1884] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Augustine | 1883 Oct 6 | 1884 (?) | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Bogoslof | 1883 Sep 27 (in or before) | 1895 ± 2 years | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Guguan | 1883 ± 1 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Makushin | 1883 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1883 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1883 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Rainier | [1882] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Mauna Loa | 1880 Nov 5 | 1881 Aug 10 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Baker | 1880 Sep 7 | 1880 Nov 27 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1880 May 1 | 1880 May 6 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | [1880] | [1881] | Uncertain | ||
Pavlof | 1880 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Vsevidof | [1880] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Mauna Loa | 1879 Mar 9 | 1879 Mar 9 (?) | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Rainier | [1879] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Vsevidof | 1878 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Okmok | 1878 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Amukta | 1878 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Mauna Loa | 1877 Feb 14 | 1877 Feb 24 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1876 Feb 13 | 1876 Feb 14 (?) | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Farallon de Pajaros | 1876 Jan 1 (?) | 1876 Jan 3 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Amukta | [1876] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Iliamna | 1876 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1875 Aug 11 | 1875 Aug 18 (?) | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1875 Jan 10 | 1875 Feb 9 (?) | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Veniaminof | 1874 Jul 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1873 Apr 20 | 1874 Oct 19 (?) | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1873 Jan 6 | 1873 Jan 7 (?) | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Yunaska | [1873] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Gareloi | 1873 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Semisopochnoi | 1873 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Pagan | 1873 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1872 Aug 9 | 1872 Sep | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Farallon de Pajaros | 1872 Jul 11 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1871 Aug 10 | 1871 Aug 30 (?) | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | [1870 Jan 1 (?)] | [1870 Jan 15 (?)] | Uncertain | ||
Rainier | [1870] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Baker | 1870 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Baker | [1869 Jun] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Hood | [1869] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Mauna Loa | 1868 Mar 27 | 1868 Apr 22 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Baker | [1867 Mar] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Akutan | 1867 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Makushin | [1867] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Iliamna | 1867 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ofu-Olosega | 1866 Sep 12 | 1866 Nov 15 ± 5 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1866 Mar 14 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1865 Dec 30 | 1866 Apr 29 (?) | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Hood | 1865 Sep 21 | 1866 Jan (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | [1865] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Akutan | 1865 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Makushin | 1865 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Baker | [1865] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Farallon de Pajaros | 1864 Jan 7 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Alamagan | [1864 Jan] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Pagan | 1864 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Baker | 1863 Jul | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | [1862] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Baker | [1860 Dec] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Baker | 1859 Nov | 1860 Apr 26 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Hood | 1859 Aug 15 | 1859 Aug 17 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1859 Jan 23 | 1859 Nov 25 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Baker | 1858 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Rainier | [1858] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
St. Helens | 1857 Apr | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Baker | [1856] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Mauna Loa | 1855 Aug 11 | 1856 Nov | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Hood | [1854 Aug] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
St. Helens | 1854 Feb | 1854 Apr | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Rainier | [1854] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Baker | 1854 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
St. Helens | 1853 Mar 15 ± 5 days | 1853 Aug (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Hood | [1853] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Baker | 1852 Dec 1 ± 30 days | 1853 Jan (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1852 Feb 17 | 1852 Mar 11 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1852 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Pavlof | [1852] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Veniaminof | [1852] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Ugashik-Peulik | [1852] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Mauna Loa | 1851 Aug 8 | 1851 Aug 11 ± 1 days | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Baker | [1850 Mar] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
St. Helens | 1850 Mar | 1850 May (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1849 May | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
St. Helens | [1849] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
St. Helens | 1848 Apr 1 (in or before) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | 1848 Mar 5 ± 4 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
St. Helens | 1847 Mar 26 | 1847 Mar 30 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1846 Aug | 1846 Aug | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Baker | [1846] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Pavlof | 1845 Aug 12 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Akutan | [1845] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Makushin | [1844 ± 1 years] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Atka Volcanic Complex | [1844] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Mauna Loa | 1843 Jan 9 | 1843 Apr 10 (?) | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Baker | 1843 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Rainier | [1843] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Iliamna | [1843] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
St. Helens | 1842 Nov 22 | 1845 Sep 18 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1842 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Veniaminof | 1838 Aug 4 | 1839 Apr | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1838 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1838 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Carlisle | [1838] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Akutan | [1838] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
St. Helens | 1835 Mar (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1832 Jun 20 | 1832 Jul 15 ± 7 days | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
St. Helens | 1831 Aug | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1830 Nov 16 ± 15 days | 1831 Mar 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Fisher | 1830 Aug | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Veniaminof | [1830] | [1838] | Uncertain | ||
Vsevidof | 1830 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Yunaska | 1830 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Semisopochnoi | [1830] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Tanaga | 1829 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Atka Volcanic Complex | [1829] | [1830] | Uncertain | ||
Great Sitkin | [1829] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Kanaga | [1829] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Great Sitkin | [1828] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Kasatochi | [1828] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Carlisle | 1828 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Akutan | [1828] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Gareloi | [1828] | [1829] | Uncertain | ||
Little Sitkin | 1828 | 1830 | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Makushin | [1827] | [1838] | Uncertain | ||
Westdahl | 1827 | 1830 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Seguam | [1827] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Kasatochi | [1827] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Kanaga | [1827] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Shishaldin | 1827 | 1829 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Fisher | 1826 Oct 11 | 1827 Jan (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Makushin | 1826 Jun | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1826 | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1825 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pavlof | 1825 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pagan | 1825 ± 5 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | 1824 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Okmok | 1824 | 1830 | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Yunaska | 1824 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1823 Feb | 1894 Dec 6 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1820 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Baker | 1820 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Westdahl | 1820 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Wrangell | [1819] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Redoubt | [1819] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Makushin | [1818] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Okmok | 1817 Mar 1 | 1820 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Vsevidof | 1817 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Yunaska | [1817] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Pavlof | 1817 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ugashik-Peulik | 1814 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Augustine | 1812 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Atka Volcanic Complex | 1812 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Bogoslof | 1806 | 1823 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Okmok | 1805 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Makushin | 1802 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
St. Helens | 1800 Jan 15 ± 120 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Sidereal: Dendrochronology |
Hualalai | 1800 | 1801 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Pagan | 1800 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Bogoslof | 1796 May | 1804 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Westdahl | 1796 | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Amak | 1796 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Fisher | 1795 (in or before) | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Westdahl | 1795 | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Iliamna | [1793] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Baker | [1792 Jun] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Great Sitkin | 1792 May 26 ± 5 days | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Makushin | [1792 Feb 14] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Gareloi | 1792 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Semisopochnoi | [1792] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Tanaga | [1791 Jun 7] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Gareloi | 1791 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kilauea | 1790 Nov (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Makushin | [1790 Jun 7] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Vsevidof | [1790 May 30] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Akutan | [1790] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Shishaldin | [1790] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Pavlof | 1790 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gareloi | 1790 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Semisopochnoi | [1790] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Kilauea | 1790 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Mono Lake Volcanic Field | 1790 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Amukta | 1786 Jun | 1791 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Seguam | 1786 | 1790 | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Iliamna | [1786] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Wrangell | [1784 Jul] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Hualalai | 1784 ± 7 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Great Sitkin | [1784] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Vsevidof | [1784] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Kanaga | 1783 (?) | 1787 (?) | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Hood | 1781 Oct 15 ± 45 days | 1801 (?) | Confirmed | Sidereal: Dendrochronology | |
Iliamna | 1778 | 1779 | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Little Sitkin | 1776 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Shishaldin | [1775] | [1778] | Uncertain | ||
Asuncion | [1775 ± 10 years] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Carlisle | 1774 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Semisopochnoi | [1772] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Amukta | [1770] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Makushin | 1768 | 1769 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Iliamna | [1768] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Tanaga | [1763] | [1770] | Uncertain | ||
Kanaga | [1763] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Pavlof | 1762 | 1786 | Confirmed | 4 | Unknown |
Gareloi | [1760] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Great Sitkin | [1760] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Kasatochi | 1760 | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1750 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Haleakala | 1750 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Anthropology | |
Kilauea | 1750 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Mauna Loa | 1730 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Snowy Mountain | 1710 ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Amak | 1700 | 1710 | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Kilauea | 1700 ± 25 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Glacier Peak | 1700 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Asuncion | [1690 ± 10 years] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Mauna Loa | 1685 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Mauna Loa | 1680 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Pagan | 1669 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Lassen Volcanic Center | 1666 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Sidereal: Dendrochronology |
Iliamna | 1650 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Augustine | 1650 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Mauna Loa | 1650 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Hualalai | 1650 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Lassen Volcanic Center | [1650 (?)] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Kilauea | 1650 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Redoubt | 1650 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Spurr | 1650 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Mauna Loa | 1640 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Kilauea | 1610 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
St. Helens | 1610 ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mono Lake Volcanic Field | 1550 ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Tanaga | 1550 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Takawangha | 1550 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 1540 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Augustine | 1540 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Aniakchak | 1540 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Redoubt | 1530 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
St. Helens | 1525 ± 25 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Dendrochronology | |
Mauna Loa | 1510 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 1510 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Kilauea | 1510 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Mauna Loa | 1500 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Kilauea | 1500 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Kilauea | 1490 ± 16 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
St. Helens | 1482 Jan 15 ± 120 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Sidereal: Dendrochronology |
St. Helens | 1480 Jan 15 ± 120 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Sidereal: Dendrochronology |
Mauna Loa | 1470 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Aniakchak | 1470 ± 20 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Haleakala | 1460 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Kilauea | 1460 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Rainier | 1450 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 1440 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Akutan | 1420 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Haleakala | 1420 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Kilauea | 1410 (?) | 1470 (?) | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Redoubt | 1400 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Kanaga | 1400 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 1390 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Mono-Inyo Craters | 1380 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 1370 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Aniakchak | 1370 ± 55 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 1360 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Haleakala | 1360 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Redoubt | 1360 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Haleakala | 1350 ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mono-Inyo Craters | 1350 ± 20 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Sidereal: Dendrochronology |
Kilauea | 1340 ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Anthropology |
Pagan | 1340 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 1310 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Glacier Peak | [1300 ± 300 years] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Black Rock Desert | 1290 ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Aniakchak | 1280 ± 145 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mammoth Mountain | 1260 ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Shasta | 1250 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Hualalai | 1240 ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Augustine | 1230 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Shasta | 1200 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Redoubt | 1200 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Hayes | 1200 ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Haleakala | 1200 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 1190 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Aniakchak | 1190 ± 30 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 1170 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 1160 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Hualalai | 1150 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mono Lake Volcanic Field | 1150 ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Chem/Bio: Hydration Rind | |
Kanaga | 1150 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Makushin | 1150 ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Kilauea | 1140 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Mauna Loa | 1130 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 1120 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Aniakchak | 1120 ± 80 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Uinkaret Field | 1100 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Correlation: Anthropology |
Haleakala | 1080 ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
San Francisco Volcanic Field | 1075 ± 25 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Mauna Loa | 1070 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Medicine Lake | 1060 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Markagunt Plateau | 1050 (in or before) | Unknown | Confirmed | Unknown | |
Kilauea | 1050 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Hualalai | 1050 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Aniakchak | 1050 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Ugashik-Peulik | 1050 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Tanaga | 1050 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 1040 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 1030 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Haleakala | 1020 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Haleakala | 1010 ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Medicine Lake | 1010 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Mono-Inyo Craters | 1000 ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Chem/Bio: Hydration Rind | |
Haleakala | 0990 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Haleakala | 0980 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Lassen Volcanic Center | 0980 ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Shishaldin | 0950 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Jefferson | 0950 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Adams | 0950 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mauna Loa | 0940 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Augustine | 0930 ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Hualalai | 0920 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Haleakala | 0910 ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Rainier | 0910 ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Glacier Peak | 0900 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Kilauea | 0900 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Lassen Volcanic Center | 0880 ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Alamagan | 0870 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Shasta | 0850 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Kilauea | 0850 ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Kanaga | 0850 ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Churchill | 0847 ± 1 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 6 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Medicine Lake | 0840 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Medicine Lake | 0830 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 0830 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Mauna Loa | 0810 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Lassen Volcanic Center | 0800 ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Haleakala | 0790 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Medicine Lake | 0780 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
St. Helens | 0780 ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Hualalai | 0770 ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 0720 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Aniakchak | 0700 ± 250 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Newberry | 0690 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Blue Lake Crater | 0680 ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Kilauea | 0680 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Mauna Loa | 0680 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 0640 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Mauna Loa | 0630 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Mono-Inyo Craters | 0620 ± 27 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Mauna Loa | 0600 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 0580 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Augustine | 0570 ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Akutan | 0550 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 0550 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Kilauea | 0540 ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Alamagan | 0540 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Redoubt | 0520 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Mono-Inyo Craters | 0490 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Newberry | 0490 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Hood | 0480 ± 37 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 0480 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Belknap | 0475 ± 215 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Aniakchak | 0460 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Kilauea | 0450 (in or before) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Mauna Loa | 0450 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Mono-Inyo Craters | 0440 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Redoubt | 0440 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Rainier | 0440 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Tutuila | 0440 ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Three Sisters | 0439 ± 108 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Kilauea | 0420 ± 20 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
St. Helens | 0420 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Fisher | 0400 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 0350 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Mono Lake Volcanic Field | 0350 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Akutan | 0340 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Augustine | 0340 ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mono-Inyo Craters | 0320 ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 0300 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Imuruk Lake | 0300 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Redoubt | 0290 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Mono-Inyo Craters | 0290 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
St. Helens | 0270 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Seguam | 0250 ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: Uranium-series | |
St. Helens | 0230 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Salton Buttes | 0210 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Magnetism | |
Mauna Loa | 0200 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Adams | 0200 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Glacier Peak | 0200 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Kanaga | 0200 ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Aniakchak | 0200 ± 255 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
St. Helens | 0190 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Redoubt | 0190 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Wrangell | 0190 ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Mauna Loa | 0150 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Shasta | 0150 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Kilauea | 0150 ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Redoubt | 0110 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
St. Helens | 0100 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Mauna Loa | 0100 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Haleakala | 0080 ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Redoubt | 0070 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Churchill | 0063 ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 6 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Shasta | 0050 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mauna Loa | 0050 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Three Sisters | 0040 ± 202 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Salton Buttes | 0010 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Magnetism | |
Mono-Inyo Craters | 0010 ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 0030 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Three Sisters | 0050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Kilauea | 0050 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Kama'ehuakanaloa | 0050 BCE ± 3000 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: K/Ar |
Mauna Loa | 0060 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Mauna Loa | 0080 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Hualalai | 0080 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 0090 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Redoubt | 0100 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
St. Helens | 0100 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Okmok | 0100 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 6 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Augustine | 0120 BCE ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Craters of the Moon | 0130 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Ubehebe Craters | 0150 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Magnetism | |
Shasta | 0150 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Rainier | 0150 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Redoubt | 0160 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Kilauea | 0200 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Mauna Loa | 0200 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 0210 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Redoubt | 0220 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
St. Helens | 0220 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
St. Helens | 0250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Rainier | 0250 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Craters of the Moon | 0260 BCE ± 25 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Kilauea | 0270 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Redoubt | 0270 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
St. Helens | 0280 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Haleakala | 0290 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Salton Buttes | 0290 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Magnetism | |
Wapi Lava Field | 0300 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Adams | 0300 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mauna Loa | 0300 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Augustine | 0310 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Augustine | 0350 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Ukinrek Maars | 0350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Hualalai | 0350 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 0350 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Craters of the Moon | 0350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Three Sisters | 0350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Aniakchak | 0370 BCE ± 210 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Redoubt | 0380 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Redoubt | 0390 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Haleakala | 0390 BCE ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Hualalai | 0400 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Mauna Loa | 0400 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 0400 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Adams | 0400 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Rainier | 0400 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Kilauea | 0410 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 0420 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Hualalai | 0440 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 0450 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Iliamna | 0450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Redoubt | 0470 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Rainier | 0500 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Mauna Loa | 0500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Mageik | 0500 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
St. Helens | 0530 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Adams | 0550 BCE ± 1000 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Shasta | 0550 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Tanaga | 0550 BCE ± 2500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Mageik | 0550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Makushin | 0550 BCE ± 900 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Haleakala | 0580 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 0600 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 0600 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Redoubt | 0610 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Rainier | 0610 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Redoubt | 0620 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Rainier | 0650 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Shasta | 0650 BCE ± 800 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mageik | 0650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Redoubt | 0670 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Belknap | 0685 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Mono-Inyo Craters | 0700 BCE ± 800 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Chem/Bio: Hydration Rind | |
Rainier | 0700 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hualalai | 0720 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 0770 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Redoubt | 0790 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
St. Helens | 0800 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Three Sisters | 0800 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Kilauea | 0800 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Martin | 0800 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Yantarni | 0800 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
St. Helens | 0830 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Redoubt | 0830 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Glacier Peak | 0850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Shasta | 0850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Redoubt | 0870 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Mauna Loa | 0950 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Sand Mountain Field | 0950 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Medicine Lake | 1000 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
St. Helens | 1010 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Redoubt | 1040 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Redoubt | 1050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Buzzard Creek | 1050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Tanaga | 1050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: Ar/Ar |
Belknap | 1071 BCE ± 241 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Redoubt | 1080 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hualalai | 1080 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 1100 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
St. Helens | 1100 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Medicine Lake | 1130 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Haleakala | 1140 BCE ± 30 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Hualalai | 1150 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Shasta | 1150 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Redoubt | 1150 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Koniuji | 1150 BCE ± 1900 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: Ar/Ar | |
Zuni-Bandera | 1170 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
St. Helens | 1180 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Redoubt | 1210 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Haleakala | 1240 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Jordan Craters | 1250 BCE (after) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
St. Paul Island | 1280 BCE ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 1300 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Haleakala | 1310 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Redoubt | 1310 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Redoubt | 1350 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Newberry | 1450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Chem/Bio: Hydration Rind | |
Redoubt | 1510 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Redoubt | 1540 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Kanaga | 1550 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Redoubt | 1550 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Hayes | 1550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Kilauea | 1550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 1560 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Moffett | 1600 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
St. Helens | 1610 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Aniakchak | 1645 BCE ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 6 | Sidereal: Ice Core |
Mageik | 1650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Kilauea | 1650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Mauna Loa | 1650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Hualalai | 1650 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Craters of the Moon | 1680 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
St. Helens | 1680 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Redoubt | 1690 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Redoubt | 1700 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Mauna Loa | 1700 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Martin | 1750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Veniaminof | 1750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 6 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Makushin | 1750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 1750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
St. Helens | 1770 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Griggs | 1790 BCE ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 1800 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Haleakala | 1800 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Redoubt | 1810 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Augustine | 1820 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Adams | 1850 BCE (after) | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Hayes | 1850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Haleakala | 1850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
St. Helens | 1860 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 6 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Redoubt | 1870 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Dana | 1890 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Black Peak | 1900 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 6 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Kanaga | 1900 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Haleakala | 1900 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 1900 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Haleakala | 1940 BCE ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mageik | 1950 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 2000 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Hualalai | 2040 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 2040 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Augustine | 2040 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Iliamna | 2050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Shasta | 2050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 2050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Kilauea | 2080 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
St. Helens | 2100 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Haleakala | 2120 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 2150 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Kanaga | 2150 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Kilauea | 2200 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Dotsero | 2200 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Haleakala | 2210 BCE ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Redoubt | 2230 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Mauna Loa | 2250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Haleakala | 2260 BCE ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Escanaba Segment | 2260 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: Uranium-series |
Kanaga | 2300 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
St. Helens | 2340 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Redoubt | 2350 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Mauna Loa | 2350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Edgecumbe | 2360 BCE ± 140 years | 2080 BCE ± 90 years | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Hualalai | 2440 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Mauna Kea | 2460 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Haleakala | 2470 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mauna Kea | 2540 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Rainier | 2550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Shasta | 2550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Aniakchak | 2550 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Amak | 2550 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Craters of the Moon | 2560 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Haleakala | 2580 BCE ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Adams | 2650 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Koniuji | 2650 BCE ± 2000 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: Ar/Ar | |
Mauna Kea | 2750 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 2750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Rainier | 2750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Hualalai | 2770 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Davis Lake | 2790 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Redoubt | 2830 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Crater Lake | 2850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Kilauea | 2850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 2860 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Redoubt | 2920 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Adams | 2950 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
North Gorda Ridge Segment | 3020 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: Uranium-series |
Redoubt | 3030 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Shasta | 3050 BCE ± 1000 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Haleakala | 3070 BCE ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Medicine Lake | 3090 BCE | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Redoubt | 3150 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Glacier Peak | 3150 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Fisher | 3170 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 3180 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Medicine Lake | 3190 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Hell's Half Acre | 3250 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Carrizozo | 3250 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: Cosmic Ray Exposure | |
Spurr | 3250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Adams | 3250 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mauna Loa | 3250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Kilauea | 3300 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Mauna Loa | 3350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Mauna Kea | 3370 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Glacier Peak | 3550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Adams | 3550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Redoubt | 3600 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Redoubt | 3650 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Rainier | 3650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Makushin | 3650 BCE ± 1850 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mauna Kea | 3680 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Redoubt | 3690 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Redoubt | 3730 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Mauna Loa | 3750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Moffett | 3750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Adams | 3800 BCE ± 1950 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Edgecumbe | 3810 BCE ± 70 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Rainier | 3850 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mono-Inyo Craters | 3850 BCE ± 1160 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Chem/Bio: Hydration Rind | |
Koniuji | 3850 BCE ± 3100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: Ar/Ar | |
Kaguyak | 3850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 3890 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Redoubt | 4010 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Spurr | 4050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Adams | 4050 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Shasta | 4050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Seguam | 4050 BCE ± 4000 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: Uranium-series |
Mono-Inyo Craters | 4050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Chem/Bio: Hydration Rind | |
Kaguyak | 4060 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Craters of the Moon | 4070 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Augustine | 4150 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Akutan | 4150 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 4250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Craters of the Moon | 4250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Redoubt | 4360 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Mageik | 4400 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Hualalai | 4410 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Newberry | 4450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Chem/Bio: Hydration Rind | |
Jefferson | 4500 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Redoubt | 4510 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Adams | 4550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Baker | 4550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Craters of the Moon | 4600 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Kilauea | 4650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Newberry | 4690 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Kanaga | 4700 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Haleakala | 4760 BCE ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Newberry | 4770 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Redoubt | 4810 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
North Gorda Ridge Segment | 4840 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: Uranium-series |
Rainier | 4850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Newberry | 4860 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Redoubt | 4900 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Hood | 4940 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Newberry | 4960 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Redoubt | 4960 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Rainier | 5050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Kama'ehuakanaloa | 5050 BCE ± 5000 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: K/Ar |
Iliamna | 5050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Sand Mountain Field | 5050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Belknap | 5050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Magnetism | |
Newberry | 5070 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Seguam | 5100 BCE ± 2000 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: Uranium-series |
Spurr | 5110 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Adams | 5150 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mauna Kea | 5150 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Redoubt | 5240 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Crater Lake | 5250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Newberry | 5260 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Mauna Loa | 5350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Rainier | 5350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Augustine | 5420 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Craters of the Moon | 5470 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Crater Lake | 5550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Rainier | 5550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Redoubt | 5580 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Diamond Craters | 5610 BCE ± 470 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Mauna Loa | 5650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Crater Lake | 5680 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 7 | Sidereal: Ice Core |
West Crater | 5750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Bachelor | 5800 BCE ± 750 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Magnetism | |
Redoubt | 5820 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Mauna Loa | 5850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Ugashik-Peulik | 5850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Haleakala | 5860 BCE ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Craters of the Moon | 5890 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Crater Lake | 5900 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 6 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Redoubt | 5910 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Aniakchak | 5930 BCE ± 240 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Redoubt | 5940 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Redoubt | 5950 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Haleakala | 6030 BCE ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Redoubt | 6050 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Spurr | 6050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Shasta | 6050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Makushin | 6100 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
West Crater | 6110 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 6150 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Redoubt | 6190 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Haleakala | 6220 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Indian Heaven | 6250 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 6250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 6280 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Aniakchak | 6300 BCE ± 1250 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 6 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Okmok | 6310 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Mammoth Mountain | 6540 BCE ± 90 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Mauna Loa | 6550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Ugashik-Peulik | 6550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Makushin | 6650 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 6650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Shasta | 6650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Haleakala | 6700 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mono-Inyo Craters | 6750 BCE ± 1740 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Chem/Bio: Hydration Rind | |
Haleakala | 6760 BCE ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Hualalai | 6820 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Kama'ehuakanaloa | 7050 BCE ± 7000 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: K/Ar |
Adams | 7050 BCE ± 1000 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Shishaldin | 7050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 7150 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Haleakala | 7210 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Redoubt | 7210 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Edgecumbe | 7215 BCE ± 165 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Shasta | 7250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Redoubt | 7270 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Seguam | 7300 BCE ± 2250 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: Ar/Ar |
Kanaga | 7300 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Shasta | 7350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Three Sisters | 7350 BCE ± 2700 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mauna Loa | 7350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Redoubt | 7380 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Mageik | 7380 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Fisher | 7420 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 6 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Shasta | 7420 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Redoubt | 7430 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Haleakala | 7450 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Hualalai | 7540 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Mauna Loa | 7550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Shishaldin | 7550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Haleakala | 7570 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Roundtop | 7600 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Akutan | 7620 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Shasta | 7650 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Shasta | 7750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Redoubt | 7800 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Rainier | 7800 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Baker | 7850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 7850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Moffett | 7850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Haleakala | 7950 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mauna Loa | 8050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Shasta | 8050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Rainier | 8050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Craters of the Moon | 8290 BCE | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Black Butte Crater Lava Field | 8400 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Mageik | 8670 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Zuni-Bandera | 8710 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Craters of the Moon | 8720 BCE | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Craters of the Moon | 9050 BCE | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Newberry | 9210 BCE ± 1200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Edgecumbe | 9300 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Redoubt | 9310 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Varve Count | |
Red Hill | 9450 BCE ± 400 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: Cosmic Ray Exposure | |
Red Hill | 9700 BCE ± 450 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: Cosmic Ray Exposure | |
Red Hill | 9850 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: Cosmic Ray Exposure | |
Craters of the Moon | 10060 BCE | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Golden Trout Creek | 55500 BCE ± 3500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: Cosmic Ray Exposure |
United States has 176 Pleistocene volcanoes. Note that as a scientific organization we provide these listings for informational purposes only, with no international legal or policy implications. Volcanoes will be included on this list if they are within the boundaries of a country, on a shared boundary or area, in a remote territory, or within a maritime Exclusive Economic Zone. Suggestions and data updates are always welcome ().
Volcano Name | Volcanic Region | Primary Volcano Type |
---|---|---|
Adagdak | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Addington Volcanic Field | Queen Charlotte Volcano Group | Cluster |
Albuquerque | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Amboy | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Minor |
Aurora-Bodie | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Bailey | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Bald Knoll | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Minor |
Basalt Knob | Queen Charlotte Volcano Group | Minor |
Big Bunchgrass | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Minor |
Big Cave | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Big Pine Volcanic Field | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Minor |
Black Butte | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Minor |
Black Butte | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Black Crater | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Blackfoot Lava Field | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Blacks Mountain | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Blue Mountain | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Boring Lava | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Broken Top | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Brown Mountain | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Brushy Butte | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Buffalo Valley | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Burney Mountain | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Minor |
Capital | Wrangell Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Cappy Mountain | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Caribou | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Cat Hills | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Central Segment | Northeast Pacific Rifts Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Chamorro | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Unknown |
Cheref | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
China Hat-East Butte | High Lava Plains Volcanic Province | Minor |
Cima Lava Field | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Cinder Butte | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Clayton Valley | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Minor |
Copco Lake | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Minor |
Coso Volcanic Field | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Cowhorn Mountain | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Crater Flat | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Cultus Mountain | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Cupit Mary Mountain | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Defiance | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Devils Desk | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Diamond Peak | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Dittmar | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Double Glacier | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Minor |
Drum | Wrangell Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Eagle Lake Field | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
East Molokai | Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Eifuku | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Espenberg | Northern Alaska-Bering Sea Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Fort Rock Volcanic Field | High Lava Plains Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Four Craters Lava Field | High Lava Plains Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Fuji Mountain | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Fumarole Butte | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Shield |
Geronimo | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Gertrude Creek | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Minor |
Gilbert | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Goat Rocks | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Golden Trout Creek | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Goose Nest | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Goosenest | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Gordon | Wrangell Volcanic Arc | Minor |
Cerro Grande | Yellowstone-Snake River Hotspot Volcano Group | Cluster |
Hackamore | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Imagination Peak | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Minor |
Ingrichuak Hills | Northern Alaska-Bering Sea Volcanic Province | Minor |
Inskip Hill | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Minor |
Irish Mountain | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Isanotski Peaks | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Jackies Butte | High Lava Plains Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Jarvis | Wrangell Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Jornada del Muerto | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Shield |
Jumbo Dome | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Minor |
Kaena | Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Kahoolawe | Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Kasuga 3 | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Kauai | Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Kaula | Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Kohala | Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Kolob | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Kookooligit Mountains | Northern Alaska-Bering Sea Volcanic Province | Shield |
Koolau | Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Lanai | Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Latour Butte | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Minor |
Lava Butte | High Lava Plains Volcanic Province | Shield |
Lava Mountain | High Lava Plains Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Lava Mountains Volcanic Field | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Minor |
Lavic Lake | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Leucite Hills | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Long Valley | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Caldera |
Lost Lake Butte | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Lucero | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Lunar Crater | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Maclaren River Volcanic Field | Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province | Minor |
Magee Peak | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Mahukona | Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group | Minor |
Maiden Peak | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Maidu | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Malutut | Samoan Hotspot Volcano Group | Composite |
Marble Mountain | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
McCoy | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Minor |
McLoughlin | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Menan Buttes | Yellowstone-Snake River Hotspot Volcano Group | Minor |
Mineral Mountains-Cove Fort | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Mountain Home-Kuna Lava Field | High Lava Plains Volcanic Province | Minor |
Mountain Lakes | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Niihau | Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Northeast Bank | Samoan Hotspot Volcano Group | Composite |
Nunivak Island | Northern Alaska-Bering Sea Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Ocate | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Olallie Butte | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Pelican Butte | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Phoenix Segment | Northeast Pacific Rifts Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Pinto Basin-Salton Creek | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Potato Butte | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Potrillo Volcanic Field | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Poyo | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Prindle | Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province | Minor |
Quartz Mountain | High Lava Plains Volcanic Province | Minor |
Rainbow Mountain | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Raton-Clayton | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Red Lake Mountain | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Minor |
Red Top Mountain | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Saddle Butte | High Lava Plains Volcanic Province | Cluster |
San Carlos | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Sanford | Wrangell Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Santa Clara | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Savonovski River Cluster | Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Scott Mountain | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Selawik Hills | Northern Alaska-Bering Sea Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Sentinel Plain | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Sergief | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Sheldon-Antelope | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Sifford Mountain | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Silver Creek | High Lava Plains Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Silver Lake Volcanic Field | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Simcoe | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Sinker Butte | High Lava Plains Volcanic Province | Shield |
Skookum Creek | Wrangell Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Smelter Knolls | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Minor |
Snow Mountain | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Soso | Samoan Hotspot Volcano Group | Composite |
South Daikoku | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Sprague River Valley | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Springerville Volcanic Field | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
St. George | Northern Alaska-Bering Sea Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Steamboat Springs | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Minor |
Sutter Buttes | California Coast Ranges Volcano Group | Minor |
Table Mountain | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Tamai | Samoan Hotspot Volcano Group | Composite |
Tanada | Wrangell Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Taos Plateau | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Taylor Butte | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Taylor Volcanic Field | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Composite |
Thielsen | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Three Fingered Jack | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Tisa | Samoan Hotspot Volcano Group | Composite |
Togiak Valley | Northern Alaska-Bering Sea Volcanic Province | Cluster |
Tracey Seamount | Mariana Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Trader Mountain | Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc | Composite |
Tulaga | Samoan Hotspot Volcano Group | Composite |
Tumac Mountain | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Minor |
Tumalo | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Minor |
Tumble Buttes | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Minor |
Twin Buttes | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Valles Caldera | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Caldera |
Waianae | Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Washington | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
West Maui | Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
West Molokai | Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group | Shield |
Whaleback | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Williamson Mountain | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Willow Peak | Basin and Range Volcanic Province | Minor |
Wilson | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Shield |
Wuksi Butte-Twin Lakes | High Cascades Volcanic Arc | Cluster |
Yellowstone | Yellowstone-Snake River Hotspot Volcano Group | Caldera |
There are 958 photos available for volcanoes in United States.

Photo by Harry Glicken, 1986 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Chris Waythomas, 2000 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Tom Miller, 1974 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution)

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1999 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Clayton and Marcia Brown, 1987 (courtesy of John Reeder, Alaska Div. Geology & Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1986 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution)

Photo by Chris Nye, 1982 (Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Game McGimsey (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Steve Ebbert, 2000 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Dan Dzurisin, 1983 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Harold Wilson (Peninsula Airways), 1987 (courtesy of John Reeder, Alaska Div. Geology Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1977 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Roy Bailey, 1980 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1977 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Fred Deines, 1992 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1989 (Smithsonian Institution).

NASA Space Shuttle image STS099-728-21, 2000 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by R. Russell, 1977 (Alaska Department of Fish and Game).

Photo by Harry Glicken, 1982 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Paul Kimberly, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984.

Photo by Dick Stoiber, 1976 (Dartmouth College).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1972 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Betsy Yount, 1984 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Game McGimsey (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Ed Wolfe, 1973 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1984 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by U.S. Coast Guard, 1977 (courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Chris Nye, 1985 (Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Dave Wieprecht, 1995 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by U.S. Air Force (published in U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1028-K).

Photo by Tom Miller, 1990 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Dan Dzurisin, 1982 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Willie Scott, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Betsy Yount (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Harold Wilson (Peninsula Airways), 1987 (courtesy of John Reeder, Alaska Div. Geology & Geophysical Surveys).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Image courtesy of Susan Merle (Oregon State University/NOAA Vents Program).

Photo by Richard Fiske, 1967 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984.

Photo by Christina Neal, 1992 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1973 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Dave Wieprecht, 1995 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Harold Wilson (Peninsula Airways), 1987 (courtesy of John Reeder, Alaska Div. Geological Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by J.D. Griggs, 1988 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lyn Topinka, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Willie Scott, 1974 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Satellite image courtesy of Copernicus Sentinel Data, 2019.

Photo by Chris Nye (Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Lyn Topinka, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Bill Chadwick, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Robin Holcomb, 1974 (U.S. Geological Survey).

NOAA image, 2004 (courtesy of Bill Chadwick; http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/04fire/logs/march30/march30.html).

NASA Space Shuttle image STS42-82-33, 1992 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by Lyn Topinka, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Christina Neal, 1993 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Satellite image courtesy of Copernicus Sentinel Data, 2018.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Robin Holcomb, 1974 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1984 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Christina Neal, 1993 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1994 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Richard Fiske, 1986 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2000 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1984 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Paul Kimberly, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Cynthia Gardner, 1992 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1986 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Christina Neal, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by W. White, 1989 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1990 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Betsy Yount, 1986 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Image courtesy of NOAA, 2003 (http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03fire/).

Photo by Harold Wilson (Peninsula Airways), 1987 (courtesy of John Reeder, Alaska Div. Geology Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Betsy Yount, 1983 (U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Larry Mastin, 1992 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by G. Vernon Byrd, 1972 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Bill Rose, 1976 (Michigan Technological University).

Photo by Betsy Yount, 1983 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Game McGimsey (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Game McGimsey, 1998 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Bill Chadwick, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Dick Moore, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Rick Hoblitt, 1978 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984.

Photo by Lyn Topinka, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Jim Myers, 1997 (University of Wyoming; courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Paul Kimberly, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Dan Rogers, 1961 (courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1994 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by U.S. Navy, 1953.

Photo by Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, 1960.

Photo by Gene Iwatsubo, 1985 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Rick Hoblitt, 1978 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Cynthia Gardner, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey, 1984.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2002 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Steve Ebbert (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Lee Siebert (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Christina Neal, 2005 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey.

Photo by Game McGimsey (U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2002 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1994 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1984 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Game McGimsey (U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1999 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Larry Mastin, 1991 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Peter Craig, 1995 (U.S. National Park Service).

Photo by Paul Kimberly, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Christina Neal, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo courtesy U.S. Geological Survey.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1999 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Dave Wieprecht, 1995 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Game McGimsey, 2004 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Betsy Yount, 1986 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by J.D. Griggs, 1989 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Satellite image courtesy of Copernicus Sentinel Data, 2019.

Photo by Dave Wieprecht, 1995 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lyn Topinka (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Don Swanson (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Cynthia Gardner, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1986 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Tom Miller, 1975 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Tom Miller, 1998 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Bill Chadwick, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1974 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Game McGimsey, 1992 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Willie Scott, 1987 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by E.V. Kleff, 1985 (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Peter Lipman, 1977 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by U.S. Navy, 1981.

Photo by Betsy Yount (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1972 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1989 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Lanny Simpson, 2006 (courtesy of USGS/AVO).

Photo by Christina Neal, 1992 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Bill Chadwick, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Ed Wolfe, 1977 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by R. Russell, 1977 (Alaska Department of Fish and Game).

Photo by Chris Nye, 1994 (Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Willie Scott, 1973 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1994 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Dave Roseneau, 2001 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).

Photo by Larry Mastin, 1991 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Jim Faro (Alaska Department of Fish and Game).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Chris Nye, 1980 (Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lyn Topinka, 1985 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Willie Scott, 1972 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Game McGimsey, 1992 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1999 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Dave Wieprecht, 1993 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1977 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1980 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2020 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Rick Hoblitt, 1978 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1994 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2002 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology.

Photo by Jerry Eaton. 1955 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1971 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Paul Kimberly, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution)

Photo by Game McGimsey, 1990 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Clayton and Marcia Brown, 1986 (courtesy of John Reeder, Alaska Div. Geology Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by John Brooks, 1992 (U. S. National Park Service).

Photo by Bob Webster.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Bill Chadwick, 1982 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by R. Katchadoorian, 1942 (from the collection of Maurice and Katia Krafft).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1979 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Game McGimsey, 2003 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lyn Topinka, 1985 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Image courtesy of Susan Merle (Oregon State University/ NOAA Vents Program).

Photo by Rick Howard, 2002 (courtesy of Del Hubbs, U S Forest Service).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lyn Topinka, 1985 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2000 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by John Sease, 1998 (NMS/NOAA).

Photo by Chris Nye (Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by U.S. Geological Survey, 1967.

Photo by Christina Neal (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Larry Mastin, 1986 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Bill Rose, 1988 (Michigan Technological University).

Photo by Chris Nye, 1994 (Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1994 (Smithsonian Institution).

NASA International Space Station image ISS005-E-18300, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1972 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Paul Kimberly, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1989.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Norm Banks, 1980 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Larry Mastin, 1991 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Peter Lipman, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Jerry Eaton, 1955 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Fred Zeillemaker, 1982 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Fred Deines, 1987 (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Larry Mastin, 1991 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Michelle Harbin, 1994 (courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Michelle Harbin (courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Paul Kimberly, 1994 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Courtesy of Jeffrey N. Williams, Flight Engineer and NASA Science Officer, International Space Station Expedition 13 Crew, NASA Earth Observatory.

Photo by U.S. Navy, 1981.

Photo by David Yamaguchi (University of Washington).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2002 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Richard Fiske, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Robert Clucas, 1990.

Photo by Michelle Coombs, 2003 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Steve Ebbert, 2000 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1979 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984.

Photo by Winfrey, 1980 (U.S. Navy).

Photo by Dick Moore, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1979 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1999 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Game McGimsey, 1991 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1979 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984.

Photo by Betsy Yount, 1983 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Bob Tilling, 1973 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by R.V. Fisher, 1984 (University of California Santa Barbara).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1983 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Rick Howard, 2002 (courtesy of Del Hubbs, U S Forest Service).

Photo by Game McGimsey, 2004 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Joyce Warren, 1990 (courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Christina Neal (U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Dave Wieprecht, 1992 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Harry Glicken, 1982 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Sketch by Henry Warre.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Bill Chadwick, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution)

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1999 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1985 (Smithsonian Institution)

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2000 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1994 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

NASA International Space Station image ISS002-701-263, 2001 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by Harold Wilson (Peninsula Airways), 1987 (courtesy of John Reeder, Alaska Div. Geology & Geophysical Surveys).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1972 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Allison Till, 1980 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1989.

Photo by D. Sellers, 1993 (Alaska Department of Fish and Game).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Bill Chadwick, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1972 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Terry Keith, 1994 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Rick Hoblitt, 1978 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Dan Dzurisin, 1982 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1984 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Victoria Avery, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Chris Nye, 1980 (Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Dave Wieprecht, 1995 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2000 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1999 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1988 (Smithsonian Institution).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Paul Kimberly, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Jeffrey Judd, 1969 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1968 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Chris Nye (Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1977 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1989 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Image courtesy of Submarine Ring of Fire 2006 Exploration, NOAA Vents Program.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Chris Nye (Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Lee Siebert. 1994 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1967 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by William Melson, 1980 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Jeff Plaut, 1990 (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, courtesy of Richard Fiske, Smithsonian Institution).

Image courtesy of Susan Merle (Oregon State University/NOAA Vents Program).

Photo by Game McGimsey, 1990 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Larry Mastin, 1988 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Richard Waitt, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Norm Banks, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Satellite image courtesy of Copernicus Sentinel Data, 2018.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2000 (Smithsonian Institution)

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Tom Miller (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Richard Moore, 1975 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Steve Brantley, 1982 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Christina Neal, 1997 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Harold Wilson (Peninsula Airways), 1987, courtesy of John Reeder (Alaska Div. Geology & Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Chris Nye (Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by E.V. Kleff, 1994 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution)

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984 (courtesy of Hawaii Volcano Observatory).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984.

Photo by Chris Nye (Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lyn Topinka, 1986 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1972 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1974 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Jim Vallance, 1980 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Jim Griggs, 1985 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Chris Nye, 1992 (Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Tom Miller, 1973 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Terry Leighley, 1982 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by U.S. Geological Survey, 1968.

Photo by Harold Wilson, 1987 (Peninsula Airways).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by W.C. Mendenhall, 1902 (U. S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Robin Holcomb, 1974 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by William Melson, 1980 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Christina Neal, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2020 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by M. Woodbridge Williams (National Park Service).

Photo by Paul Kimberly, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by J.D. Griggs, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Image courtesy of Susan Merle (Oregon State University/NOAA Vents Program).

Photo by Richard Fiske, 1967 (Smithsonian Institution).

NASA International Space Station image ISS002-E-6878, 2001 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by Richard Fiske (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Christina Neal, 1993 (U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Donald Richter (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1977 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Steve Ebbert, 1997 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Paul Kimberly, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Norm Banks, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Cynthia Gardner, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Ed Wolfe, 1970 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Tom Miller, 1989 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Richard Waitt, 1983 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey, 1979.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Chris Nye, 2000 (Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Dave Wieprecht, 1995 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Ed Wolfe, 1973 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Susan Schulmeister, 1996 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lyn Topinka, 1985 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1986.

Map courtesy Bill Embley and William Chadwick (NOAA: http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03fire/logs/feb17/feb17.html)

Photo by Richard Fiske, 1958 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2002 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1973 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2002 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Tom Miller, 1985 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Game McGimsey, 1992 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Christina Neal, 1994 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Paul Kimberly, 1994 (Smithsonian Institution).

From the collection of Maurice and Katia Krafft.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution)

Photo by Richard Fiske, 1967 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by John Reeder (Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Harold Wilson (Peninsula Airways), 1986 (courtesy of John Reeder, Alaska Div. Geology & Geophysical Surveys).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Chris Nye (Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984.

Photo by Bob Christiansen, 1980 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Norm Banks, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Chris Nye (Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Willie Scott, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1990 (Smithsonian Institution).

NASA Landsat 7 image (worldwind.arc.nasa.gov)

Photo by Jeffrey Judd, 1969 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Michelle Coombs, 2003 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Rick Howard, 2002 (courtesy of Del Hubbs, U S Forest Service).

Photo by Paul Kimberly, 1994 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Cynthia Gardner, 1992 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Satellite image courtesy of Copernicus Sentinel Data, 2018.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1989 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by U.S. Navy, 1981.

Photo by Jim Meyers, 1992 (University of Wyoming, courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Peter Lipman, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 2003.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Gordon Macdonald (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Susan Karl (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U S Geological Survey).

Photo by Terry Leighley, 1980 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Jerry Eaton, 1959 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1984 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Fred Deines, 1993 (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Chris Nye, 1994 (Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Game McGimsey, 1991 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Larry Mastin, 1992 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1974 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Game McGimsey, 1991 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Tom Miller, 1990 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Cynthia Gardner, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lyn Topinka, 1986 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1994 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Game McGimsey (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Christina Neal, 1993 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1986.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1971 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Richard Fiske (Smithsonian Institution).

Satellite image courtesy of Copernicus Sentinel Data, 2019.

Photo by Steve McNutt, 1979 (University of Alaska, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Tom Madsen (Aleutian Air), 1988 (courtesy of John Reeder, Alaska Div. Geology & Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Rick Howard, 2002 (courtesy of Del Hubbs, U S Forest Service).

Photo courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1968 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by U.S. Geological Survey, 1980.

Photo by Paul Kimberly, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lyn Topinka, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Willie Scott, 1972 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1994 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Jerry Chisum (Mark Airways), 1987 (courtesy of John Reeder, Alaska Div. Geology & Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2002 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1968 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Game McGimsey, 1990 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Norm Banks, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Willie Scott, 1995 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey (published in USGS Bulletin 1028-B).

Photo by Gary Haust, 1981 (courtesy Norm Banks, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1994 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1986 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Terry Leighley, 1980 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Don Peterson, 1973 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Larry Mastin, 1992 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory.

NASA Landsat image, 1990.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Jennifer Adleman, 2006 (U S Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Norm Banks, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1971 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Richard Fiske, 1966 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Betsy Yount, 1986 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Image courtesy of Submarine Ring of Fire 2006 Exploration, NOAA Vents Program.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Steve Ebbert, 2000 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).

Photo by U.S. Geological Survey, 1983.

Photo by Ken Morin, 1960 (courtesy of Bill Rose, Michigan Technological University).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Dick Moore, 1992 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1985 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Paul Kimberly, 1994 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984.

Photo by John Ewert, 1985 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Game McGimsey, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by U.S. Navy, 1981.

Photo by Christina Neal, 1992 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution)

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Jerry Eaton, 1954 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Ed Wolfe, 1973 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Dick Moore, 1992 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1977 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Image courtesy of Submarine Ring of Fire 2004 Exploration, NOAA Vents Program.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1999 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Donald Richter, 1994 (U.S. Geological Survey, published in Richter et al., 1995).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Dan Dzurisin, 1983 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by G.O. Fagerlund (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Game McGimsey (U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Steve Ebbert, 1996 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1986.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1986 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Dan Dzurisin, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Bill Chadwick, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1972 (courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Image courtesy of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1996 (http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/home.html).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Tom Edgarton, 1986 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).

Photo by Don Swanson, 1980 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Christina Neal, 1990 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Jerry Chisum (Mark Airways), 1987 (courtesy of John Reeder, Alaska Div. Geology & Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Chris Nye, 1982 (Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Game McGimsey, 1988 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Tom Miller, 1985 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Rick Howard, 2002 (courtesy of Del Hubbs, U S Forest Service).

NASA International Space Station image ISS001-E-5957, 2001 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by Bob Symonds, 1983 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Norm Banks, 1983 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Takeshi Matsushima, 2005 (Kyushu University).

Photo by B. Anderson, 1992 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).

Photo by Don Peterson (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Willie Scott, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by J.D. Griggs, 1987 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Dave Wieprecht, 1993 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory, 1973.

Photo by Jack Lockwood, 1982 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Tom Miller, 1994 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Richard Moore, 1977 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2000 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory (University of Hawaii).

Photo by Art Sowls, 1988 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1984 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1980.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution)

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Julie Donnely-Nolan, 1982 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by B. Cella (National Park Service).

Photo courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory, 1994.

Photo courtesy of Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, 2003.

Photo by Jim Peaco, 2001 (National Park Service).

Photo by Larry Mastin, 1992 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1986 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1990 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1979 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lyn Topinka, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory).

NASA International Space Station image ISS002-E-9892, 2001 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by Jim Riehle (U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2002 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Jim Moore (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lyn Topinka, 1985 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Tom Miller, 1988 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, 1960.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Game McGimsey, 1994 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Image courtesy of Vailulu'u 2005 Exploration (NOAA Ocean Explorer).

Photo by Jean Tobin, 1968.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984.

Photo courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey.

Photo by U.S. Geological Survey (published in Green and Short, 1971).

Photo by Dan Dzurisin, 1982 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Dan Dzurisin, 1983 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Image courtesy of Submarine Ring of Fire 2006 Exploration, NOAA Vents Program.

Photo by Tom Wright, 1965 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Dan Rogers, 1961 (courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1973 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1988 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Bruce Perry, 2005 (California State University Long Beach).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution)

Photo by Harold Wilson, 1987 (Peninsula Airways), courtesy of John Reeder (Alaska Div. Geology Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1980 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Don Swanson, 1969 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1987.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Dave Wieprecht, 1995 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Image courtesy of NOAA, 2003 (http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03fire/logs/mar02/media/kasuga.html).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, 1960.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

From the collection of Maurice and Katia Krafft.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Image courtesy of Susan Merle (Oregon State University/NOAA Vents Program).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by G.O. Fagerlund (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Dan Dzurisin, 1982 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Image courtesy of Susan Merle (Oregon State University/NOAA Vents Program).

Photo by Victoria Avery, 1992 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Richard Fiske, 1959 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Chris Nye (Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by U.S. Army Air Force, 1942.

Photo by Ed Wolfe, 1977 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Elgin Cook, 1996 (U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Chris Nye, 1991 (Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Harold Wilson (Peninsula Airways), 1987 (courtesy of John Reeder, Alaska Div. Geology Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Richard Fiske, 1967 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984.

Photo by Dan Dzurisin, 1982 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by James Dickson, 1986 (courtesy of John Reeder, Alaska Div. Geology Geophysical Surveys).

Courtesy of NOAA NeMo Observatory.

Courtesy of Bill Chadwick, 2006 (Oregon State University/NOAA).

Photo courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey, 1999 (published in Hildreth et al., 2001).

Photo by Dan Dzurisin, 1982 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1972 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey

Photo courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey.

Image courtesy of NOAA vents program, 2006 (http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/06fire).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Dave Wieprecht, 1995 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1986.

Photo by Lee Siebert (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Jerry Chisum (Mark Air), 1987 (courtesy of John Reeder, Alaska Div. Geology Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory (University of Hawaii).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1972 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Charlotte Jones, 1988 (courtesy of John Reeder, Alaska Div. Geology & Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Don Swanson, 1980 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Richard Fiske, 1968 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1980 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1986 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Betsy Yount, 1983 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by V.B. Scheffer (published in U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1028-F).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1999 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Susan Sakimoto (NASA, courtesy of Scott Hughes, Idaho State University).

Photo by Chris Nye, 1994 (Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution)

From the collection of Maurice and Katia Krafft.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Bill Chadwick, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1972 (Smithsonian Institution).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2017 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1980 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Willie Scott, 1994 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1984 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

Photo by Richard Fiske, 1959 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2002 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Chris Waythomas, 2007 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1980 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by R. Von Huene, 1971 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1972 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Chris Nye (Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Jerry Eaton, 1954 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution)

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1969 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Don Swanson, 1968 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1972 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Terry Leighley, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Paul Kimberly, 1994 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Bill Chadwick, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Image courtesy of NOAA, 2003 (http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03fire/logs/mar02/media/nikko.html).

Photo by Willie Scott, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1980.

Photo by Rick Hoblitt, 1978 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Terry Leighley, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Richard Fiske, 1966 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Don Swanson, 1969 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Paul Kimberly, 1994 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Rick Howard, 2002 (courtesy of Del Hubbs, U S Forest Service).

Photo by Ken Parker, 1977 (Alaska Department of Fish and Game).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1989 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Image courtesy of Submarine Ring of Fire 2004 Exploration, NOAA Vents Program.

Photo by Dick Moore, 1990 (U. S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Dick Moore, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Paul Kimberly, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1990 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Paul Kimberly, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by J.D. Griggs, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1999 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1979 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Game McGimsey, 1992 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1987.

Photo by Dzurisin, 1985 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Winfrey, 1980 (U.S. Navy).

Photo by Rick Hoblitt, 1978 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by U.S. Navy, 1982.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1987.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1980 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Game McGimsey, 1992 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1987.

Photo by Michelle Harbin, 1994 (courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Bill Chadwick, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Painting by Paul Kane (Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada).

Photo by Paul Kimberly, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1977 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Christina Neal, 1997 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1984 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Don Swanson (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Tom Miller, 1973 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo courtesy U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1980 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Jerry Eaton, 1959 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo Clayton and Marcia Brown, 1987 (courtesy of John Reeder, Alaska Div. Geology & Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984.

Photo by Darryl Lloyd, 1980 (courtesy U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Tavita Togia, 2004 (U. S. National Park Service).

Photo by Chris Nye, 1994 (Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1980 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1994 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Harold Wilson, 1987 (Peninsula Airways), courtesy of John Reeder (Alaska Div. Geology Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Chris Nye, 1982 (Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Image by Hart and others (Global Volcanism Network Bulletin, 2001).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2002 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution)

Photo by Tom Miller, 1985 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Willie Scott, 1973 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Satellite image courtesy of Copernicus Sentinel Data, 2019.

Photo by Willie Scott, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Fred Zeillemaker, 1986 (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by C. Dau, 1992 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Chris Nye (Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by C.F. Zeillemaker, 1993 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by J.D. Griggs, 1987 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1994 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1986 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1994 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Paul Kimberly, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1982 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1968 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Jeffrey Judd, 1970 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2000 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1998 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1989.

Photo by Chris Nye, 1994 (Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Larry Shaishnikoff, 1992 (courtesy of John Reeder, Alaska Div. Geology & Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Chris Nye (Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Norm Banks, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1979.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1987.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2020 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Lyn Topinka, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Richard Mack, 1986.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Dan Dzurisin, 1985 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Willie Scott, 1991 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Harold Wilson, 1987 (Peninsula Airways), courtesy of John Reeder (Alaska Div. Geology Geophysical Surveys).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lyn Topinka, 1983 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Tom Miller (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1980 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Image courtesy of Susan Merle (Oregon State University/NOAA Vents Program).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1968 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by David Little, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by U.S. Geological Survey, 1975.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1985 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1978.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1996 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Bob Decker, 1979 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2002 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory.

Photo by Dave Wieprecht, 1995 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by John Dvorak, 1980 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Betsy Yount, 1983 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Game McGimsey, 1986 (U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by U.S. Navy (published in U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1028-O).

Photo by Norm Banks, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Paul Kimberly, 1997 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by E. Bailey, 1982 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).

Photo by Willie Scott, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Kerry Moore, 2007 (courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory).

Photo by Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, 1971.
This is a compilation of United States volcano information sources, such as official monitoring or other government agencies.
Civil Protection Agencies | |
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Hawaiʻi County Civil Defense Agency | ![]() |
Alaska Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management | ![]() |
Additional Information Sources | |
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Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands | ![]() |